wavin sewer sytem

1Wavinsewer Systems

PIONEERS IN PLASTIC

Wavin is Europes largestmanufacturer of industrial plasticproducts, and one of the largestproducers of plastic pipe and fittingsin the world.

Owned equally by the OverijsselWater Authority in Holland andShell, Wavin is credited withinventing and pioneering the use ofplastic pipe for water distribution.The company has grownspectacularly since its formation in1955. It now employs over 4,500people, operating within 25countries, with a rapidly developingbase in Central and Eastern Europe.

Constant research anddevelopment have put Wavin in theforefront of plastics technology. Ithas over 17,500 different types ofplastics products world-wide andlicenses its technology tomanufacturers outside the Group inover 30 countries.

WAVIN IRELANDLIMITED

Wavin has been the leadingsupplier of plastics pipes and fittingsfor 40 years. Initial pipe productionat Cian Park, Drumcondra in 1957led to the commissioning of themanufacturing complex atBalbriggan some five years later.Production now extends into a widerange of above and below groundplumbing and drainage systems.

Wavins success in Ireland hasbeen achieved by paying closeattention to product quality,innovation and development and bycreating a special relationship withsuppliers and customers.

Ongoing investment in plant andtooling underlines the confidenceWavin place in their future asIrelands leading plastics pipe andfittings manufacturer.

WAVINSEWER

Wavinsewer is firmly establishedas the leading unplasticizedPolyvinyl Chloride (PVC-U) housedrain and sewer system in Ireland.

The system includes pipes andfittings in nine diameters from110mm to 450mm plus twoadditional sizes of the newgeneration of Wavin TRITEC drainand sewer pipes in 160mm and9 inch diameters.

New Wavin TRITEC pipes aremanufactured in PVC-U by a uniqueprocess which produces threedistinct layers to provide strength,durability and a greater flowcapacity. They are covered by theIrish Agrment Board Certificate No.97/0089.

All other pipes and fittings in theWavinsewer range conform with therequirements of Local GovernmentSpecification 1977 or IS. 424:1990.

The range offers a wide variety ofcomponents such as Bends,Branches, Channel Fittings, Gullies,Grease Traps, Access Junctions andRoad Gullies.

Wavinsewer is designed forburied gravity drain and sewerapplications such as foul anddomestic drains and sewers, surfaceand stormwater drains and sewers,sewage treatment and roaddrainage.

CONTENTS

PagePipe Dimensions 2Abbreviations 2Product Range 3 - 18Design Information 19 - 23

Typical Properties of PVC-U 19

Structural Properties of PVC-U 19

Summary of Standard Tests 19Hydraulic Properties 20Gradients 20Grease Traps

Design Guidelines 20Flow Charts 21 - 23

Handling, Storage, Transport,Inspection, Installation 24 - 39

Handling 24Storage 24Transport 25Inspection 25Installation 25 - 39

Principles 25Excavation 25 - 26Underbed 26 - 27Pipelaying 27 - 28Backfill 28Connection into Sewers 28Connection to Other

Materials 28 - 29Jointing 29 - 30Wavin Access Junctions 30 - 31Sealed Access Fittings 31 - 32Open Channel Manholes 32 - 34Gullies 34 - 37

Traditional Gully 34Universal Gully 34 - 35Bottle Gully 35 - 36Yard Gully 36Road Gully 36 - 37

Grease Traps 37 - 38Suspended Drainage 38 - 39

Testing 39 - 40Repairs 40Maintenance 40Cleaning 40Appendix 41General Information 42

Wavinsewer Systems

2

PIPE DIMENSIONS

WAVIN TRITEC PIPES

(All dimensions are in mm except where inches are indicated)Nominal Mean Individual Pipe Wall Inner SkinSize OD OD Thickness Wall Thickness OD Min Max Min Max Min Min

160 160.0 160.6 157.1 163.5 3.9 0.5

9" 244.1 244.8 240.9 247.3 6.25 0.6

WAVIN PIPES TO IS 424:1990

(All dimensions are in mm)Nominal Outside Wall Mean AverageSize Diameter Thickness Internal Weight

Min Max Min Max Diameter (kg/m)

110 110.0 110.4 3.0 3.5 103.7 1.63

160 160.0 160.5 4.0 4.6 151.6 3.17

200 200.0 200.6 4.9 5.6 189.8 4.53

250 250.0 250.7 6.2 7.1 237.0 7.20

315 315.0 316.0 7.7 8.78 299.1 11.32

355 355.0 356.1 8.7 9.8 337.0 14.41

400 400.0 401.2 9.8 11.0 379.8 18.29

450 450.0 451.4 11.0 12.3 427.4 23.45

WAVIN PIPES TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTSPECIFICATION 1977

(All dimensions are in mm except where inches are indicated)Nominal Outside Wall Mean AverageSize Diameter Thickness Internal Weight

Min Max Min Max Diameter (kg/m)

110 110.0 110.4 2.6 3.1 104.5 1.34

160 160.0 160.5 3.7 4.3 152.2 2.77

9" 244.1 244.8 5.9 6.8 231.7 6.72

ABBREVIATIONS

P/E Pipes and Fittings with both ends plain or with one plainend and one special end.

S/S Pipe and Fittings with one or more ring-seal or plainsocket, but always with one plain or special end.

D/S Fittings with ring-seal or plain sockets at all ends.

3Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

Pipes

P/E Pipe 6 metre

Nominal ProductSize Code

110 D3760

160 D3756

160 TRITEC D3797

200 E4513

9" E4503

9" TRITEC E4528

250 E4514

315 E4509

355 E4506

400 E4510

450 E4508

S/S Pipe 6 metre

Nominal Product ASize Code

110 D3774 65

160 D3775 80

160 TRITEC D3796 80

200 E4252 111

9" E4504 111

9" TRITEC E4529 111

250 E4518 111

315 E4507 133

Couplers

D/S Pipe Coupler (WS 1)for jointing pipes

Nominal Product A BSize Code

110 D4001 132 5

160 D4002 163 5

200 E5001 256 6

9 E5002 256 6

250 E3157 256 6

315 E5009 230 10

355 E5007 328 45

400 E5041 380 52

450 E2848 630 -

Repair Coupler

D/S Repair Couplerfor repairs and new branch entry connections


110 D4108 132

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

4

Branches

D/S Branch 45 (WS 2)

Nominal Product A B CSize Code

110 x 110 D4003 146 198 93

160 x 160 D4004 220 305 145

160 x 110 D4005 167 263 68

S/S Branch 45 (WS 2)

Nominal Product A B C D E FSize Code

200 x 110 E5052 300 340 140 - - -

200 x 160 E5010 300 340 140 - - -

9" x 110 E5106 235 570 111 65 128 162

9" x 160 E5006 225 640 111 80 128 162

250 x 110 E5096 235 570 111 65 128 162

250 x 160 E5202 255 640 111 80 128 162

250 x 200 E5102 270 700 111 89 128 162

315 x 110 E5114 270 650 133 65 146 198

315 x 160 E5015 290 720 133 80 146 198

315 x 200 E5234 305 780 133 89 146 198

P/E x S/S Branch 45 (WS 2)


355 x 160 E5022

400 x 160 E5045 Fabricated to order

450 x 160 E5121

D/S Branch 8712 (WS 2A)


110 x 110 D4006 161 122 164

S/S Branch 8712 (WS 2A)


160 x 160 D4127 250 187 251 - - -

160 x 110 D4115 250 156 203 - - -

200 x 200 E5012 200 545 80 89 121 133

9" x 9" E5099 225 645 111 111 128 162

250 x 250 E5174 225 645 111 111 128 162

315 x 315 E5023 260 795 133 133 146 198

5Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

P/E Branch 8712 (WS 2A)


355 x 355 E5196

400 x 400 E5138 Fabricated to order

450 x 450 E5158

Saddles

S/S Unequal Saddle 45 (WS 3)solvent application


200 x 110 E5199 220 350

200 x 160 E5201 220 350

9" x 110 E4009 250 400

9" x 160 E4010 250 400

250 x 110 E4009 250 400

250 x 160 E4010 250 400

315 x 110 E4011 350 450

315 x 160 E4012 375 500

355 x 110 E5185 370 450

355 x 160 E5182 395 500

400 x 110 E5154 390 450

400 x 160 E5156 415 500

Short Radius Bends

S/S Short Radius Bend 15 (WS 5)24 per circle


110 D4028 77 85 158

160 D4029 135 121 276



110 D4030 96 90 174

160 D4031 145 131 272



110 D4032 102 100 173

160 D4033 157 136 247

200 E5208 157 146 280

250 E5086 - - -

315 E5027 - - -

355 E5226 - - -

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

6



110 D4034 155 154 212

S/S Short Radius Bend 8712 (WS 5)4 per circle approx


110 D4038 186 182

160 D4039 269 258

200 E5210 205 216

250 E5030 - -

315 E5031 - -

355 E5266 - -

D/S Short Radius Bend 45 (WS 5A)8 per circle


110 D4019 103 103 176

D/S Short Radius Bend 8712 (WS 5A)4 per circle approx.


