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Feasibility analysis of

recharging the systemaquifers mantles inthe basin of Mexico

Valley.

M. Pa t i ño , A . Bal ank i n ,

J . Pa t iñ o , I . Bad i l l o

National Polytechnic Institute, México.

Waterloo ON, Canada – 2010

Rainfall for improvingthe sustainability ofthe hydraulic system

of Mexico Valley.

E. Orduñez I. Badillo,

R. Tejeida

The 54th. Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences

1

WILFRIED LAURIER UNIVERSITY

7/29/2019 WATERLOO 2010 rev1 (1).ppt


Ancient MÉXICO city

(TENOCHTITLAN)(1521)

2

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(actual )(2010)

3

city

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Map 1. Political entities over Mexico Valley

Basin

Metropolitan

Zone of Mexico

Valley (MZMV)

4

D. F.

MZMV

MEXICO

STATE

PUEBLAMORELOS

TLAXCALA

HIDALGO

Federal

District

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Basin aquifers

Rain

Clouds

Lakes

Percolation

Deep

50-500 mts.

3D – Percolation Model

Percolation

- Rain volumes

- Rain speed

- Geologic parameters (d, f, h, etc.)

- Etc. 5

Mexico Valley Basin

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Drainage out

of the valley

Return to

Aquifers

recharge

MEXICO VALLEY BASIN

Treated

recycled

water

Surface run off

in the valley

Rainfall atmosphere

Aquifers

recharge

Imported

6

Schematic Distribution of rainfall in the Mexico Valley

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R

B

R

B

S

S

S

S

D e l a y

Resources limit

(rivers, lakes, springs, etc)

Net gain for A

Net gain for B

A´s activity

B´s activity

Gain per

Individual activity

S

S

Total

activity

S

SS

R = Reinforced feedback

B = Balancing feedback

S = Same

O = Opposite

O

Source: Maani KE & Cavana RY (2007), Systems Thinking, Systems Dynamics 7

Causal loop diagram: “THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS ARCHETYPE”

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CONCEPTS Unit of Measure 1521 (1) 2010 (1)

BASIN AREA km2 9674 9674

LAKES AREA Km2 1100 20.5

NUMBER OF NATURAL LAKES Lakes 7 Clean 3 Polluted

NUMBER OF RIVERS Rivers 45 Clean 45 Polluted

CITY AREA km2 15 2000

POPULATION Millions 1 22

MAIN DOMESTIC SOURCES

OF DRINKING WATER Source

RAIN StorageLAKES

RIVERS

SPRINGS

RAIN Storage 0%LAKES 0%

RIVERS 0%

SPRINGS 0%

AQUIFERS 73%

RECYCLED 0%

IMPORTED 27%

TOTAL 100 %

(1) Legorreta J., 2009, Ríos Lagos y Manantiales, UAM, México D.F.

(2) Adapted from Rodríguez C., 2008, La Megalópolis hacia 2040, UAM, México D.F.

Sources :

8

SUMMARY OF CHANGES DUE TO THE TRAGEDY

2040 (2)

9674

20.5

3 Clean

45 Clean

5100

55.7

RAIN Storage 50%LAKES 2%RIVERS 2%SPRINGS 1%

AQUIFERS 5%RECYCLED 40%

IMPORTED 0%TOTAL 100 %

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Rainfall Precipitation

(338 m3/sec.)

Infiltration

60 m3/sec

(18%)

Streams

45 m3/sec

(13%)

Evaporation -

Transpiration

233 m3/seg.

(69%)

9Water requirements: 2010 64 m3/s, 2040 100m3/s

Actual Distribution of rainfall in Mexico Valley (in M3/seg)

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10

RECOMMENDATIONS (1)

Project: PICCT08 - 38

Results

Analysis to obtain

new parameters:

Underground

Flows

(ICyTDF, Mexico)

3D Percolation Model

,

Proposal andRecommendations

for the government

of Mexico City

Time

Rain andGeological Variables

Method

Fractal

Months - years

Classical

Time

Method

Rain and

Geological Variables

Short Medium Large

Fractal

Rain volumes

Percolation

Variables Specifications:

Imminent

Others . . .

Geologic parameters

( h, etc.

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Rainy season Dry season

Time (Months, years)

G r o u n d w a t e r L e v e l ( M 3 )

Resilience Level

f (rain, time, percolation, etc.)

f (demand, extraction, time, etc.)

11

RECOMMENDATIONS (cont)

G r o u n d w a t e r L e v e l ( M 3 )

Rainy season Dry season Time( years )

Resilience Level

Rainy season Dry season Rainy season Dry season

PRELIMINARY: Conceptual model of aquifers recharge

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PREREQUISITE: Rainfall separation in 45 rivers

• a) Surface covered tanks all over the urban area

• b) Underground tank surrounding the urban area.

• c) Reservoirs all over the Valley

• d) Adsorption wells all over the urban area.

• e) Massive cobblestones on secondary streets.

• f) Rainwater storage in houses and buildings.

• g) Massive reforestation of originally forested areas and

construction of new forests.• h) Protection of farming soil with litter.

12


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Clean riverbed

Drainage tubes

Clean riverbed

Concrete paving stone

Natural riverbed polluted

13


PREREQUISITE: Rainfall separation in 45 rivers

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-

Inlet

Inlet

Outlet Drinking water

Inlet

Inlet

Inlet

Outlet

treatment plant

Solids trap

14


Ring shaped underground tank

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1

2

3

4

5

6

71 Dwelling house

2 Tank for rainwater

3 Tank for water of the supply

system

4 Rainfall run off

5 Tank for rainwater storage

6 Pumping equipment

7 Yard

15


Home Rainwater collecting system

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1.- Restore the lost feedbacks of the hydraulic systems both naturals and governmental.

2.- The improvement of the situation, from a systemic perspective, will provide a set of

satisfactory actions that may reduce the problem of supply and also, some inherent

problems that are emerging in different areas of the city, caused by the shortage of the

vital liquid, both underground in aquifers and in surface storages.

Water for the benefit of the population of the Valley comes from groundwater(recharge + granted overexploitation) (43 m3/s), plus importation (15.9 m3/s), plus

runoff (1.4 m3/s), giving 60.3 m3/s, the latter quantity is about 18% of the rainfall (338

m3/s).

This is really a paradox, because despite the fact that rainfall is abundant, it is not used.

The above quantities highlight the need to design and develop new methods andtechnologies that allow better utilization of rainwater.

Note:

The development of this project is in the initial stage (10%). The project is funded by the Institute of Science and Technology of the

Federal District (ICyTDF).

16

SOME CONCLUSIONS

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17

waterloo 2010 rev1 (1).ppt

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