waterfowl communities zoology 14 february 2011 donald winslow
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Waterfowl communities
Zoology
14 February 2011
Donald Winslow
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What are waterfowl?
• Kingdom Animalia– Phylum Chordata
• Class Aves– Order Anseriformes
» Family Anatidae (swans, geese, ducks)
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Other waterbirds we may see
• Order Podicipediformes (grebes)• Order Pelecaniformes
(pelicans & cormorants)
• Order Ciconiiformes (herons & egrets)• Order Falconiformes (e.g. Bald Eagle)• Order Gruiformes (e.g. American Coot)• Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls)• Order Coraciiformes (kingfishers)
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What is a community?
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What is a community?A group of individuals of different species interacting with each other.
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Objective of waterfowl exercise:
Determine how composition of waterbird communities are affected by size of lake, habitat, human disturbance, etc.
As the size of a lake increases, the proportion of area where the water is deep increases.
We would expect that birds that forage in deep water would have a higher relative abundance at larger lakes.
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Dabbling and diving ducks
• Dabblers eat a lot of vegetation and tend to forage in shallow water near the shore.
• Diving ducks eat more fish and forage in deeper water.
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What’s relative abundance?
• The proportion of individuals in a community that are a given species.
• Example: If there are 100 ducks and 70 of them are Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), the relative abundance of Mallards is 0.7.
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Hypothesis: Bird species which forage in deep water would have higher relative abundance at a large lake than at a small lake.
• Prediction: Diving ducks would have a higher relative abundance at a large lake than at a small lake.
• Prediction: Dabbling ducks would have a higher relative abundance at a small lake than at a large lake.
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Dabblers
Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors)
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Diving Ducks
Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris)
Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
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Study design
• Count waterbirds at lakes of varying size.
• Classify duck species as divers or dabblers.
• Classify other species by feeding habits or other relevant variables
• Determine whether predictions of hypothesis are met.
• Draw conclusions.
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Resources online
• http://www.okbirds.org
• http://www.suttoncenter.org
• http://donaldwinslow.info