watercolor flow, color, concept and history
TRANSCRIPT
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Watercolor First Day Summer 2016
Glenn Hirsch, Instructor
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watercolor is about COLOR
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color that is LAYERED in TRANSPARENT glazes
Emile Nolde 1923
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Emile Nolde
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Emile Nolde
German Expressionist artists favored watercolor to convey strong emotion
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watercolor is about WATER
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flowing, spontaneous and freeJohn Singer Sargent, c. 1912
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John Singer Sargent, c. 1920
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Watercolor in about DRAWING
John Singer Sargent, c. 1919
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Watercolor is about PORTABILITYallows painting outside, capturing the moment
Joseph Turner, Venice Sunrise, 1840, 8 x10 in
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watercolor is about the BRUSH
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Brush technique can be smooth and seamless, or wild and free or ... something in between
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Oskar Kokoschka, c. 1922
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A really flowing brush- a wild party !Andre Derain, c. 1910
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Georgia O'Keefe, c. 1920
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When brush marks are minimized, then watercolor can also achieve amazing photo realism!
Mary Snowden, c. 1985
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“Photorealist“ watercolor like this demands perfect drawing which is then patiently 'colored-in'
Richard McLean, 1975
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Robert Bechtel, 1985
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Student work, John Heisch
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watercolor in HISTORY
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ARTISTS FAMOUS FOR THEIR WATERCOLORS
Franklin BoothFranz MarcFred MartinFrederick Childe HassamGeorgia O'KeefeGerard Richter Gustave DoreHelen FrankenthalerHonore DaumierJohn ConstableJohn James AudubonJohn MarinJohn Singer SargentJoseph William TurnerJoseph Raffael
Lisbeth SpengerLouise StanleyMary CassatMary SnowdenMaurice PrendergastPaul Cezanne Paul KleePhilip PearlsteinRaoul DufyRobert BechtleSam FrancisThomas EakinsThomas GainsboroughThomas MoranWassily KandinskyWilliam BlakeWinslow Homer
Albrecht DürerAnders ZornAndrew WyethArthur DoveArthur RackhamArthur SzykCharles BurchfieldCharles DemuthEdmund DulacEdward HopperEgon SchieleEmil NoldeEric FischlErnst Ludwig KirchnerEugene DelacroixFrancesco Clemente
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watercolor was traditionally used to plan large, complex oil paintingsEugene Delacroix, c. 1835
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Watercolor was traditionally used to capture natureClaude Lorraine, 1630
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Before photography, watercolor was used by explorers to document their travels
Karl Bodmer (1809-1893), Portrait of Kiäsax
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Watercolor was popular among the French Impressionists
Berthe Morisot, 1885
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Watercolor has always been favored by artists who use their imagination.
Gustav Moreau (1826-1898)Sappho
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Watercolor has always been favored by artists who use their imagination.
Study for sculpture by Claus Oldenberg, 1964
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Today many contemporary artists continue to use watercolor as their primary medium Elizabeth Peyton
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Elizabeth Peyton
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what is watercolor made of?
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watercolor is powdered pigment suspended in gum arabic, with a little glycerin and honey added.
pigments are derived from minerals, plants or metals
gum arabic is exuded by acacia trees, used in the food industry, in glue, as the binder for watercolor paints, and in incense.
glycerin is a colorless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture. It is used as an emollient and laxative, and for making
explosives and antifreeze.
honey added so it's more gooey!
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what is watercolor technique?
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control the value of the color by DILUTING IT WITH WATER– start with very light tones and only use dark at the end
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In a landscape, light tones recede and dark tones advance
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paint the background first and let it DRY
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white paint is not usedinstead the white is 'reserved'
allowing the paper to show through
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Andrew Wyeth
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Andrew Wyeth
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“Reserving the white” = preserving the white paper where you want “white”
Hirsch
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Work from light to dark
Allow each step to dry before proceeding to the next
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Step by Step
Work from light to dark
Allow each step to dry before proceeding to the next
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Student work in progress – on a large 30x40 paper taped to a table
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the brown and pink is painted underneath, and then the dark blue sky is painted on top, after the bottom layer is dry !
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Watercolor can also be combined with opaque white gouache or acrylic in a ‘mixed media’ technique.
you can see white strokes painted on the hull of the boat, and then glazed over with a transparent blue.
John Singer Sargent, (detail), c. 1920
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Color ‘Theory’
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we use warm and cool versions of each color to enhance the feeling of “light”
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the chromatic scale
• Light to dark• Bright to dull• Warm to cool
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The chromatic scale enhances the illusion of “light”
• Lighter value in the light• Brighter intensity in the light• Warmer (orangey) red in the light
(vs bluer purplish red) in the shadow
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Charles Demuth, 1930
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What’s ahead:syllabus week by
week
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Week 2
still life (apples) + more color ‘theory’
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next week bring an apple to class
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Then the homework is to paint a still life
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Joseph Raffael
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week 3: paint a master study
and then an original response to it
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Student study of Winslow Homer and response (working from a photo)
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study of Oskar Kokoschka and student response (working from a National Geographic photo)
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Top: student study of John Singer Sargent Bottom: response: painting of a figure
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student study of Winslow Homer and then a painting of student’s front yard in his style
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Weeks 3-4: trees and landscape space
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John Singer Sargent, 1900
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Hirsch
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Hirsch
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Student workSusan Shipley
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Student work Leslie Flemming
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Student work Kevin Dame
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Student workEllen Fox
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student work
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week 6-7portraits
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John Singer Sargent, 1910
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Emile Nolde 1930
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Louise Stanley 1996
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weeks 8-9-10course project:
a series of 3+ paintings
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what we’ll do today
ABSTRACTION
exploring the brush
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How many ways are there to use a brush?
Wet-in-WetWet-over-dry
Stamping, Rolling, ScratchingDry BrushImpasto
Transparent glazes
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Helen Frankenthaler
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Mark Rothko
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Fred Martin
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Fred Martin