110 D4040 190 185

Short Radius Segmental Bends

S/S Short Radius Segmental Bend 15 (WS 5)24 per circle


9" E5097 235 265 440



9" E5125 290 290 500

7Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE



9" E5025 335 350 590

400 E5107 488 500 915



9" E5029 455 411

400 E5165 685 411

Adjustable Bends

S/S Adjustable Bend 0 to 30for variable angles up to 30, rotate segments to achieve the right angle.


110 D4330 97 90 180

D/S Adjustable Bend 0 to 30for variable angles up to 30, rotate segments to achieve the right angle.


110 D4332 97 97 184

Long Radius Bends

S/S Long Radius Bend 2212 (WS 6)16 per circle

Nominal Product A RSize Code

110 D4043 520 380

160 D4044 665 560

200 E5034 820 830

9" E5038 980 1030

250 E5042 980 1030

315 E5056 1375 1520

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

8

P/E Long Radius Bend 2212 (WS 6)16 per circle


355 E5220 1855 1750

400 E5135 2250 2010

450 E5163 2400 2300



110 D4045 710 380

160 D4046 805 560

200 E5033 1020 830

9" E5037 1228 1030

250 E5040 1228 1030

315 E5055 1875 1520

P/E Long Radius Bend 45 (WS 6)8 per circle


355 E5158 2125 1750

400 E5168 2435 2010

450 E5143 2770 2300



110 D4047 650 380

160 D4048 930 690

200 E5032 1140 830

9" E5036 1385 1030

250 E5040 1385 1030

315 E5044 1925 1520

Mid Radius Bends

D/S Moulded Mid Radius Bend 45 (WS 6A)with cut out marks to convert bend to a Channel Bend for use on traditional manholes.

Nominal Product A R USize Code

110 D4169 273 250 165

9Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

D/S Moulded Mid Radius Rest Bend -8712 (WS 6A)satisfies recommendations of BS 5572:1944 for base of soil stack applications. Manufactured with cut out marks to convert bend to a Channel Bend for use within traditional manholes.

Nominal Product A B R USize Code

110 D4112 290 282 250 340

Channel Fittings

S/S Straight Channel (WS 7)

Nominal Product A USize Code

110 x 24" D4050 1220 595

110 x 36" D4052 1525 890

160 x 24" D4053 1220 595

160 x 36" D4055 1525 890

200 x 48" E5058 1800 1095

9" x 48" E5059 1800 1095

250 x 48" E5235 1800 1095

315 x 48" E5061 1800 1095

P/E Straight Channel (WS 7)

Nominal Product A USize Code

355 x 48" E5129 1800 1095

400 x 48" E5130 1800 1095

450 x 48" E5146 1800 1095

S/S Long Radius Curved Invert Channel 45 (WS 8)


110 D4062 680 380 325

160 D4063 1180 560 600

200 E5063 1250 830 700

9" E5068 1770 1030 890

250 E5072 1770 1030 890

315 E5076 2100 1520 890

P/E Long Radius Curved Invert Channel 45 (WS 8)


355 E5159 2295 1750 1000

400 E5160 2600 2010 900

450 E5161 2955 2300 1000

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

10

S/S Long Radius Curved Invert Channel 90 (WS 8)

Nominal Product A B R USize Code

110 D4143 590 910 380 560

160 D4069 900 1350 690 730

200 E5062 1170 950 830 700

9" E5067 1860 2800 1030 900

250 E5071 1860 2800 1030 900

315 E5057 2165 3250 1520 900

S/S Curved Channel Branch 8712 (WS 9)


110 D4129 LH 240 124 182

110 D4128 RH 240 124 182

160 D4131 LH 300 144 196

160 D4130 RH 300 144 196

Cleaning Eyes

P/E Cleaning Eye (WS 12)with screwed access

Nominal Product A DSize Code

110 D4077 63 137

160 D4078 86 196

Adaptors

D/S Spigot Adaptor (WS 13)to cast iron and clay spigot

Nominal Product A B C DSize Code

110 D4079 167 66 75 153

160 D4080 210 90 100 216

S/S Spigot Adaptor (WS 13)to cast iron and clay spigot


200 E5087 291 250

9" E5088 291 300

250 E5082 291 300

315 E5090 313 395

11

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

S/S Socket Adaptor (WS 14)to cast iron and clay socket


110 D4081 71 148

160 D4082 94 210

S/S Spigot Adaptor to land drainage pipe


110 x 90 D4364 125 62 54

Stoppers

P/E Plain Stopper (WS 19)


110 D4088 45 137

160 D4089 91 192

200 E5237 96 215

9" E5103 125 326

315 E5119 139 380

Reducers

S/S Level Invert Reducer (WS 20A)


160 x 110 D4113 186 118

200 x 160 E4238 186 153

S/S Concentric Reducer (WS 20A)


200 x 160 E5148 350 90 115

9" x 160 E5100 355 90 135

250 x 160 E5236 355 90 135

315 x 9" E5015 565 135 165

110mm Wavin Access Junctions (WAJ)

Cover and Frame for WAJ

Nominal Product D1 D2 D3 H ASize Code

315 x 315 D4492 335 315 312 40 25

For use with 110mm WAJ's

Sealed cover option available on request.

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

12

Riser for WAJ


150 D4183 316 160 315


D/S Straight Through WAJ (WAJ 1)


110 D4150 472 315

Top of cover to WAJ invert 270mm

D/S 90 Bend WAJ (WAJ 2)

Nominal Product A D FSize Code

110 D4151 LH/RH 472 315 241


D/S 90 WAJ (WAJ 3 & WAJ 13)

Nominal Product A B C D FSize Code

110 D4152 LH 472 236 236 315 241

110 D4157 RH 472 236 236 315 241

Left hand illustrated


D/S 45 WAJ (WAJ 4 & WAJ 12)

Nominal Product A D ESize Code

110 D4153 LH 472 315 160

110 D4156 RH 472 315 160



13

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

D/S 45 Twin WAJ (WAJ 5)

Nominal Product A D ESize Code

110 D4101 472 315 160


D/S 90 & 45 WAJ (WAJ 7 & WAJ 16)


110 D4158 LH 472 236 236 315 160 241

110 D4154 RH 472 236 236 315 160 241




Nominal Product A B C D FSize Code

110 D4159 472 236 236 315 241


\

160mm Wavin Access Junctions (WAJ)

Light Cast Iron Cover With PVC-U Skirt

Nominal Product D1 F1 F2 H1 H2Size Code

D4480 160 355 290 578 384

Suitable for light traffic onlyFor use with 160mm WAJ's.

P/E Corrugated Riser Shaft

Nominal Product D1 D2 HSize Code

D4471 315 354 1000


Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

14

D/S Straight Through WAJ (WAJ 1)

Nominal Product D1 D2 H L ZSize Code

160 D4461 160 355 290 578 384

H = height overall

D/S 45 Left Hand WAJ (WAJ 4)


160 D4464 160 355 290 578 384

H = height overall



160 D4465 160 355 290 578 384

H = height overall

D/S 45 Right Hand (WAJ 12)


160 D4462 160 355 290 578 384

H = height overall

Sealed Access Junctions

D/S Sealed Inspection Pipewith bolted rectangular cover and sealing ring


110 D4248 397 230 105

160 D4249 519 268 154

15

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

D/S Equal Single Sealed Inspection Junction 45with bolted rectangular cover and sealing ring.


110 D4250 RH 397 230 105 141

160 D4251 RH 498 268 154 215

110 D4252 LH 397 230 105 141

160 D4253 LH 498 268 154 215

Right hand illustrated

D/S Equal Twin Sealed Inspection Junction 45with bolted rectangular cover and sealing ring.


110 D4254 RH 520 377 105 160

110 D4255 LH 520 377 105 160


Gullies

Gully Risergrating not included


110 D4192 164 150

Gully Grating (spare)


110 D4149 150

S/S Plain Gullyincluding grating and outlet bend

Nominal Product A B C D ESize Code

110 D4092 164 340 265 175 55

S/S Universal Gully Trapfor use with Universal and Adjustable Gully Hoppers


110 D4137 220 306 175 220

Overall depth to invert including D4118 Hopper 395mm

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

16

P/E Universal Gully Hopperwith all bosses closed


110 D4118 164 237 175 165

P/E Adjustable Gully Hopper


110 D4138 164 20 108 118

S/S Bottle Gullywith all bosses closed


110 D4308 228 57 317 157

Sealed Access Cover for Bottle Gullycomplete with sealing ring and screws


D4311 217

P/E Trapped Yard Gully 300mm diameterprovides access to surface water drainage system for cleaning, supplied with removable rubber bung.


110 D4095 600 305 305 430

Material: Polyethylene

Yard Gully Catchment Bucketfor use with D4095 Yard Gully


D4097 225 245

Material: Perforated, galvanised mild steel

17

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

P/E Trapped Road Gully 450mm diameter x 900mm invert


160 D4139 900 465 444 770

Capacity: 100 litresMaterial: Polyethylene

S/S Road Gully Adaptorfor connection to 160mm WavinSewer


160 D4147 121 42 161

Grease Traps

Grease Trapflow rate 1 l/sec

Nominal Product A B C DSize(litres) Code

40 D4501 1000 700 670 690

E F G H

700 530 475 500

Material: GRP

Inlet/outlet: 110mm



80 D4502 1580 1200 1080 925

E F G H

680 400 440 490

Material: GRP

Inlet/outlet: 110mm

Wavinsewer Systems

PRODUCT RANGE

18



160 D4503 1800 1430 1150 950

E F G H

1320 950 1080 1130

Material: GRP

Inlet/Outlet: 110mm


Nominal Product A B C D ESize (litres) Code

320 D4504 2440 1275 1035 1040 1090

Material: GRP

Inlet/Outlet: 110mm

Unless noted otherwise:1. All dimensions are in mm.2. Material: unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC-U).3. Colour: Golden brown.4. Product drawings generally refer to the 110mm size. Larger size fittings are not drawn in proportion.

