wavelength division multiplexing ( wdm ) · i /o fiber converter wdm system optical line fiber...
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Wavelength Division Multiplexing
( WDM )
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Light Waves can be
compared to RF
RF is Everywhere – So are
Light Waves
RF is Analogous to WDM
What is WDM?
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WDM uses different light wavelengths like RF
uses different frequencies
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WDM Benefits
WDM Fiber compared to Copper Cables
• Single Fiber Pairs Replace Copper Bundles
• Hundreds of Wave Lengths on a Fiber Pair
• 100 Giga Bit or more Bandwidth per Wave Length
• Install Fiber Once - Multiplex to Existing Infrastructure – Saves Space
– Reduces Weight
– Reduces Cost
– Supports Higher Bandwidth over Longer Distances
– Improves Scalability
– Allows for Redundancy
– Improved Security
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WDM Applications Uncompressed video distribution JSF – Joint Strike Fighter
Commercial Airlines
Campus information distribution Telecommunications network
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• I/O Fiber Converters, Mux/DeMux,
Basic Architecture
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• I/O Fiber Converters, Mux/DeMux, OLP, Fiber Splitter,
OADM
Power
Source
WDM SYSTEM
I/O Fiber
Converter
WDM SYSTEM
Optical Line
ProtectionFiber
Splitter
I/O
Fiber
Con-
verters
Power
Source
Mux/
Demux
WDM SYSTEM
Device
Device/
CODEC
Device
RS422
Video
NTDS
ʎ1...n Optical Line
Protection
Optical Line
Protection
ʎ1 ʎ2
ʎ4 ʎ3
ʎ5 A6
ʎ8
ʎ1...n
ʎ1...n
ʎ1...n
ʎ1...n
ʎ1...n ʎ1...n
ʎ1...n
ʎ1...n
Power
Source
OADMOptical Add Drop
Multiplexer
Device
1553
Device
Ethernet 1Gb
Device
Audio
Device
IRIG-B
Device
WDM Fiber 10Gb
ʎ7 A8
Device IRIG-B
Device
Device/
CODEC
Device
RS422
Video
NTDS
Device
1553
Device
Ethernet 1Gb
Device
Audio
Device
WDM Fiber 10Gb
I/O
Fiber
Con-
verters
Mux/
Demux
ʎ1 ʎ2
ʎ4 ʎ3
ʎ5 A6ʎ7
UnUsed
BW
UnUsed
BW
Full Architecture
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• Converting NTDS Electrical Signals to Optical Wavelengths
• Delay of ~500ns to perform conversion
NTDS Signals
Input FIFO
FPGA
PHY CoreData Translater Transceiver
NTDS Output
Fiber
Fiber
NTDS Input Output FIFONTDS
Signals
NTDS to WDM Converter
SFP Module (WDM Transceiver)
• Small Form-Factor Pluggable
• Compact
• Hot-Pluggable
• Each Module generates different
wavelength
• Optional Tunable Dense WDM
SFP Module support for automatic
or manual configuration of all
wavelengths in system
– Only one SFP type needs to be
incorporated greatly simplifying
configuration and deployment
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Naval Tactical Data System
• I/O Interface standard for Navy Shipboard equipment
• Covered in MIL-STD-1397C
• Point to Point, Copper cable
• Parallel, up to 144 connections
– Type A, Slow, 41K word/s
– Type B, Fast, 250K word/s
– Type C, ANEW, 250K word/s
– Type H, High Throughput, 500K word/s
• Serial
– D, Serial, 10Mb/s, coaxial cable
– E, Serial, 10Mb/s, triaxial cable
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Optical Conversion of Other Interface Types
• Example Interfaces
– 10/100/1000/10000 Mb Ethernet
– Video (Composite, DVI, HDMI)
– Audio
– IRIG-B
– 1553
– RS-232/422/485
– 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-LX, 1000BASE-SX Fiber
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– Coarse WDM (CWDM)
• Allows for combining up to 16 wavelengths on a
single fiber
• Passive (no power required)
• Wavelengths defined by ITU-G.694.2
• Wavelengths 20nm apart in 1271nm to 1611nm
range
Multiplexer/
Demultiplexer
ʎ1...n
ʎ1
ʎ2
ʎ4
ʎ3
ʎ5
A6
ʎ7
ʎ8
ʎn
...
The Multiplexer • Multiplexer Combines and Separates Wavelengths from
Fiber
• Protocol Independent
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– Dense WDM (DWDM)
• Increased channel count beyond 16, to 40, 80 or
more
• Hardware currently available for combining 384
wavelengths on a single fiber, theoretically this can
be expanded much further
• Wavelengths and spacing defined by ITU-T.694.1
• requires more precise equipment that is higher cost
Multiplexer/
Demultiplexer
ʎ1...n
ʎ1
ʎ2
ʎ4
ʎ3
ʎ5
A6
ʎ7
ʎ8
ʎn
...
The Multiplexer (Continued)
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Optical Line Protection (OLP)
Monitoring the Fiber Network
• Allows for detection of light source on alternate fibers
• Practical implementation of primary/secondary pairing for redundancy
• Fault Detection/Switching Time Typically around 10ms
• Allow for manual switching
• Remote control/status supported using SNMP
OLP
Source
Primary Secondary
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Optical Add/Drop Module (OADM)
• Allows for addition and removal of only targeted wavelengths from a fiber
• ROADM is similar but incorporates reconfigurable components allowing for targeted wavelengths to be changed as required
Amplifiers / Splitters • Amplifiers are available for boosting if necessary
• Normally used if multiple splitters are to be used or distances are extreme (Tens to hundreds of miles)
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16 Channel WDM – I/O Converter Box
• 3U CPCI form factor
• Universal System to accept different I/O to Fiber
Converters
• Simple replacement of WDM Fiber Wavelengths via
SFP and I/O Modules
16 Channel WDM – OLP + Mux/DeMux
17
• Mux/DeMux + OLP in one 2U box
• Support SNMP for system status and control
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Demo System
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Demo System close up view
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Rugged WDM
• Meets MIL-S-901D, MIL-STD-167-1,
MIL-STD-461,
• Adapter System Allows for Ease of
Configuration
• I/O WDM Converters and I/O Adapters can
be changed out as required
• Height of unit varies depending upon
number of desired channels