wcdma-hsdpa

Objectives

After this section, you will be able to Describe HSDPA introduction technological context List HSDPA main concepts and benefits List HSDPA target applications and services Compare HSDPA approach with existing technologies Describe HSDPA future evolutions

High Speed Data Services Landscape

UMTS

100Base-T T-110Base-T

GPRS EGPRSHSDPA

Bluetooth

Dial-Up Broadband

WiFi

ThroughputThroughput

Mo

bili

tyM

ob

ility

EmergingTechnologies

EmergingTechnologies

OFDM

Standard Evolution

PDC

GSM

IS136

GPRS

1xRTT

1xEV-DO

W-CDMA

1xEV-DV

HSDPA

EDGE

IS95A IS95B 3xEV-DV

2G 3G

Theoretical Peak User Data Rates

0.38 M

EG

PR

S

0.31 M

1xR

TT

2 MW

-CD

MA

2.4M

1xE

V-D

O

3.1M

1xE

V-D

V

14.4M

HS

DP

AE

nh

ance

d U

E

HS

DP

AU

E C

ateg

ory

6

3.6M

HSDPA Key Points

Radio AccessRadio AccessTechnologyTechnology

HighHighThroughputsThroughputs

LowLowLatencyLatency

SharedSharedChannelsChannels

DownlinkDownlinkOnlyOnly

PSPSDedicatedDedicated

• No Fast Power Control (100% of available power used)No Fast Power Control (100% of available power used)• No Variable Spreading (SF = 16)No Variable Spreading (SF = 16)• No Soft Handover (for DL user data channel)No Soft Handover (for DL user data channel)

• Time & Code Multiplexing of User Data (Shared Channel)Time & Code Multiplexing of User Data (Shared Channel)• Adaptive Modulation & Coding (Rate Adaptation)Adaptive Modulation & Coding (Rate Adaptation)• Fast Retransmission / Scheduling Layer in NodeBFast Retransmission / Scheduling Layer in NodeB• Short Radio Framing (2ms)Short Radio Framing (2ms)

Higher UserHigher UserData RatesData Rates

Lower Service Lower Service Response TimeResponse Time

Higher PacketHigher PacketData CapacityData Capacity

Better ServicesBetter ServicesAvailabilityAvailability

HSDPA Main Concepts & Benefits

HSDPAHSDPA

Better End-User Perceived QualityBetter End-User Perceived Quality

HSDPA Market Applications

Multiplayer Gaming Multiplayer Gaming

Video Streaming & TVVideo Streaming & TV

Advertising / News BroadcastAdvertising / News Broadcast

Music & Video DownloadsMusic & Video Downloads

Web SurfingWeb Surfing

......

Virtual OfficeVirtual Office

Corporate VPNCorporate VPN

Remote Applications / ToolsRemote Applications / Tools

Web BrowsingWeb Browsing

Massive DownloadsMassive Downloads

......

Business Market Consumer Market

Working Anywhere!Working Anywhere! Having Fun!Having Fun!

Radio Resource Allocation

Shared Channel

Dedicated Channel

Dedicated Channel

Dedicated Channel

UMTS R4

HSDPA

RateRateAdaptationAdaptation

PowerPowerControlControl

User Throughput Management

UMTS R4

HSDPA

Data Power

Unused Power

100% Power

100%

Data

Unused

Same Throughput

Spectral Efficiency

HSDPA 1xEV-DO

Bandwidth/Carrier

5 MHz 1.25 MHz

Peak Data Rate 3.6 Mbps (Cat. 6) 14.4 Mbps (Cat. 10)

2.4 Mbps

Modulation on Data Channel

QPSK/16QAM QPSK/8PSK/16QAM

Channel Coding Turbo 1/3 Turbo 1/3

L1 Retransmission

HARQ HARQ

Transmission Interval

2 ms 1.6 ms

Sector Throughput

depending on load and environment

depending on load and environment

1xEV-DO

HSDPA5

MH

z

1xRTTVoice & Data

UMTSVoice & Data

1xEV-DO Data

HSDPA Data

1.25

MH

z1.