Typical Properties of PVC-U

Property Value

Specific Gravity 1.42 at 20C

Specific Heat 0.24 cal/gC

Thermal Conductivity 1.6 W/mC

Coefficient of Linear Expansion (6-8) x 10-5 /C

Vicat Softening Temperature (Min) Pipe: 79CFittings: 77 C

Modulus of Elasticity 3000 N/mm2

Poisson's Ratio 1:3

Tensile Strength at Yield at 3mm/minute 45kN/mm2 (min) at 20C

Elongation at Break at 3 mm/minute 80% (min) at 20C

Structural Properties of PVC-U

The material and structural properties required forPVC-U pipes and fittings used for drain and sewerapplications are set out in IS.424:1990, LocalGovernment Specification 1977, BS 4660:1973, BS5481:1977 and ISO/DIS 4435. Product testing requirescareful control of sampling methods and laboratoryconditions.

Wavin products are designed and produced to theserequirements.

Summary of Standard Tests

IS ISO/DIS BS BS424 4435 4460 5481

Product Test 1990 1978 1973 1977

Material Deformation Temperature Colour & Colour Fastness

Pipes Alkali & Acid Resistance Tensile Strength Elongation at Break Stress Rupture Heat Reversion Impact Strength Hydrostatic Pressure

Fittings & Assemblies Elevated Temp. Cycling Stress Relief Drop Test Hydrostatic Pressure Diameter Distortion Angular Deflection Temp. Cycling and Loading Negative Pressure

19

Wavinsewer Systems

DESIGN INFORMATION

Wavinsewer Systems

DESIGN INFORMATION

Hydraulic Properties

Velocity and DischargeThe Colebrook-White Formula should be used for the

design of Wavinsewer systems. Where considerablenumbers of branch drains are intercepted or othercauses of head loss occur, it is suggested that they beallowed for by a reduction in the sewer capacity. In mostcases, a reduction of 5% will probably be adequate.

The Formula states:ks 2.51v

V = 22gdi log [3.7d + d2gdi]

For pipes not flowing full, the Colebrook-White formulais expressed as follows:

ks 1.256vV = 32gmi log [14.8m + m32gmi]

where V = Mean velocity in m/sd = Internal pipe diameter in metresg = Gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s2

i = Hydraulic gradientk = Pipe wall roughness in metresv = Kinematic viscosity of water at 15C

= 1.146 x 10-6 m2/sm = Hydraulic radius

= Wet cross sectional area (m2)Wet perimeter (m)

Proportional Velocity and Discharge chart

Gradients

Minimum drain sizes and gradients for foul waterbuilding drainage should be as follows:

a) For drains taking small flows or when continuousflows containing solid matter are less than 1 litre persecond, or when the drain is long, the gradient for110mm drains should be 1:40 minimum fall.

b) Single dwelling discharging to septic tank or sewer;110m drain at 1:60 minimum fall.

c) One WC in each of up to 5 housing units; 110mmdrain at 1:70 minimum fall.

d) One WC in each of 5 to 10 housing units; 110mmdrain at 1:80 minimum fall.

e) One WC in each of 5 to 150 housing units; 160mmdrain at 1:150 minimum fall.

Maximum gradients giving a velocity of 5m/sec arepossible with Wavinsewer as the deposition of solids orpipe erosion are no longer problems.

Turbulence at manholes can lead to fouling at highvelocities and provision to reduce this should beconsidered at the design stage.

Grease Traps

Design Guidelines

1. The rate of flow into the Trap should be calculated inaccordance with BS 8301:1985.

2. Average grease/fats produced = 0.0125 litres/head/day.

3. Every 1 litre/second inflow to the Trap requires40 litres of grease storage capacity.

4. Rate of Inflow Retention Time Less than 2 litres/sec 2 minutes

2 9 litres /sec 3 minutes10 19 litres/sec 4 minutes20 litres/sec 5 minutes

5. Discharge/Output FlowUp to 400 meals per day 2 litres/secEvery additional 100 meals 0.25 litres/secAutomatic Dishwasher 1 litre/sec

6. The Trap should have a surface area of 0.25 squaremetres for every litre/sec inflow.

7. The temperature of the inflow to the Trap should notexceed 40 C.

8. The temperature of the effluent from the Trap shouldnot exceed 30 C.

20

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Wavinsewer Systems

DESIGN INFORMATION

21

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Wavinsewer Systems

DESIGN INFORMATION

22

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0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.00

90.

008

0.00

70.

006

0.00

5

0.00

4

0.00

3

0.00

2

0.00

1

Hydraulic Gradient

(

H

L

)

Hydraulic Gradient

(

H

L

)

Velo

city

: met

res/

seco

nd

pipe s

ize mm110

160

200

250

315

355

400

450

3.0

2.5

2.25

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

Wavinsewer Systems

DESIGN INFORMATION

23

k s:

0.6

mm

Dis

char

ge:

litre

s per

sec

ond

Tem

per

atur

e: 1

5C

50

0

70

0

900

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9 10

20

3

0

40

5

0 6

0 7

0 80

901

00

2

00

300

4

00

6

00

800

100

0

1

2

3

4 5

6

7

8

9 10

20

3

0

40

5

0

7

0

90

2

00

300

4

00

6

00

800

100

0

6

0

80

1

0050

0

70

0 9

00

Dis

char

ge:

litre

s per

sec

ond

Flow

Chart

for

Wavi

nse

wer

in s

lim

ed c

ondit

ion

Slim

ed t

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hal

f dep

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city

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hen

flow

ing

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ull, a

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x. 0

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0.1

0.

090.

080.

07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

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90.

008

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0.00

5

0.00

4

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2

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0.04

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0.02

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008

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70.

006

0.00

5

0.00

4

0.00

3

0.00

2

0.00

1

Hydraulic Gradient

(

H

L

)

Hydraulic Gradient

(

H

L

)

Velo

city

: met

res/

seco

nd

pipe s

ize mm110

160

200

250

315

355

400

450

2.5

2.25

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

HANDLING

Care should be exercised at alltimes in handling pipes to avoiddamage to the pipe surface or topipe ends which have beenchamfered or otherwise preparedfor jointing.

On no account should pipes bedragged along the ground.

The impact strength of PVC-U isreduced somewhat at temperaturesbelow 10C, therefore even morecare in handling should be exercisedin cold conditions.

Loading and UnloadingWhen loading and unloading

bundles mechanically, use eithernylon belt type slings or fork lifttrucks with smooth forks. Metalslings, hooks or chains must notcome into direct contact with thepipe.

Pipes should always be laid downgently and should never be droppedonto a hard surface.

Pipes at the top of a stack shouldalways be the first to be removed.

Where pipes have beentransported one inside another, theinnermost pipe should be removedfirst.

Figure 1. Handling of blockbundles

STORAGE

PipesPipes should be given adequate

support at all times. They should bestored on a reasonably flat surface,free from stones and sharpprojections so that the pipe is

supported throughout its length.This can be achieved by bedding ona layer of sand.

Side supports should be providedat intervals of not more than 2metres and should preferablyconsist of battens not less than 75mm wide.

Pipes should not be stacked morethan 2.5m high and pipes ofdifferent sizes should be stackedseparately.

Pipes should not be stored onepipe inside another.

Socketed pipes should be stackedin layers with the sockets protrudingand pointing in opposite directionsin alternate layers so that each pipehas an even bearing throughout itsentire barrel length. Care should betaken to ensure that no load iscarried by the sockets.

Pipes should at all times bestored in such a manner that theends are not exposed to the dangerof damage.

On no account should pipes bestored in a stressed or bentcondition or near a heat source.

Pipes of different sizes should bestacked separately.

On site, stacks of pipe should notbe climbed upon. Pipes should notbe walked on or dropped on theground, but should be carefullyhandled at all times.

On exposed sites whereunauthorised interference mayoccur, the stacks should be suitablysecured to prevent dislodgement.

Fittings and LubricantRubber rings, gaskets and all

fittings should be stored so as toavoid damage to them, orcontamination by oils, petrol orgreases.

It is most important that allrubber items be stored in a cool,dry, dark place so as not to beexposed to the light.

Storage of fittings on site or inlong term storage should beretained in their original containersor in suitable bins until required foruse. Contamination by earth, mud,dirty water, oils and greases shouldbe avoided.

When not in use, lubricantcontainers should be kept shut toprevent the entry of dirt and dust.

Wavinsewer Systems

HANDLING, STORAGE, TRANSPORT, INSPECTION AND INSTALLATION

24

Figure 2. Storage of loose pipes on the ground

Figure 3. Storage of loose pipes on bearers

2m

75mm bearing width

1m spacing maximum

2m

or

7 la

yers

max

.

