Wave Erosion

16.2 Review

Headlands

• Resistant rock left that projects into the ocean

• Typically granites or very very resitant sandstone

Sea Caves

Sea Arch

Sea Stacks

• Offshore isolated columns of rock that were once attached to a headland

Shoreline Erosion- large waves during storms hit the shore so hard that it pulls the rock off and into the ocean.

Sea Cliffs- a steep structure of rock located where waves strike directly against rock.

Sea Caves, Arches, and Stacks-large holes along the base of a sea cliff, offshore isolated columns of rock.

Terraces- a level platform underneath the water at the base of a sea cliff.

- Wave-cut terrace

Wave-built terrace-an extension of a wave-cut terrace.

Terraces

• Wave-cut- when sea cliffs retreat, terraces are built due to erosion by waves

• wave-built- due to material being eroded away from retreating terraces, those deposits may accumulate to build terraces

Coastline and sea level changes-the sea level rises and falls depending on the amount of ocean water.

Coastline and Land Changes- Coastlines can be flooded if land sinks, and can be exposed if the land rises.

Submergent Coastlines- formed when the sea level rises or land sinks. Inlets between land.

Emergent Coastlines- formed when land rises or sea level falls.

Ancient wave-cut terraces

Beaches- depositions of sand along an ocean shore.

-composition depends on the source rock.

Berm- the raised section on most beaches.

Sand Bar- underwater ridges.

Longshore-Currents are created by waves moving at an angle to the shoreline push water along the shore.

Spit- a long narrow deposit do sand at one end of the shore.

Tombolos-connections from offshore islands to main lands.

Green Sand?

Longshore currents

Barrier Island- long narrow offshore ridges of sand.

Coral Reefs- coastal features that are homes to small marine animals that live in warm shallow sea water.

-fringing reef-around the coast of an island.

-barrier reef-coral offshore around the remaining of the volcano.

-atoll-circular coral reef surrounding a shallow lagoon.

Barrier Island

Barrier Reef

Fringing Reef

Atoll