we can do more than we realize! · 7/9/2013 1 rural trauma care we can do more than we realize!...

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7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation 17 yo female Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only) High speed collision of Audi with Truck Passenger car severed in half

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Page 1: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

7/9/2013

1

Rural Trauma Care

We Can Do More Than We Realize!

Field presentation

• 17 yo female 

• Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

• High speed collision of Audi with Truck

• Passenger car severed in half

Page 2: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Vehicle

ER Presentation

• Shock SBP 80‐90

• GCS 4‐5 (some tracking with eyes)

• Marked lap belt injury

• Weather would not permit helicopter or fixed wing transport.

Page 3: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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CT

OR

• Exploratory laparotomy

• Damage control

• Multiple areas of bowel injury and complete transection (stapled closed not definativerepair) mesenteric bleeding controled

• Stomach reduced from chest ,chest tube 

• Pelvic hematoma packed

• Abdomen left open with drains and packing

Page 4: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Transport

• Ground transport with MESI (Life Flight Crew)

• Marked acidosis requiring ongoing resuscitation with fluids and blood products

• Transport stopped at St. Pats ER for more blood and fluids

• Fixed wing transport to Harborview

Harborview

• Prolonged course with multiple returns to OR

• Last report patient is eating and moving her toes

Page 5: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Case #2

• 43 year old Male

• Restrained driver rollover MVC at highway speeds and colliding with a stone wall

• Transported from scene Alert but possible LOC

• Initial Pulse 115, BP 140/80

• Left side abdominal contusion

Past medical History

• History of incomplete cervical quadriplegia from MVA 15 years ago

• PSH 

– diverting ileostomy

– Previous tracheostomy

– Cervical fusion

Page 6: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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ER Management

• The patient initially appeared stable

• Abdominal examination showed the contusions but no tenderness

– Examination limited but patients incomplete cervical quadriplegia

– Standard ATLS evaluation

– CT of the abdomen and pelvis

• Grade IV splenic rupture with hemoperitoneum

• Left rib fractures 5‐10

OR management

• Initial contacts were made for transport of this complex patient (KRMC Alert)

• The patient became hypotensive

• Decision made for a surgical exploration

• Blood products started with goal of 1:1:1

• Splenectomy with evacuation of 2000cc blood

• Left thoracostomy tube

Page 7: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Post operative care

• The Alert flight team arrived as the abdomen was closed

• KRMC Medical control advised transport to trauma center in Spokane

Trauma case #3

• 31 yo male

• Punched his right arm through a plate glass window

• Deep laceration to the humerus

• Transported by EMS with tourniquet

• Complete Brachial Artery laceration apparent on arrival 

Page 8: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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OR managemant

• Patient taken immediately to the OR

• Surgical tourniquet applied

• Wound exploration revealed complete laceration of biceps to the level of the humerus with transection of the brachial artery, vein and the Median nerve

OR Management

• The venous structures were ligated close to the lacerated ends to preserve length

• The nerve was identified proximal and distal and a prolene suture was placed to mark each end, no repair was attempted

• A shunt was fashioned from a segment of 10 french drain tubing, placed in the proximal and distal ends and secured, flow was confirmed.

Page 9: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Post op care

• Life flight arrive as the procedure concluded

• The patient was transported to the airport in Missoula by helicopter and by fixed wing to Harborview Medical Center

• The patient arrive at Harborview with intact distal pulses and a perfused hand

• Definitive repair of the artery, nerve and biceps muscle was achieved

Damage Control Surgery

• Damage‐control laparotomy as practiced in trauma surgery. Since the first description of deliberately abbreviated laparotomy in the mid 1980’s, damage‐control laparotomy has been widely applied

• Recent emphasis on its application to the Rural hospital with surgical capability

Page 10: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Damage Control in Rural CAH

• Catastrophic Patient

– Beyond the usual scope of practice at your facility

• Pitfalls:

– “I am not comfortable with that”

– “we cant care for this here”