Wavinsewer Systems

TRANSPORT, INSPECTION AND INSTALLATION

25

TRANSPORT

VehicleA flat floored vehicle should be

used to transport pipes. Its floorshould be free from nails or othersharp projections. It is particularlystressed that there should be noprojecting battens at the end orelsewhere on the truck floor whichwould prevent the pipe being evenlysupported.

Loading and TransportIn no case should pipes overhang

the vehicle by more than 0.6m.Socketed pipes should be stacked

in layers with the sockets protrudingand pointing in opposite directionsin alternate layers. Care should betaken to ensure that no load iscarried by the sockets in the bottomlayer.

Pipe loads stacked higher than2.5m are not recommended.

In the case of mixed loads, thickwalled pipes should be locatedbeneath the lighter pipes.

Pipes may be transported oneinside another provided that:a) the pipes are clean and free from

grit,b) suitable covering be provided

over the exposed ends of thepipes to prevent the entry of gritduring transport,

c) the pipes in the lower layers arenot excessively loaded, ie., tosuch a degree as would causedamage or undue distortion, and

d) the pipes be off-loaded onarrival, the smaller diameterpipes being removed first.During transport, the pipes

should be protected from damage atall times.

Small lots of pipe should besecured in bundles which may beeasily handled manually. The pipesshould be provided with adequateside support and should beeffectively secured to avoid relativemovement during transport. Sidesupports should be provided at notmore than 1.2m intervals. Theseuprights should be flat and free fromsharp edges.

Where timber framed bundles ofpipe are transported one on top ofanother, care should be taken toensure that the frames are sosecured that they cannot moverelative to one another throughouttransport.

It is important that the vehicle bedriven at all times in such a mannerthat no damage to the pipes mayoccur during transport.

Figure 4. Transport of loose pipes

Transport and Off-loading on SiteEfficient means for transporting

the pipes on site should beprovided. These should be such thatthe pipe is adequately supported atall times and that it is not subjectedto excessive stresses. Care shouldbe taken that damage to pipes byvibration, knocks and scratchesdoes not occur. Similar care shouldbe exercised in offloading andensuring that there is adequatesupport and protection for the pipeswhen placed along the trench orroad margin prior to laying. On site,no pipe should be transported oneinside another.

INSPECTION ONDELIVERY

GeneralAll deliveries and off-loading at

site should be supervised by thepurchasers representative.

Pipes and fittings should beexamined for signs of damagebefore acceptance.

The markings on the pipes shouldbe checked to ensure that theycomply with the requirements of thespecification against which the pipeswere purchased.

InspectionIf there is any evidence that the

load has shifted or shows signs ofrough treatment or has not beenhandled and stacked asrecommended, then each pipeshould be inspected for damagebefore acceptance. Otherwise,ordinary inspection while unloadingshould be adequate to ensure thatpipes and fittings have arrived inacceptable condition.

INSTALLATION

PrinciplesFlexible pipes such as those made

from PVC-U do not readily fractureunder load, but are liable todeformation. They rely considerablyon the immediate surrounding fill toresist circumferential deformation.Accordingly, PVC-U flexible pipelinesshould be surrounded by non-cohesive material as specified inthese recommendations and it is ofprime importance that the fillmaterial be properly compacted toprevent excessive deformation ofthe pipe.

In order to avoid interferencewith flow, deformation should belimited to 5% on completion of thebackfilling which can only beachieved by proper compaction ofthe backfill. It is essential to avoidhigh stress concentrations and sosharp objects or large stones shouldnot be allowed to come into contactwith the surface of the pipe.

The flexible nature of PVC-Uenables it to accommodate mostlongitudinal deformations resultingfrom ground movement or fromdifferential settlement.

Excavation, underbedand pipelaying

Excavation

TrenchAs a general rule, trenching

should not be carried out too farahead of pipe laying. Backfillingshould take place as soon aspossible.

The trench should be kept asnarrow as practicable but mustallow adequate room for jointing thepipes and placing and compactingthe backfill. Trenches should beexcavated with vertical sides to aheight of 300mm above the top ofthe pipe. The trench bottom shouldcomply with the limiting widths setout in Table 1.

Table 1. Trench widths

Nominal Width of Trench Pipe Size (mm)

(mm) Min Max

110 450 600160 450 600200 600 7009" 600 700

250 600 700315 700 850355 750 900400 800 950450 850 1000

Trench BottomIn all cases, the trench should be

excavated to a depth which willallow for laying the pipes on aprepared underbed. The trenchbottom should be carefullyexamined for the presence of softspots and hard objects such asstones, rock projections or treeroots, which should be removed andfilled with well tamped beddingmaterial.

Where a delay in pipe laying isenvisaged, the bottom layer of300mm should not be removed untilthe permanent material is about tobe placed in order to avoiddeterioration of the formation.

SpoilThe excavated spoil should be

kept at least 0.5m back from theedge of the trench and all loosestones removed from the side of thespoil heap remote from the trench.

Depth of CoverNormally, pipes should be laid

with a cover, measured from the topof the pipe to the surface of theground, of not less than:

1.2m under roads,1.0m in agricultural land, 0.5m in gardens within curtilageof dwellings.Where such cover is not

practicable, the designer shouldspecify alternative methods ofprotection. The designer should takeinto consideration in his design anyconditions, existing or envisaged,which might adversely affect theperformance of the pipes.

When future landscaping or otherdevelopment works are envisaged,sufficient depth should be allowedover the pipes to ensure that theloadbearing capacity of the pipelinewill not be exceeded due tosurcharge and/or surface loads.

Underbed

GeneralThe prepared underbed should

consist of bedding material laid tothe correct gradient and depth overthe full width of the trench asexcavated and should give uniformsupport to the pipe over its entirelength.

Depth of BeddingIn normal clay excavation, the

thickness of the bedding under thebarrel of the pipe should be not lessthan 100mm. In rock, a thickness ofat least 150mm should be allowed.In very soft conditions, the thicknessof the bedding should be as directedby the designer.

Bedding MaterialBedding material may be either:

a) Granular Aggregate Complying with the requirements

of Table 1 of IS. 5 Aggregates forConcrete as follows:

Pipe Size Material

110mm to 250mm:10mm nominal

single-sized aggregate.

Pipe Size Material

315mm and greater:10, 14 or 20mm

nominal single-sized aggregate

or 14-5 or 20-5mm nominal size

graded aggregate.

When using the above material,no special compaction is required.

Figure 5. Pipes bedded in granularmaterial

b) Imported Sand or Sand/GravelMixtureIn special cases when approved

by the designer and client, importedsand or sand/gravel mixture notcomplying with the grading in a) butwhich, when determined inaccordance with the Appendix (page41), would have a compactionfraction not greater than 0.3 may beused. The maximum particle sizeshould not exceed 20mm.

When using material of thisquality, it should be so compactedas to attain not less than 90% of themaximum dry density at optimummoisture content when determinedin accordance with Test 12 of BritishStandard 1377 Methods of test forsoil for engineering purposes, andprovision should be made for fieldtesting accordingly. BritishStandards are published by theBritish Standards Institution, 2 ParkStreet, London W1A 2BS.

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

26

As-dug backfill

Granular sidefill

100mm

granular

bedding

Sidefill

150mm

wide each

side of pipe

regardless

of diameter

Granular

material

extended

for at least

100mm

over crown

of pipe

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

27

Figure 6. Pipes bedded in granularmaterial and covered with as dugmaterial which is free from stonesexceeding 40mm

c) As Dug MaterialIn the case of single houses, and

when approved by the designer andclient, as-dug material excavatedfrom the trench may be usedprovided it complies in all otheraspects with the requirementsabove.

Figure 7. Pipes bedded in suitableas-dug material

Pipelaying

GeneralPipes should be lowered into the

trench with tackle suitable for theweight of the pipes using suitablelifting slings, preferably flat. On noaccount should chains or wire ropesbe used.

The position of the slings toensure a proper balance should bechecked when the pipe is clear ofthe ground. Any construction debrisinside the pipe should be removedusing a pull-through.

Laying PracticePipes should be joined in the

trench and laid on the prepared bedso that they maintain substantiallycontinuous contact with the bed.Small depressions should be madein the bed to accommodate the pipejoints. When the pipe socket or pipeand coupler have been bedded, thedepressions should be filledcarefully, taking care that no voidsremain under or around the joint.Levelling devices such as bricks orpegs should be removed and anyresulting voids filled beforebackfilling is commenced.

Steep GradientIf due to steep gradient or

waterlogged conditions, the beddingtends to act as a drain for subsoilwater, the insertion of waterstops ofpuddleclay dams across the trenchmay be necessary to resist thepassage of water.

FloodingIf the trench becomes flooded,

buoyancy may occur, in which casethe pipes may be held down bypartial backfilling or by suitableanchors. Such a situation may ariseovernight, when at the cessation ofwork, the ends of the pipes shouldbe plugged to prevent the entry ofdirt or vermin.

Special Precautions

Pipes Passing Through WallsWhere a pipe is required to pass

through a wall or foundation of abuilding or other rigid structure, itshould be enclosed in a suitablesleeve having a minimum radialclearance of 25mm. Alternatively, alintel or relieving arch may beformed in the structure. Care shouldbe taken to prevent water passingalong the barrel of the pipe andthrough the wall, or the entry ofsurrounding granular material.