25M

Hz

1.25

MH

z

time

3 x

1.25

MH

zC

arri

er1

x 5

MH

zC

arri

er

Beyond HSDPA

Release 6Release 6 Release 7Release 7 Release 7Release 7

Th

rou

gh

pu

tT

hro

ug

hp

ut

&&C

apac

ity

Cap

acit

y

HSDPA

HSDPA

OFDMOFDM

HSD

PA

HSD

PAHSU

PA

HSU

PA

MIMOMIMO

HSD

PA

HSD

PAHSU

PA

HSU

PA

Main Technological Concepts

Objectives

After this section, you will be able to List HSDPA key features Describe HSDPA channel operation Describe AMC schemes Describe HARQ process Describe NodeB Scheduler structure Describe Iub Flow Control mechanism

NodeB Role

SchedulerFills the TTIs with one or more users based on their priority

and feedback information

HARQ ProcessesRetransmissions handling, TFRC selection, AMC…

Queue IDs

Radio TransmissionFeedback Reception

Capacity RequestControl FP

Capacity AllocationControl FP Data FP

Flow ControlDynamically fills the Queues of each UE

RNC

HSDPA Channel Operation

HS-SCCHDownlink Transfer Information(UEid, OVSF,...)

HS-PDSCHData Transfer

(PS I/B)

DPCHUpper Layer Signaling

2ms

UE #1UE #2UE #3UE #4UE #5

OVSFcodes

HS-DPCCH Feedback Information

(ACK/NACK, CQI)


HS-DPCCH Feedback Information(ACK/NACK, CQI)

OVSF Code Tree Reservation

SF4

SF8

SF16

SF32

SF64

SF128

SF256

cmCH

. . .

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

. . .

. . .

. . .

SF4

SF8

SF16

SF32

SF64

SF128

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

HSDPA + R4HSDPA + R4

HSDPAHSDPA

AMC Principles

QPSK ¼QPSK ½QPSK ¾16QAM ½16QAM ¾

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Ior/Ioc (dB)

Th

rou

gh

pu

t (k

bp

s)

AMC IllustrationUE Category Reported CQI

CodingRate

ModulationScheme

Number ofOVSF Codes

AM

CA

MC

2m

s

Maximum Throughput

Modulation Schemes

I

Q

0000

00011001

10001010

1011

1110

1111

01001100

1101

0010

0110

0111

0011

0101

11

10

01

00

Q

I

4 bits per symbol960kbps per OVSF1920 bits per TTI

2 bits per symbol480kbps per OVSF

960 bits per TTI

16QAM16QAM

QPSKQPSK

UE Categories

• QPSK mandatory for HSDPA capable UE

• 16-QAM optional

HS-DSCH Category HS-PDSCH Max Number Inter-TTI Min Interval Modulation Max Peak Rate

Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2 Mbps










Category 11 5 2 QPSK only 0.9 Mbps

Category 12 5 1 QPSK only 1.8 Mbps

UE Capabilities and Max Bit Rates

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 1010

15

20

25

C/I (dB)s

oft

CQ

I

Soft CQI vs C/I - Pedestrian_a 1 RX

Category 6 UE CQI Mapping TableCQI

ValueHS-PDSCH

NumberRLC

ThroughputModulation

0 out of range

1 1 0 kbps QPSK

2 1 0 kbps QPSK

3 1 0 kbps QPSK

4 1 0 kbps QPSK

5 1 144 kbps QPSK

6 1 144 kbps QPSK

7 2 144 kbps QPSK

8 2 288 kbps QPSK

9 2 288 kbps QPSK

10 3 432 kbps QPSK

11 3 576 kbps QPSK

12 3 720 kbps QPSK

13 4 864 kbps QPSK

14 4 1008 kbps QPSK

15 5 1296 kbps QPSK

16 5 1440 kbps 16-QAM

... ... ... ...

