water, water, everywhere… miss knight and mrs. byers
TRANSCRIPT
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Water, Water, Everywhere…
Miss Knight and Mrs. Byers
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Consider this…
• Describe as best as you can where the water in your home comes from.
• Do you think that the water you drink at home is pure or
polluted?
Explain your answer.
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• Precipitation-water falling to the ground as rain, snow, sleet orhail• Condensation- when water is converted intoliquid form from the gas form (ex. cup “sweats” on a hot day) (ex. clouds form)
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• Evaporation- water being turned into avapor from the liquid form(returns to air)• Transpiration- evaporation from plants’ leaves
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• Runoff- water flow over soil from precipitation that leads to a body of water
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• Runoff is sometimes called non-point source. If non-point source contains man-made pollutants it is called non-point source pollution…more to come later on this
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Water is Renewable!
• Water cycle recycles water naturally
• So why is there a water scarcity?
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World’s Water
• Only 3% of the world’s water is freshwater
• .01% of all Earth’s is accessible drinking water– Soil– Usable groundwater– Water vapor– Lakes and streams
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Where’s the Water?
• Two sources of water– Surface water
– Groundwater
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Surface Water
• Water on the Earth’s surface– Rivers– Streams– Lakes– Wetlands
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How are rivers made?
• All rivers are the result of precipitation.
• So how did large rivers, such as the Mississippi, get so large?
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Watersheds• Rivers are formed from land areas
draining to a common point
• These land
areas are called
watersheds
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What determines where water will drain?
• Water drains from areas of high elevation to lower elevation
• Watershed boundaries are determined by elevation of the
surrounding land
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Groundwater• Water that is stored underground
• Gets underground by seeping through the soil
• Area of land that precipitation seeps through is called recharge zone
• Water is stored underground in aquifers
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Aquifers• Can be made of gravel, stone, sand
• Holds water that can be used by people
• Wells are designed to tap into the aquifer’s reserve
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• Groundwater can dissolve rock formations and sinkholes can form
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Why is water so important?
• Drinking
• Aquatic and marine life
• Industry & mining
• Cleaning
• Growing food
• Vegetation
• Heating and cooling
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Water Usage in the U.S.• Residential Use per Person
– Lawn watering (95 L/day)– Toilets flushing (90 L/day)– Bathing/Showers (70 L/day)– Brushing teeth with water running (10 L/day)– Cleaning (20 L/day)– Cooking and Drinking (10 L/day)– Other (5 L/day)
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Other Uses of Water
• Industrial Use– Make goods– Dispose of waste– Generate power
• 1,000 L of water to make 2.2 lbs of aluminum!• (another reason to recycle!)
• Agricultural Use– Watering crops
• 300 L of water to produce one ear of corn!
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What can we do to get more water?
• Desalination-– 2 main ways
• Heating water and collecting the steam to re-condense into drinking water
• Reverse osmosis- applying pressure causing water to flow against the concentration gradient using a semi-permeable membrane to separate the salt
• Transport Ice- – To areas in need of fresh drinking water
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Take a minute…
• If we can desalt water, why are we running out?
• It is costly! Many poorer countries are the ones struggling with freshwater availability
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So what are other options?
• Water conservation!• How can you conserve water?• Low-flow toilets and showerheads• Water the lawn at night• Turn off the faucet when brushing your teeth• Take shorter showers• Fill washing machine and dishwasher, do not run
half-full loads