Movement AllowanceWhere a pipe is rigidly fixed to a

structure, two flexible joints shouldbe used, one on each side, as closeto the structure as possible.

Where substantial subsidence isanticipated, it is desirable to providea short length of pipe (ie. a rockerpipe) with a flexible coupler on eachend to allow movement.

Pipelaying at Low TemperatureParticular care should be

exercised when installing pipes attemperatures below 10C.

Pipelaying should not be carriedout when the temperature of thepipes is below 0C.

Pipelaying Above Natural GroundLevel

Expert advice should be sought incases where pipes are to be laidabove the natural ground level.

Pipelaying in Unstable GroundThe soft relatively unstable

conditions of the trench bottom thatcan occur with softened clays, silts,very fine sands or peat areunfavourable to flexible pipesbecause of the buttressing effect ofthe sidefill, which normally helps thepipe keep its shape, may beconsiderably reduced; and thiseffect is aggravated if there is a highwater table. In such situations, careis needed depending on the severityof the conditions and advice soughtfrom the Technical Department ofWavin Ireland Limited.

Use of Concrete

General Principles Normally, flexible pipes should

not be bedded in or surrounded byconcrete; its use converts a flexiblepipe into a rigid one which is moreliable to fracture under groundmovement. However, in certaincircumstances, a designer or localauthority may require the use ofconcrete bedding or surround and insuch cases, special precautionsshould be taken.

FlexibilitySome flexibility can be

maintained in a pipeline bedded andsurrounded in concrete if thecontinuity of the bedding is brokenby forming joints incorporating aflexible material. Such joints should

Sidefill

150mm

wide each

side of pipe

regardless

of diameter

Sidefill

150mm

wide each

side of pipe

regardless

of diameterGranular

sidefill

100mm granular bedding

100mm as-dug bedding

As-dug

sidefill

Compacted

as-dug backfill

Compacted in 300mm

layers as-dug backfill

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

be not less than 25mm in width andshould be coincident with the pipejoint.

Encasement (Reinforced)Where a pipeline is encased in

concrete, it should be wrapped in amembrane such as felt or plasticsheeting. As differential movementis likely to occur at the ends of theconcrete surround, the adjacentpipeline should comprise one ormore short lengths of pipe jointedby couplers.

Protecting PVC-U Pipe fromLoads

As PVC-U pipes are flexible, theycan accommodate groundmovement and pressure withoutdamage. However, if the pipe needsprotection, eg., when laid with acover of less than 1.2 metre under aroad, concrete may be used abovethe pipeline as a protective raft,provided a cushion of fill is laidbetween the pipe crown and the raft(see Figure 8). This will preventunacceptable deflection of the pipe.

Figure 8. Protecting undergroundpipe from loads

Backfill

Sidefill and Initial BackfillThe material used for sidefill and

initial backfill should comply withthe requirements for beddingmaterial. For the protection of thepipe, the sidefilling and initialbackfilling operations should becarried out as soon as possible afterthe pipes have been laid and tested.

The material should be placedand compacted by hand in layersnot more than 100mm thick andshould extend over the crown of thepipe to a depth of 100mm for110mm pipe and 150mm for pipesof larger diameter. It should extendover the full width of the trench asexcavated.

Remainder of BackfillThe next 300mm of backfill may

consist of material excavated fromthe trench provided it is free fromstones exceeding 40mm. Theremainder of the backfill may alsobe material excavated from thetrench but only if it is free fromheavy stones or other objects whichcould protrude through the specialinitial backfill during the backfillingor compacting process. Mechanicalcompactors, other than handvibrators, should not be used untilthe total depth of backfill over thepipe is 450mm.

Trench SheetingTrench sheeting if used, should be

withdrawn in stages as sidefillingand backfilling proceeds and thespaces between the pipe and thesides of the trench completely filledwith sidefill and firmly compacted.

Connection into Sewers

Connection into Existing Drainsand Sewers

Connections to sewers should bemade only as directed by thedrainage authority. Wavin Adaptorsshould be used for connecting tojunctions or saddles on existingpipelines.

Connection into PVC-U Drains andSewers

A connection into PVC-U pipemay be effected by inserting abranch into the line. This is achievedby cutting out the appropriatelength of PVC-U pipe, preparing thecut ends for jointing and placingrepair couplers into position on theprepared ends. The branch is fittedinto position and repair couplersslipped into position to complete the

insertion, after which the newbranch connection may be made.

Alternatively, a saddle connectionmay be made. The saddle should beplaced in its intended location andits position marked. The position ofthe inlet hole should be marked onthe outside of the pipe using eitherthe saddle or a purpose-madetemplate. The inlet hole is made bydrilling a small hole and cutting outthe profile with a keyhole saw.Remove all swarf and rough edges.

The surface of the pipe and thesaddle should be cleaned,roughened and coated with cementand jointed.

Figure 9. Assembly of a solventsaddle joint

The joint should be held inposition with tying wire untilsufficient strength has beenachieved. In general, 15 minutesshould be allowed before makingconnection to the saddle.

Connection to OtherMaterials

The Wavinsewer system includesAdaptors to connect to clay or ironspigots or sockets.

Connection to Clay or Iron SpigotApply mastic to the spigot face of

the clay or cast iron pipe and insertit into the socket of the PVC-U

28

Mark position of

connection using inside of

saddle branch as guide and

cut out hole.

a.

b.

c.

Apply a liberal coat of

Solvent Cement to the

mating surfaces.

Strap the Saddle

temorarily to ensure firm

all-round contact.

Reinforced

Concrete

raft

100mm

cushion

of fill

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

Adaptor (WS 13). Caulk firmly with alayer of gaskin and complete with asand and cement joint (see Figure10).

Connection to Clay SocketApply a bead of mastic to the

face of a PVC-U Adaptor (WS 14).Position the Adaptor in the socketand caulk with yarn followed bycement mortar. Then insert the PVC-U pipe spigot in the standard way(see Figure 11).

Connection to Cast iron SocketApply a bead of mastic to the

face of a PVC-U Adaptor (WS 14).Position the Adaptor in the cast ironsocket and caulk with gaskinfollowed by well caulked lead wool.Do not use hot lead.

Alternatively, use gaskin andcement mortar in a similar way tothat used for jointing PVC-U to aclay socket (see Figure 12).

Jointing

Preparing Pipe EndsAll spigots on fittings and the

ends of standard lengths of pipe arechamfered approximately 15. Pipescut on site must be clean cut at rightangles to their horizontal axis.Chamfer the cut end toapproximately half the pipe wallthickness and deburr it with ascraper.

Depth of Entry MarkSome plain ended fittings have a

depth of entry mark moulded on thespigot. This depth of entry allowsthe pipe to expand into the fittingsocket. Insert the spigot into thesocket until the depth of entry markis just visible.

All pipes - whether cut on site orotherwise - and other plain endedfittings must be inserted to the fulldepth of the socket, marked at thesocket face, and then withdrawn atleast 6mm (see Figure 14).

29

Figure 10. Connection to clay or iron spigot

Figure 11. Connection to clay socket

Figure 12. Connection to cast iron socket

Figure 13. Pipe preparation

Clay or

Cast Iron

Spigot

WavinSewer

Pipe

WavinSewer

Pipe

WavinSewer

Pipe

Clay Socket

Cast Iron

Socket

D4079/4080 (WS13)

D4081/82 (WS14)

D4081/82 (WS14)

equal

equal

15

a. Cut pipe square b. Chamfer spigot ends

Flow

Flow

Flow

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

Ring Seal JointsPipe Couplers and most Bends

and Branches, particularly in the110mm and 160mm sizes, aresupplied with sockets on all ends.These sockets are fitted with ringseals which act as both seals andexpansion joints.

The correct sequence for ring sealjointing is as follows:1. Check that the pipe chamfer is

correct (see Figure 13) and thatthe ring seal is properly seatedin its housing.

2. Make sure that both the pipe orfitting spigot and the ring sealsocket are dry, clean and freefrom grit or dust.

3. Lubricate evenly around thespigot and Wafix seal withWavintite Lubricant (see Table2).

4. Make sure that the componentsto be joined are correctlyaligned.

5. Push the spigot fully into thesocket. Mark the spigot at thesocket face and then withdrawthe spigot by a minimum of6mm. If the spigot is alreadymarked with the depth ofentry, push it into the socketuntil the mark is just visible.Make a subsequent check toensure that the expansion gap isnot lost during furtherinstallation work (see Figure 14).

6. Do not cut back the straight legsections of Long Radius Bends orChannel Bends as only the spigotend provided is suitable forjointing.

7. Make jointing of large pipeseasier by levering them intoposition. Protect the pipe end (or

socket mouth in the case ofsingle pipes) from the levering byplacing a block of wood betweenthe pipe and the lever (seeFigure 15).

Figure 15. Jointing large pipes

Table 2. Lubricant allowance

Pipe Size Number of Joints(mm unless noted) (per 500g)

110 100160 45200 279 15

250 13315 10355 8400 6450 4

Wavin Access Junctions

The Wavin Access Junction isdesigned to provide the method ofcollecting 110mm drains at invertdepths up to 600mm by the use ofWAJ Risers. The total assemblycomprising Base, Riser and FrameUnit provides a completely sealedsystem up to ground level.

