wavelength routing testbeds
TRANSCRIPT
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Wavelength Routing Testbeds
Presented By, Bibi Mohanan
M.Tech, OEC Roll No :7
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platform for experimentation of large development projects
allow for rigorous, transparent, and replicable testing of scientific theories, computational tools, and new technologies.
Testbed
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Wavelength Routing Testbeds
All Optical Network Consortium (AON) NTT Ring Optical Network Technology
Consortium(ONTC) MONET
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AON
End node
End node
End node
End node
End node
Bypass filter
Bypass filter
AWG
End node
End node
DEC
MIT Campus
Combiner
Splitter
Combiner
Splitter
Level 1
Level 0
Level 0
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(a)AON
All Optical Network Consortium Static WRT 2 level hierarchy-Level 0 & Level 1 Level 0- LAN Level 1- MAN Deployed in Boston Area
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AON continued……
20 wavelengths,50 Ghz(0.4 nm) apart Odd no: level 0,even no: level 1 End node:-Tunable Transmitter &Receiver 3 types of service
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AON continued…..
A-Service: Provide circuit switched light paths Set up by tuning Transmitters or receivers at the
end nodes Receiver uses tunable fiber fabry-perot filter(10 ms
tuning time b/w channels) Demonstrated at 2.5Gbps & 10 Gbps
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B- Service: Circuit switched service Pre assigned time slots on a light path Also support packet switching & datagram services Uses a coherent optical receiver:-local
oscillator ,photodetector
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Switching time b/w wavelengths = laser tuning time + time to acquire bit clock (200ns)
Require the sychronisation off all nodes Demonstrated at 1Gbps
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C-Service Datagram service Out of band at 1310 nm Set up & takedown A-&B-service connections Level -1 & level-0 n/w has a centralized sheduler
connected via C-service to each other & the end nodes
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(b)NTT Ring
Unidirectional ring:- 1 working fiber & 1 protection fiber N/w has 1 hub node(center node) & many access
nodes(remote nodes) Hub node sends out signals at N different wavelengths, all
MUXed in to working fiber N access nodes Hub node communicates with access node i on wavelength
i,& access node i communicates with hub node also on wavelength i
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NTT Ring
Access node 2Access node 1
Hub node
λ2 λ2 λ1 λ1
λ 1 λ2 λ3 λ4λ4 λ3 λ2 λ1
Protection fiber
Working fiber
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Node architecture in NTT testbed
OADM
OADM
Transmitters
Switch
EDFA EDFA
EDFA EDFA
LoopbackReceivers
Loopback
Switch Switch
CouplerCouplerProtection fiber
Working fiber
Level equalizer
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Protection against link failures
Two mechanisms Only one method at a time1. Linear protection Protection fiber does not carry any traffic
normally In the event of a fiber cut, restoration is
accomplished by looping the traffic on the working fiber on to the protection fiber around the ring
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2. 1+1 path protection Same traffic is sent on both working fiber &
protection fiber in opposite directions Receiver in the access node selects one of them
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NTT Ring continued… Have 6 wavelengths, spaced 100 GHz apart Running over DSF with a distance of 40 km b/w nodes at
622 Mbps 1 hub node & 2 access nodes Each access node include1. Optical amplifiers Compensate for losses2. Multi channel power equalizer Equalize the channel variations due to different component losses at different wavelengths and due to non flatness of
the amplifiers
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Test bed distance was limited by four-wave mixing To reduce four-wave mixing:- At each node, after DeMUXing the wavelengths, each
wavelength was delayed by a different value This randomizes the phase relationship b/w the different
wavelengths at each node FWM powers at each transmission stage b/w the nodes are
summed, rather than the electric fields being summed in phase
Major accomplishments:- Demonstration of WDM transmission over DSF Demonstration of different protection mechanisms
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(c) ONTC Optical Network Technology Consortium Reconfigurable wavelength routing architecture Consists of two interconnected unidirectional rings Each ring has two nodes with one additional common mode Has four wavelengths, spaced 4 nm apart Running over standard SM fiber,distance of 150 km at
155Mbps Carries ATM traffic One of the wavelengths also used to carry four analog
subcarrier MUXed video channels Uses an EDFA after each optical node to compensate for
fiber & component losses
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ONTC
OADM
OADM
Access node
Access node
OXC
Access node
Access node
OADM
OADM
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ONTC continued…
Wavelength crossconnects & add/drop MUXes are made by combining wavelength MUX/DeMUXes with optical switches
The MUX/DeMUX units are made with dielectric thin film –based filters
Switches are relay activated mechanical switches Each end node has a four-wavelength DFB laser
array as a transmitter & a four –wavelentgh integrated receiver
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Switches within the nodes are controlled by a central controller
Central controller communicate to the controllers within the nodes via in-band ATM connections
Each node has a 10-dB coupler at its output A small portion of the power is tapped off, and the
wavelength and power of each channel were monitored by a wavelength/power meter
Major emphasis was to develop commercial-quality acousto optic filters (AOTFs) for wavelength routers
But the AOTFs showed excessive crosstalk
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An OADM and an access node in ONTC
Switch
Switch
Switch
Switch
Receiver Array
TransmitterArray
ATM Switch
λ1 λ2 λ3 λ4
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ONTC continued….
ONTC demonstrated several key technologies Demonstrated , ATM virtual topology over the optical layer Trasparency aspect of WDM by transmitting
several forms of data over different light paths concurrently
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(d)MONET To develop field-hardened testbeds of wavelength-routed
networks to bring them closer to commercial deployment Field trial consists of a local ring n/w with OADMs
interconnected to a long-distance n/w via an OXC Uses 8 wavelengths spaced 200 GHz apart Data transmitted at 2.5 Gbps per wavelength Over 2000km of dispersion- managed fiber(std. single
mode fiber along with dispersion compensating fiber at appropriate intervals)
Also includes a local ring n/w with several OADMs & a 4×4 OXC to interconnect the local ring n/w to the long- distance testbed
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MONETBellcore local-exchange testbed
AT &T/Lucent long –distance testbed
OADM OADM
OADM OADM
OADM OADM
OADM OADM
OXC
Transmitters
Receivers
Amplifiers2080 km fiber
OADM
OADM
OADM
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Advances:- Handling monitoring and management Robust against outages Developing field-ready optical components
such as LiNbO3 -based optical crossconnects
Understanding the economics of WDM n/w versus other alternatives
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Summary All-optical testbed demonstrations were mostly
transmission oriented and concerned with the physical layer issues
Also demonstrated the use of specific types of switches,MUX/DeMUXes, filters &lifiers
Dielectric thin film-based filters:- Good MUX/DeMUXes Have flat passbands Low loss Polarization insensitive
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Optomechanical switches:- Have slow switching times(10s of ms) Low loss Very low crosstalk AOTF:- Can simultaneously switch many channels High crosstalk and loss
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LiNbO3 & semiconductor amplifier-based switches:-
Faster than optomechanical switches(µs to ns) More amenable to integration Simultaneously switch many channels High crosstalk and loss OXC and OADM nodes suffer from large losses(10
dB) Need EDFA to compensate losses
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REFERENCE
Optical Networks:A practical Persepective
Rajiv Ramaswamy,Kumar.N.Sivarajan