29 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM

30 5 3024 kbps 16-QAMTarget BLER ≤ 10%

Soft BitsSoft BitsCombiningCombining



RetransmissionRetransmissionManagementManagement

Multiple HARQ Processes

UECategory

6Category 12

3Category 11

6Category 10

6Category 9

6Category 8

6Category 7

6Category 6

6Category 5

3Category 4

3Category 3

2Category 2

2Category 1

HARQProcesses

ACK/NACK

ACK/NACK

ACK/NACK

HSDSCH

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

HARQHARQ

Stop And Wait Principles

Update RV Parameters

Transmit Data

Insert DTXIndication

Nret = Nret + 1Reset & Free

HARQ Process

Wait for Transmission

Wait for ACK/NACK Reception

ACK/NACK/DTX?

Nret > Nret_max

HARQHARQ

UE is Scheduled

ACK

YES

NACK

DTX

NO

TB HARQHARQ

TB HARQHARQ

HSDSCH

ACK/NACK

HARQ Types

Combine

Deliver to Upper Layer

Error?

New Block

Update RV DatabaseRVBlocks

HARQ Blocks DecodingHARQ Blocks Decoding

NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK

DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA

Ch

ase

Ch

ase

Co

mb

inin

gC

om

bin

ing

NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK

DATA DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 DATA4

Incr

emen

tal

Incr

emen

tal

Red

un

dan

cyR

edu

nd

ancy

Co

mb

inin

gC

om

bin

ing

YES

NO

Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)

Transport Channels & Physical Channels

Objectives

After this section, you will be able to Describe new MAC architecture and data flows List the HSDPA coding chains main steps Describe the structure of the new channels and Frame

Protocols Describe the HSDPA specific radio modulation schemes

Content

HSDPA Distributed Architecture

Transport Channels

Channel Coding

Physical Channels

HSDPA Protocol Stack

Uu Iub

MAC-d

RLC

HS-DSCH FPMAC-hs

HS-DSCH FP

RLC

L2 L2

Flow control

PHY PHY L1 L1

New Transport channelHS-DSCH

RNCNodeBUE

HS-SCCHDownlink Transfer Information(UEid, OVSF,...)

HS-PDSCHData Transfer (PS I/B)

HS-DPCCH Feedback Information (CQI, ACK/NACK)


RNC

New Frame ProtocolsHS-DSCH

Introduction of MAC-hs

Iub

MAC-d

MAC-hs

HSDPA Layer2/Layer1 Flows

HS-DSCH

AssociatedUplink

Signaling

AssociatedDownlinkSignaling

DCCH DTCHDTCHMAC Control MAC ControlCCCH CTCHBCCHPCCHMAC Control

RRC (RNC)RRC (RNC)

RLC (RNC)RLC (RNC)

HS-PDSCH

FACH

S-CCPCH

RACH

PRACH

DSCH

PDSCH

DCH

DPCH

CPCH

PCPCH

PCH

S-CCPCHHS-DPCCHHS-SCCH

MAC-c/sh(C-RNC)

MAC-c/sh(C-RNC)

DCH

DPDCH/DPCCH

R4 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R4 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)

MAC-d(S-RNC)

MAC-hs(NodeB)

MAC-hs(NodeB)

MAC-hs Architecture (UTRAN side)

Scheduler

TFRC Selection

Priority QueueDistribution

Priority QueueDistribution

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

PriorityQueue

Flow Control

MAC-d flows

AssociatedUplink Signaling

HS-DSCHAssociated Downlink Signaling

MAC-hs

to MAC-d or MAC-c/sh

HARQ

PriorityQueue

Content


Transport Channels

Channel Coding

Physical Channels

HSDPA Channel Configuration

Layer 1

HS-SCCH HS-DPCCH

TransportChannels

LogicalChannels

PhysicalChannels

DCCH

DCH

DPCH

DTCH

HS-DSCH

HS-PDSCH

DTCH

DCH

DPCCH

DCCH

DCH

DPDCH

HS-DSCH ParametersHigher Layer

RAB RAB DL ?kbps

RLC Logical channel type DTCH

RLC mode AM

Payload sizes, bit 320

Max data rate, bps ? (depends on UE category)

AMD PDU header, bit 16

MAC MAC-d header, bit 0

MAC multiplexing N/A

MAC-d PDU size, bit 336

MAC-hs header fixed part, bit 21

Layer 1 TrCH type HS-DSCH

TB sizes, bit NA

TFS NA

TTI, ms 2

Coding type TC

CRC, bit 24

Max number of bits/TTI after channel coding

NA

RM attribute NA

Content


Transport Channels

Channel Coding

Physical Channels

MAC-hs PDU

VF QID TSN SID N F

1 bit 3 bits 6 bits 3 bits 7 bits 1 bit

MAC-hs Header

21 bits

MAC-hs SDU PaddingMAC-hs SDU

MAC-hs Payload

. . .