Considerable savings in installedcosts may be achieved by usingWAJs compared to traditionalmanholes. WAJs may be installedrelatively quickly, since no additionalexcavation is required other thanthat for normal drain laying, and theneed for wet trades is eliminated.

The depths of WAJ assembliesfrom the top of the Cover to theChannel Invert are given in Table 3.

The design incorporatestelescopic, tilt and swivel facilitieswhich give all the flexibility requiredon site. A choice of 9 configurationsprovide a comprehensive, levelinvert system with excellent flowcharacteristics.

The PVC-U Cover is normallyunsealed for external use but asealed and bolted cover is availablefor internal use on request.

Installation of Wavin AccessJunctions1. Lay suitable bedding material (as

used for the drain line).2. Make pipe connections in the

same way as the standard ringseal jointing of fittings

.

30

Table 3. Depths of WAJ assemblies

Assembly A B(mm) (mm)

WAJ without Riser 270 - 305 WAJ with one Riser 435 470WAJ with two Risers 585 620

Figure 14. Ring seal jointing

Ring seal Ring seal

Depth of entry mark Depth of entry mark

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

3. Place the WAJ on a minimum100 mm bed of as-dug orgranular material and surround itwith similar material 150 mmwide. Installations suitable forwheel loads up to Class C (250kgs) require a 150 mm thickconcrete plinth around the top ofthe WAJ (see Figure 19).

4. Depending on the depth of invertrequired (see Table 3), either:

a) Use the WAJ complete withFrame Unit as supplied.

b) Push-fit one or two WAJ Risers(D4183) directly into the WAJand fit the Frame Unit.Intermediate depths may easily

be obtained by cutting the Riser tothe required depth.

Sealed Access Fittings

Sealed Access Fittings withremovable covers are available asan alternative to open channels intraditionally built manholes. Thehaunching around Sealed AccessFittings does not have to be asprecise as that around openchannels. Sealed Access Fittings areparticularly suitable for areas thathave a high water table and where itis difficult and uneconomical toconstruct a watertight manhole.

Sealed Access Fittings may beused internally. A sealing ringbetween the cover and the mainbody of the fitting gives an airtightjoint. This makes the specification ofa more expensive double sealedmanhole cover unnecessary.

The opening area available whenthe cover is removed is large enoughto permit rodding in all directionsincluding branch arms and for theremoval of debris.

The sealing ring fits into a recessin the cover. The cover is secured

via studs, washers and nuts whichare all stainless steel.

An additional feature is the 50mmboss socket on the cover to which astandpipe can be fitted. This enablesstanding water to be drained fromthe manhole and also indicates thepresence of a blockage below themanhole.

Sealed Access Fittings may alsobe used within back-drop manholesand for Suspended Drainage.

31

Figure 16. Wavin Access Junctionassembly

Figure 17. Wavin Access Junction typical application

Figure 18. WAJ, non-load installation

Figure 19. WAJ installation suitable for wheel loads up to Class C (250 kgs)

45 (LH)

Wavin Access Junction

150mm sidefill of suitable

as-dug or granular material

continued to ground level

150mm sidefill of suitable as-dug

or granular sidefill around WAJ to

underside concrete plinth

D4492

Cover and Frame

D4492

Cover and Frame

90 Wavin

Access Junction

90 Wavin

Access Junction

110mm WavinSewer

110mm WavinSewer

150mm

concrete plinth

45 Branch

Gully

45 Bend110mm Pipe

45 (RH)

Wavin Access Junction

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

Installation of Sealed AccessFittings

Manholes with Sealed AccessFittings are generally constructed inthe same way as traditonalmanholes but as watertightness isnot critical, unlined brick orconcrete manholes may bepermitted. Benching of the pipeworkis essential.1. Bed all Sealed Access Fittings in

cement mortar on a suitableconcrete base.

2. Make pipe connections in theusual way.

3. Allow pipe ends to protrudebeyond the edge of the manholebase so that connections can bemade after the manhole wallshave been built.

4. Slope benching of the pipeworkso that standing water will draininto the Access Fitting when thecover is opened. The benchingmust provide adequate clearancefor the access cover to be

removed for routine servicing.Nuts should be tightened in adiagonal sequence. Undue forceshould not be used during thetightening process.

5. When standpipes are specified,fit these to the boss socket onthe top of the cover.

Open Channel Manholes

Open channels provide easyaccess for rodding in all directionsand for the removal of debris.However, construction can belabour-intensive, depending on theamount of haunching and benchingnecessary.

The Wavinsewer system offers awide choice of open Channel Pipesand Fittings for stepped invertapplications and where changes ofdirection are required, Long RadiusCurved Channels are included in therange.

It is not recommended thatchannels be fabricated on site frompipe.

In back-drop manholes, the drop-pipe will normally be outside thechamber and should be surroundedeither in concrete or as-dug orgranular material. Where the drop-pipe is positioned inside thechamber, it should be securelysupported at intervals not greaterthan 1 metre.

When used as Mid RadiusChannel Bends, the D4169 (45) andD4112 (8712) Bends are to bedrilled and cut on site using a handdrill, pad saw and plain toothedrasp. The cut-out section is markedon both fittings (see Figure 23).

32

Figure 20. Sealed Access Manhole with standpipe

Figure 21. Sealed Access Manhole with shallow invert used internally

Single seal manhole cover

Standpipe

Assembly

Access

Plug

32mm

Waste

Pipe

Wall not

necessarily

watertight

D4248

Flow

Concrete

benching

laid to fall

Flow

Flow

Section Plan

Finish Floor

Concrete Floor

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

Installation of Channel Fittings1. Bed all Straight and Curved

Channels in cement mortar on asuitable concrete base.

2. Side entries into the mainchannel should have an angle ofentry not greater than 90 fromthe internal face of the manhole.For entries greater than 90, aDouble Socketed Bend (eg. D4019) should be placedadjacent to the manhole, whichshould provide a deviation of notmore than 45 (see Figure 24).

33

Figure 22. Sealed Access Fitting typical installation

Figure 23. Mid Radius Bend cut-out

Figure 24. Open Channel Manhole with stepped invert branch entries

D4032 D4269

D4001

D4129 D4128 D4002

D4002

D4019

Concrete

benching

D4169

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

3. Bed the Curved ChannelBranches in cement mortar andconnect them to the mainchannel so that the dischargefrom the Branch is in thedirection of flow of the mainchannel.

4. Allow pipe or fitting ends toprotrude beyond the edge of themanhole base so thatconnections can be made afterthe manhole walls have beenbuilt.

5. Provide concrete benching torise vertically from the top edgeof the channel pipe to at leastthe height of the outlet soffit.

6. Shape the benching around theChannel Branches of the branchdrains to guide the flow ofsewage in the desired direction.

7. Where practicable, ensure thesoffits of the main pipes enteringand leaving a manhole maintain asimilar gradient.

Gullies

Traditional Gully

The Traditional Gully has a Wafixring-seal joint on the outlet bendwhich allows flexibility in eitherlining up the inlet square with thehouse or substituting the 45 bendsupplied with a 6712 or 8712 toadjust for gradient.

A Gully Riser (D4192) can befitted to the hopper to facilitate theinstallation of a Traditional Gully atan invert depth greater than340mm.

Installation of Traditional Gully1. The Gully is supplied fully

assembled. Set it on asubstantial base such as aprecast concrete slab, bricks orin-situ concrete and haunch itwith concrete until it is self-standing.

2. Make connection to the drain viathe 45 Bend supplied.

3. Make vertical inlet connectionsin accordance with BuildingRegulations which state that abranch pipe should onlydischarge to a gully between the

grating and the top level of thewater seal. Cut a hole in thegrating to allow a pipe up to75mm diameter to be inserted.

4. Backfill with suitable material.5. When not protected by paving or

concrete at ground level, thecrown of the Outlet Bend mustbe below the level to whichgarden implements maypenetrate. When this is notpossible, bed a concrete slababove the Bend.

Universal Gully

The Wavin Universal Gully Trap(D4090) is self-standing and has aring seal socket for connection ofthe Hopper. Use the appropriateWavinsewer Bend to form either aP, Q or S outlet.

The Universal Hopper (D4145)has a back inlet with Wafix ring sealjoint for the connection of 110mmWavinsewer pipe and inlets either

34

Figure 25. Open Channel Manhole with stepped invert and external backdrop

Figure 26. Traditional Gully

Figure 27. Universal Gully, Hopperand Outlet Bend

D4077

D4032

D4053

D4040

D4128

D4003

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

side to suit either 110mmWavinsewer pipe, 68mm WavinOsma rainwater downpipe or 40mmWavin White Waste.

Alternatively, the AdjustableHopper (D4138) may be used inplace of the Universal Hopper.

Installation of Universal Gully1. Assemble the Trap, Hopper and

suitable Outlet Bend out of theground.

2. Set it on a substantial base suchas a precast concrete slab,bricks or in-situ concrete andhaunch it with concrete to thelevel where the supporting feetmeet the body. Make sure theconcrete does not enter any ringseal joints.