Goals

• Stabilization

– Don’t miss the window of opportunity

• Establish IV access early

• Intervene with life threatening issues– Pneumothorax

– External bleeding 

– Establish plan of transfer and start process early

– Early interventions have much greater impact

• Use your wait time for transport wisely

Page 11: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Surgeon + CAH

• Potential for life saving intervention

• The Damage Control Laparotomy will stop the downward spiral of the patient

• Goals

– Arrest bleeding

– Limit contamination

– Gain control of ABC’s

– Prepare patient for shipping

Transfer Agreements

• Go beyond the paperwork

• Get to know your providers at the next level of care

– Regional Trauma conferences

– Shared call, locum opportunities

• Communicate with the accepting provider

– Let them know early and often what you did and what they can expect to receive

Page 12: We Can Do More Than We Realize! · 7/9/2013 1 Rural Trauma Care We Can Do More Than We Realize! Field presentation • 17 yo female • Restrained rear seat passenger (Lap belt only)

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Damage Control

• “It is a tragedy for a patient to die of intra‐abdominal hemorrhage awaiting, during or without transfer when a General Surgeon and an operating room are available”

• Richard Sidwell,MD

• Chairman Rural Trauma Team Development Course

• American College of Surgeons

• RTTDC: ACS 8.25 hours CME $50 / person– Course is brought to your institution

References

• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006 Aug;12(4):346‐50. Damage‐control laparotomy. Lee JC, Peitzman AB. Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC‐Presbyterian, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. [email protected] PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article summarizes the current state of damage‐control laparotomy as practiced in trauma surgery. Since the first description of deliberately abbreviated laparotomy 20 years ago, damage‐control laparotomy has been widely applied. The purpose of this review is to discuss current concepts in damage‐control laparotomy in trauma and general surgery patients. RECENT FINDINGS: The immediate, essential goals of control of surgical bleeding and containment of gastrointestinal soilage are achieved at a truncated laparotomy. Ongoing resuscitation of the injured patient with severe physiologic derangements is continued in the intensive care unit. Only when the lethal triad of hypothermia, metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy is corrected does the patient subsequently undergo definitive surgery. Recent studies have better defined the subset of patients that benefit from such an approach. SUMMARY: Application of abbreviated laparotomy has been widely applied in the trauma population. Breaking the pathophysiologic cycle of hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis with this approach has improved survivorship in this critically injured group of patients. The extension of the abbreviated laparotomy concept has also been described in the general surgery population, and raises the possibility of extending this concept to broader surgical fields. PMID: 16810046 [PubMed ‐ indexed for MEDLINE] 

• J Trauma. 2006 Jul;61(1):8‐12; discussion 12‐5. The use of temporary vascular shunts as a damage control adjunct in the management of wartime vascular injury. Rasmussen TE, Clouse WD, Jenkins DH, Peck MA, Eliason JL, Smith DL. 332nd EMDG/Air Force Theater Hospital, Balad Air Base Iraq, APO AE. [email protected] Comment in Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2006 Jun;18(2):147‐8. BACKGROUND: While the use of vascular shunts as a damage control adjunct has been described in series from civilian institutions no contemporary military experience has been reported. The objective of this study is to examine patterns of use and effectiveness of temporary vascular shunts in the contemporary management of wartime vascular injury. MATERIALS: From September 1, 2004 to August 31, 2005, 2,473 combat injuries were treated at the central echelon III surgical facility in Iraq. Vascular injuries were entered into a registry and reviewed. Location of shunts was divided into proximal and distal, and shunt patency, complications and limb viability were examined. RESULTS: There were 126 extremity vascular injuries treated. Fifty‐three (42%) had been operated on at forward locations and 30 of 53 (57%) had temporary shunts in place upon arrival to our facility. The patency for shunts in proximal vascular injuries was 86% (n = 22) compared with 12% (n = 8) for distal shunts (p < 0.05). All shunts placed in proximal venous injuries were patent (n = 4). Systemic heparin was not used and there were no shunt complications. All shunted injuries were reconstructed with vein in theater and early viability for extremities in which shunts were used was 92%. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary vascular shunts are common in the management of wartime vascular injury. Shunts in proximal injuries including veins have high patency rates compared with those placed in distal injuries. This vascular adjunct represents a safe and effective damage control technique and is preferable to attempted reconstruction in austere conditions. PMID: 16832244 [PubMed ‐ indexed for MEDLINE]