HS-DSCH Coding Chain

CRC attachment

Bit Scrambling

Code Block Segmentation

Turbo Coding

HARQ Entity

Physical Channel Segmentation

HS-DSCH Interleaving

Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)

Physical Channel Mapping

R4 Functionality

New Functionality

R4 Modified Functionality

HS-SCCH Coding ChainRV Coding

MUX

CRC

UE Masking

MUX

CC 1/3

Rate Matching

s, r, b

UEId

CC 1/3

Puncturing

CC 1/3

UE Masking

Rate Matching

MUX

Modulation SchemeOVSF Code Set NDITBS HARQ

Slot #0: Code Set, Modulation Slot #1: TBS, HARQ Slot#2: RV, NDI

TSUBFRAME = 2ms

Content


Transport Channels

Channel Coding

Physical Channels

HS-PDSCH

TSLOT = 2560 chips, Ndata bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2

Data bits

TSUBFRAME = 2ms

Slot

Format

Channel Bit

Rate

Channel Symbol

rate

SF Bits per

Subframe

Ndata

0 (QPSK) 480 kbps 240 ksps 16 960 320

1

(16QAM)

960 kbps 240 ksps 16 1920 640

Slot

Format

Channel Bit

Rate

Channel Symbol

rate

SF Bits per

Subframe

Bits per

Slot

0 60 kbps 30 ksps 128 120 40

HS-SCCH

TSLOT = 2560 chips = 40 bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2

Data bits

TSUBFRAME = 2ms

HS-DPCCH

Slot

Format

Channel Bit

Rate

Channel Symbol

rate

SF Bits per

Subframe

Bits per

Slot

0 15 kbps 15 ksps 256 30 10

TSLOT = 2560 chips = 10 bits

ACK/NACK CQI

TFRAME = 10ms

Subframe #2Subframe #0 Subframe #4Subframe #1 Subframe #3

Radio Interface Timing

HS-SCCH#2

ACK ACK ACK

7,5 slots

HS-SCCH#1

HS-PDSCH

achNackRepetitionFactor = 2

2 ms

HS-DPCCH

P-CPICH

2 slots

SFNBFN tcell

Downlink Modulationx

Q

I

Scrambling

HS-PDSCH S/P ModulationMapper OVSFhs

x

+ x nk, nk+1, nk+2, nk+3

i1q1i2q2I Q

0000 0000 0.4472 0.44720001 0001 0.4472 1.34160100 0010 1.3416 0.44720101 0011 1.3416 1.34160010 0100 0.4472 -0.44720011 0101 0.4472 -1.34160110 0110 1.3416 -0.44720111 0111 1.3416 -1.34161000 1000 -0.4472 0.44721001 1001 -0.4472 1.34161100 1010 -1.3416 0.44721110 1011 -1.3416 1.34161010 1100 -0.4472 -0.44721011 1101 -0.4472 -1.34161110 1110 -1.3416 -0.44721111 1111 -1.3416 -1.3416

nk, nk+1iq I Q

00 00 1 101 01 1 -110 10 -1 111 11 -1 -1

QPSK

16QAM

Uplink Modulation

x

OVSFd1 d

DPDCH2x

x

OVSFd2 d

DPDCH4x

x

OVSFd3 d

DPDCH6x

x

OVSFc c

DPCCH x

x

OVSFhs hs

HS-DPCCH x

x

OVSFd1 d

DPDCH1x

x

OVSFd2 d

DPDCH3x

x

OVSFd3 d

DPDCH5x

x

OVSFhs hs

HS-DPCCH x

if Nmax-DPDCH = 0, 1, 3, 5

if Nmax-DPDCH = 2, 4, 6

wcdma-hsdpa

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