3. Make connection to drain via asuitable Outlet Bend.

4. When using the UniversalHopper, make any requiredhorizontal connections for110mm Wavinsewer, 68mmWavin Osma rainwater downpipeor 40 mm Wavin White Waste.

5. Make vertical connections inaccordance with BuildingRegulations as previouslydescribed.

6. Backfill with suitable material.7. When not protected by paving or

concrete at ground level, thecrown of the Outlet Bend mustbe below the level to whichgarden implements penetrate.When this is not possible, bed aconcrete slab above the Bend.

Bottle Gully

The Bottle Gully is a neat,compact and practical alternative totraditional gullies. Its advanceddesign features incorporate a fixedbaffle, having a removable accessplug, three 110mm side bosses anda square cover and frame, whichensures a perfect fit when usedalongside paving slabs.

The Bottle Gully has a number ofinstallation and maintenanceadvantages. The body of the gullycan rotate by means of a push-fitjoint, connecting the body with thecover. This facility assists the

installer considerably withunpredictable conditions on site.

Three blanked-off inlets, oneeither side, and one at the back ofthe gully, may be used to connectpipes from 32mm to 110mm.

Easy access for rodding thesystem is provided by means of aremovable rubber access plug.

The Gully is supplied with apolypropylene grating. A SealedAccess Cover (D4311), which issecured to the gully by means offour self-tapping screws, is alsoavailable.

Installation of Bottle Gully1. Position and level the Gully on a

suitable base, such as precastconcrete slab, bricks or in-situconcrete.

2. Haunch it with concrete25-30mm from the base. Thiswill ensure that the base is firmlylocated.

3. Make any horizontal connectionsfrom 32mm to 110mm to eitherleft, right or back sockets.

4. Make vertical connections forwaste or rainwater pipes bycutting the grating to thenecessary diameter and insert

35

Figure 28. Bottle Gully, typical assembly

Figure 29. Bottle Gully installation with vertical inlet.

Polypropylene

Grating

PVC-U Frame

Ring Seal Socket

Sealing Ring

Access

Access Plug

Rainwater/Waste Pipe

D4308

D4032

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

the pipe (see Figure 29).5. Backfill with suitable material. It

is not necessary to surround theGully with concrete.

Yard Gully

The Yard Gully (D4095) ismanufactured from polyethylene, arobust material, offering both highimpact with good chemicalresistance. The unit is available as asingle component, being 300mmdiameter by 600mm invert depthand incorporates an integral trap,with a removable rubber plug,allowing easy access for rodding.

A perforated mild steelCatchment Bucket (D4097) isavailable as an optional extra.

Installation of Yard Gully1. When excavating the Gully pit,

allow an additional 100mmunder the unit and 150mmaround the unit.

2. Sit the Gully on a minimum of100mm as-dug or granularmaterial and surround it withsimilar material 150mm wide, upto the underside of its 110mmspigoted outlet.

3. Connect the Gully to the branchdrain in the appropriate way.

4. Pour 150mm x 250mm invert ofconcrete around the Gully up toits lip.

5. Where required, insert theGalvanised Mild Steel CatchmentBucket (D4097).

6. Bed a Ductile Iron Grating andFrame in a suitable concrete mix(see Figures 30 & 31).

Wavin Trapped RoadGully

The Wavin Road Gully offers highimpact resistance with light weight.A series of external reinforcing ribsgive the unit its strength and alsoact as anti-flotation collars duringinstallation. The Gullys flexibleoutlet allows movement of up to 15thus offering greater scope andflexibility during installation.

36

Figure 31. Yard Gully - typical installation

Figure 30. Yard Gully - typical installation

Suitable Grating

and frame

D4097 D4095

Bed the grating and frame in

a suitable concrete mix

Pour 150mm by

250mm invert

of concrete

around gully

Bed and surround the gully

in a minimum of 110mm

under and 150mm around

the unit of granular material

When excavating the gully

pit allow an additional

100mm under and 150mm

around the unit

Connect 110mm

WavinSewer in the

appropriate way

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

Gully Connection to 160mmWavinsewer1. Ensure that the pre-fitted flexible

outlet is correctly seated.2. Lubricate the whole of the inside

of the outlet.3. Ensure that the spigot end of the

Wavin Adaptor (D4147) is cleanand the ring is correctly seated.Align and push home.

4. Insert 160mm Wavinsewer pipeinto the socket following thestandard jointing sequence forWavinsewer pipe (see Figure 33).

Installation of Road Gully1. When excavating the gully pit,

allow an additional 150mmunder and around the unit.

2. Lay a concrete base 750 x 750 x150mm overall. Set Gully inposition and haunch up to itssecond rib.

3. Connect the Gully, trapped to thebranch drain in the appropriateway (see Figure 33).

4. Pour 150mm of concrete aroundthe Gully up to its lip.

5. Where required, build a brick orconcrete kerb on top of the Gullyto suit the grating and frame.

6. Bed the grating frame in asuitable concrete mix and fitgrating (see Figure 32).

Grease Traps

The discharge of grease intosewers is now acknowledged as amajor problem, causing blockage inpipes and problems at locationssuch as sewage treatment worksand septic tanks.

Grease is a normal constituent ofwater borne wastes from kitchensand food preparation rooms wherequantities arise from the washing of

used crockery and utensils. Wherewaste macerators are installed, thequantities of grease and fatsdischarged are likely to be greater.

Facilities must be available atrestaurant kitchens for the bulkcollection and removal of grease,fats and oil and to prohibit theirdischarge into the drainage system.

Specific points to note are:1. It is necessary to provide a

Grease Trap on the outlet from

37

Figure 34. Installation of Grease Trap

Figure 32. Road Gully - typical installation

Figure 33. Road Gully - connectionto 160mm WavinSewer

Gully grating and frame

to conform to BS497Class B Engineering

brickwork

Bed and

surround gully

in 150mm of

C20 concrete

D4147

Inlet Outlet

As dug or granular

material. Concrete

suitably reinforced,

in areas of vehicular

traffic

Concrete surround separated by

shuttering to prevent load transfer

Access shaft.

Height variable.

Max 1000mm

Concrete

surround

Concrete base

with suitable

reinforcement

Flexible joint

to allow for

differential

shifting

Manhole covers

Finished ground level

WavinSewer

160mm pipe

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION

the kitchen before it dischargesinto the drainage system.

2. The Trap should have sufficientcapacity to accommodate thegrease.

3. The Trap should be so sited thatit will receive sewage-free wastefrom the kitchen and isconvenient for maintenance.

4. Regular and frequent cleaning isessential if grease is not todischarge through the Trap andshould include the removal ofsettled solids to avoidputrification.Wavinsewer includes a range of

four Grease Traps with capacitiesranging from 40 litres to 320 litres.

Installation of Grease Traps1. A suitable location for the Trap

should be selected and this willvary from site to site. Thelocation should be such that thewastes entering the Grease Trapshould have cooled to 45Cbefore entering the Trap. Therecommended distance from thewaste source to the Grease Trapis 4 metres minimum.

2. The location of the Grease Trapmust be upstream of foul wasteentering the system.

3. Excavate a hole for the Trapallowing an extra 200mm on allsides and 200mm for the base.The actual depth of the hole willbe determined by the invert levelsof the pipes connected to it.

4. Construct the base using 20Nconcrete with suitablereinforcement where necessaryto a depth of 200 mm. Theconcrete must be flat and level.In areas of saturation,appropriate measures should betaken to ensure the structuralintegrity of the base.

5. When the concrete hassufficiently cured, lower theGrease Trap onto the base andline-up the inlet and outletConnectors with their respectivepipes. Fill the Grease Trap withwater. Backfill the excavationwith gravel or concretedepending on the location.

6. Connect the inlet and outletpipes using 110mm adaptors.Incorporate a short length ofpipe to allow for differentialmovement.

7. Where installed in areas subjectto traffic loads, the design,construction and installation ofthe top slab is important. Theslab should be appropriatelyreinforced such that thesuperimposed loads are nottransmitted to the top or sidewalls of the Grease Trap.

8. When installed in areas subjectto loading from vehicles, thecover and frame selected shouldbe capable of withstanding the

loads likely to be imposed uponthem.

9. It is essential to take precautionsto prevent damage to the GreaseTrap during installation.

Suspended Drainage

Drainage pipes may have to besuspended just below floor or ceilinglevel in basement or similarsituations. Wavinsewer Pipes,Couplers, Bends, Branches andSealed Access Fittings are suitablefor suspended installations.

However, although PVC-U pipesand fittings are lightweight, theymust be suspended by a robust

38

Figure 35. Suspended Bracketing - intermediate pipe support

Figure 36. Suspended Bracketing - socket support

Threaded Bracket

Threaded Bracket

Threaded Rod

Threaded Rod

Adjustable Brace

Bracket plate

Bracket plate

Pipe/Socket bracket

Pipe/Socket bracket

Wavinsewer Systems

INSTALLATION, TESTING

support and anchorage systemwhich can accommodate theexpansion and contraction of PVC-Uimposed on the system should itbecome blocked.

The Suspended Bracketingsystem available in the Wavin Soilsystem is designed to meet thesespecific requirements. It will supportany 110mm PVC-U system in thecorrect way for any given situation.There are two packs of SuspendedBracketing components, the C8738pack contains the same componentsas the C8736 pack plus twoAdjustable Braces. These Braces areused to secure a socket and preventany lateral or horizontal movement.

Installation of SuspendedDrainage

Position access doors at the topor side of the installation dependingon the room available.

For intermediate pipe support,use the Adjustable Pipe BracketAssembly (C8736). For socketsupport, use the Adjustable SocketBracket and Brace Assembly(C8738).

Intermediate Pipe Support1. Fix the Threaded Bracket from

the Adjustable Pipe BracketingAssembly to the ceiling usingbolts appropriate to the ceilingmaterial.

2. Screw the Threaded Rod into theThreaded Bracket.

3. Fix the Bracket Plate on to theThreaded Rod using the two nutsand washers provided. Adjustthe height of the Bracket Plate tofall. Cut the Rod below the lowernut.

4. Fix the Pipe/Socket Bracket overthe pipe to be supported. Fix thePipe/Socket Bracket to theBracket Plate using the two boltsprovided.

5. Make pipe connections in thesame way as the standard ringseal jointing of fittings.

Socket Support1. Using components from the

Adjustable Socket Bracket and

Brace Assembly (C8738), followsteps 1 and 2 as outlined for theintermediate pipe support.

2. Fix Adjustable Braces andBracket Plate onto the ThreadedRod (see Figure 36). Adjust tofall. Cut Rod below the lowernut.

3. Adjust the length of the Bracesusing the nuts on the Bracesthemselves.

4. Fit the Pipe/Socket Bracket overthe socket to be supported,directly behind the socketshoulder. Fix the Pipe/SocketBracket to the Bracket Plateusing the two bolts provided.

5. Fix the Braces to the ceiling atthe side of and behind the socketusing bolts appropriate to theceiling material.

6. Make pipe connections in thesame way as the standard ringseal jointing of fittings.Support any 110mm Wavinsewer

suspended drainage installation at0.9m centres maximum and at everysocket. As a general rule, themaximum centres can be doubledfor vertical installations.

Testing

Wherever possible, testing shouldbe carried out from manhole tomanhole. Short branch drainsconnected to a main sewer betweenmanholes should be tested as onesystem with the main sewer. Longbranches and manholes should betested separately.

Water TestThis test should be carried out

after laying and before backfilling.Drains and sewers should begenerally subjected to an internalpressure test of 1.2 m head of waterabove the crown of the pipe at thehigh end but not more than 6 m atthe low end. Steeply graded sewersshould be tested in stages if themaximum head would be exceededwere the whole section tested atonce.

The test should be carried out byinserting suitable plugs in the lowend of the sewer and in the

connections, if necessary, and byfilling the system with water. Forsmall pipes, a short radius bendmay be temporarily jointed-in at thetop end and a sufficient length ofvertical pipe jointed to it so so as toprovide the required test head. Forboth large and small diameter pipes,it may be preferable to connect ahose pipe to a plug with a pressuregauge or stand-pipe.

Allowance should be made forinitial losses such as those causedby air entrapment or expansion byadding water as required tomaintain the test head for not morethan one hour before commencingthe test proper.

The loss of water over a period of30 minutes should be measured byadding water from a measuringvessel at regular intervals of 10minutes and noting the quantityrequired to maintain the originalwater level. For the purpose of thistest, the average quantity requiredshould not exceed 1 litre per hourper linear kilometre per millimetreof pipe diameter.

Any leakage which causes a dropin the test water level should beinvestigated and the defective partof the work removed and madegood.

Air TestIt is sometimes more convenient

to test sewers by means of internalair pressure. However, while anexcessive drop in pressure whenemploying the air test may indicatea defective line, the location of theleakage may be difficult to detectand the leakage rate cannot bemeasured.

The air pressure is also affectedby temperature changes.Consequently, failure to pass thistest is not necessarily conclusive,and when failure does occur, a watertest as previously described shouldbe carried out, and the leakage ratedetermined before a decision as toacceptance or rejection is made.

Failure to pass an air test is veryoften attributable to faults in theplugs or testing apparatus.

39

Wavinsewer Systems

TESTING, REPAIRS, MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING

The length of pipe under air testshould be effectively plugged aspreviously described and airpumped in by suitable means (eg.,hand pump) until a pressure of100mm of water is indicated in aglass U-tube connected to thesystem. The air pressure should notfall to less than 75mm during aperiod of five minutes withoutfurther pumping, after allowing asuitable time for stabilisation of theair temperature.

Infiltration CheckAll inlets to the system should be

effectively closed. Visual inspectionshould then be made at manholes orinspection chambers to ascertainthe presence of leakage flow. If therate of infiltration leakage exceeds0.8 litres per hour per linearkilometre per millimetre of nominaldiameter of the pipe, the source ofthis leakage flow should beinvestigated and remedial measurestaken.

Test for Straightness, Gradientand Obstruction

Tests for line, gradient andfreedom from obstruction should beapplied.

Inspection Chambers andManholes

Inspection chambers andmanholes should be watertight. Ifthe ground water level is likely to beseasonally above the crown of thepipe, chambers and manholes shouldbe inspected for watertightnessagainst infiltration when the watertable is at its highest.

RecordsComplete records should be kept

of all tests carried out on sewersand drains, both during constructionand after being put into service.

REPAIRS

With the Wavinsewer system, it isrelatively easy to carry out repairsusing Wavinsewer Repair Couplers.The following general points apply:1. The full extent of the damaged or

failed section must be identified

and removed.2. The residual pipe-ends must be

cut square and prepared forjointing.

3. Repair Couplers should beplaced in position, thereplacement pipe length laid ona suitably prepared bed and theCouplers moved to their finalposition.

4. After testing, the sidefilling andbackfilling should be replaced inaccordance with appropriatesections of this manual, in orderto give compaction valuesapproximately equal to thoseimmediately adjacent to therepair.

MAINTENANCE

Building Regulations and LocalAuthority Byelaws state that:Manholes, inspection chambers androdding eyes must be provided togive ready access to underground

drains and sewers for maintenanceand cleaning.

Remove inspection chambercovers periodically to clean thehousing and to check and clean thebenching.

Check the complete drainagesystem periodically and clean,making good any necessary defects.

CLEANING

The smooth bore of PVC-U pipescombined with their longer lengthsreduce the risk of blockages.However, if a blockage does occur,use only flexible or roller type rods.Pointed or boring type metal fittingsare NOT recommended. Tests havebeen carried out on PVC-U pipesand fittings using equipment fromspecialist drain cleaning contractorsand their normal equipment issuitable. Do not use specialistcutting attachments.

40

Figure 37. Rodding through Bottle Gully

Figure 38. Access to Bottle Gully for rodding

Flexible Rod

Bottle Gully with sccess plug

and grating removed

Wavinsewer Systems

APPENDIX

Determination ofSuitability of ImportedMaterial CompactionFraction

Visual ExaminationExamine the material and reject

any which contains pieces withsharp edges.

Particle SizeThe maximum particle size should

not exceed 20mm The following testwill ensure compliance with thisrequirement:

A weighed representative sampleof material (about 2kg) should besieved, using a test sieve of 20mmnominal size (see Irish Standard24:1973, Test Sieves).Note 1: To obtain a representative

sample, about 50kg of theproposed material should beheaped on a clean surface anddivided with a spade down themiddle. One of these halvesshould then be similarly divided,and so on until the requiredmass is left.

Note 2: In the sieving, clumps ofmaterial that break up underlight finger pressure may behelped through the sieve, butconsiderable force should not beused to squeeze oversize lumpsthrough the mesh.The material is not recom-mended if any particles are leftin the sieve.

Ease of Compaction

Apparatus[1] Open-ended cylinder 250mm

long and 150mm 6mminternal diameter (160mmdiameter Wavinsewer issuitable).

[2] Metal rammer with striking face40 mm diameter and weighing1.0 0.1kg.

[3] Measuring rule.

ProcedureObtain a representative sample

(see Note 1 above) more thansufficient to fill the cylinder (about11kg). It is important that the

moisture content of the sampleshould not differ materially fromthat of the main body of material atthe time of its use in the trench.

Place the cylinder on a firm flatsurface and gently pour the samplematerial into it, loosely and withouttamping. Strike off the top surfacelevel with the top of the cylinder andremove all surplus spilled material.Lift the cylinder clear of its contentsand place on a fresh area of flatsurface. Place about one quarter ofthe contents back in the cylinderand tamp vigorously with a metalrammer until no further compactioncan be obtained. Repeat with thesecond quarter, tamping as before,and so on for the third and fourthquarters, tamping the final surfaceas level as possible.

Measure down from the top ofthe cylinder to the surface of thecompacted material. This distance inmillimetres divided by the height ofthe cylinder (250mm) is referred toas the compaction fraction.

41

Interpretation of Results

Compaction Fraction Suitability for Use

Less than 0.15 Material suitable

Greater than 0.15 Material suitable but requires extrabut less than 0.3 care in compaction.

Not suitable if the line is subject to water-logged conditions after laying.

Greater than 0.3 Not suitable

Wavinsewer Systems

wavin sewer sytem

Documents

wavin access junctions

wavin irelandlimitedwavin

pipes andfittings

new wavin tritec pipes

universal gully

bottle gully

yard gully

road gully