Water Third Grade IDEA PAGES

By: Cindy Simonson and Mia Ernst Adapted from L. Meyers-Jacks and E. Thaddeus

I. Unit Theme

• Water is an Earth material with properties of solid, liquid and gas.

• The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement.

II. Focus/Motivation • Big Books: The Important Thing Water….. • Picture File Cards • Observation Charrts • Water Cycle Awards • Inquiry chart • Process Grid

III. Closure • Process all charts • Group Presentations of team tasks • Video: (Videostreaming) Water: A First Look, The Importance of

Water, Water Cycle (with Mrs. Frizzle) • Student-authored books

IV. Concepts (See Curriculum Guide)

V. Vocabulary absorb bead flow property slope surface tension water Earth material contract expand float sink condense evaporate seriate surface area water cycle water vapor soak drain *more words are found in the curriculum guide

VI. Content Standards for English Language Arts (See District’s Standards)

VII. Math/Science/Social Studies Skills (See District’s Standards)

VIII. Resources and Materials

Non-Fiction • Hands on Science: Matter and Materials, Peter Mellet (Kingfisher) • How did we find out about atoms?, Isaac Asimov • Chem-Pacs, Baker, Beth, et. al. • Science Tricks and Magic for Young People, George Barr • Atoms and Cells, Lionel Bender • Elements of the Week, Sue Berger, et. al. • Simple Physics Experiments with Everyday Materials, Judy Breckenridge • 333 Science Tricks & Experiments, Robert Brown • Amazing Science Experiments with Everyday Materials, Richard Churchill • Doing Children’s Museums: A Guide to 265 Hands-on Museums, Joanne

Cleaver • Why Can’t You Unscramble an Egg? And Other Not Such Dumb Questions

About Matter, Vicki Cobb • Matter, Christopher Cooper • Matter, Phil Parratore • From Glasses to Gasses: The Science of Matter, David J. Darling • Reactions & Reasons: An Introductory Chemistry Module, Henry Heikkinen

& Gordon Atkinson • Exploring Chemical Elements and Their Compounds, David Heiserman • Mr. Wizard’s Experiments for Young Scientists, Don Herbert • Invitations to Science Inquiry, Tik L. Liem • Wacky Science: A Cookbook for Elementary Teachers, Phil M. Parratore • Sciencing: Toward Logical Thinking, Darrell G. Phillips • Weird & Wonderful Science Facts, Magnus Pyke • Oobleck: What Do Scientists Do?, Cary I. Sneider • Learning English Through Science, Francis X. Sutman, et. al. • Janice VanCleave’s 200 Gooey, Slippery, Slimy, Weird, & Fun Experiments,

Janice VanCleave • Teaching Physical Science Through Children’s Literature, Susan Gertz, et. al. • Michelle Kwan: Heart of a Champion, Michelle Kwan • Mae Jamison: Space Scientist, Gail Sakurai Fiction • Science Through Children’s Literature, Carol Butzow, et. al. • Harry Potter (series), J.K. Rowling • The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg, Retold from Aesop • Cloudy With a Chance of Meatballs, Judi Barrett, et. al. • Monster Behind Black Rock, John Varga • La Bamba, Gary Soto • The Fear Place, Phyllis Naylor • Island of the Blue Dolphins, Scott O’Dell • Supergrandpa, David M. Schwartz

• Off and Running, Gary Soto • Ice Story: Shackleton’s Lost Expedition, Elizabeth Kimmel • The Wild Colorado, Richard Maurer • White Water, P.J. Peterson • Top of the World: Climbing Mount Everest, Steve Jenkins Other Books

What Makes It Rain? By Keith Brandt The Mother Ditch by Oliver LaFarge (ISBN: 0613770293) Water: Liquid, Solid, Gas, by Fay Robinson (Wright Group TWiG Books) Save the River! by Sarah Glasscock (Steck-Vaughn: Pair-It Books) Getting the Water We Need; Getting Rid of Waste Water; How Faucets Work by Fred and Jeanne Biddulph (The Wright Group: Sunshine Books) World of Water by William T. Ryan (Newbridge: Discovery Links) A River Ran Wild by Lynne Cherry Down Comes the Rain by Branley, Franklyn M. Branley (Harper Collins: Let's Read and Learn about Science 1983) Follow the Water from Brook to Ocean by Arthur Dorros (Harper Collins, 1991) The Drop in My Drink: The Story of Water on Our Planet by Meredith Hooper (Viking/ Penguin Putnam 1998) Re-cycles by Michael Elsohn Ross (Milbrook Press: Cycles 2002) The Snowflake: A Water Cycle Story by Neil Waldman (Milbrook Press, 2003) A Drop Of Water: A Book of Science and Wonder by Walter Wick (Scholastic, 1997) INTERNET RESOURCES FOR TEACHERS http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/hydrocycle/hydro1.html http://www.cabq.gov/waterconservation/ (possibly for students as well) http://www.unm.edu/~abqteach/EnvirCUs/99-03-04.htm (Rio Grande River) http://nmculturenet.org/heritage/river/pages/language.html#overview (Lesson Series on studying the Rio Grande) http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html (includes water cycle diagram in over 30 languages, detailed summary of water cycle in Spanish INTERNET RESOURCES FOR STUDENTS http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/droplet.html http://www.cet.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html http://www.epa.gov/region7/kids/drnk_b.htm http://www.units.muohio.edu/dragonfly/water/

RESOURCES IN SPANISH http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclespanish.html http://water.usgs.gov/gotita/ http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/water_cycle.sp.html

El autobus mágico: Viaja por el agua by Joanna Cole and Bruce Deben (Scholastic: Magic School Bus) El autobus mágico: Se salpica todo by Joanna Cole (Scholastic: Magic School Bus) Experimentamos con el agua by Bryan Murphy (Two Can Publishers) El agua tiene piel by Helen Taylor (Sigma: Colección aunque no lo creas)

Super Scientist Awards (Below are the text and image links for the Super Scientist Awards.)

LIQUID

SOLID

GAS

Scientist Award Text (just add pictures)

Water evaporates to become clouds. Chemists call clouds “water vapor” or “steam”. The water gets heated by the sun and turns into steam. Once this steam is cooled it condenses to create rain. The amount of water in the world is always the same. Oceans are large bodies of water. Unlike the water we drink, ocean water is salt water. Meaning the water contains salt. One type of salt is sodium chloride. This is the combination of a sodium element and chlorine element. This is why ocean water tastes bad. Over 97% of the water in the world is in the oceans.

Ice is formed from water getting cold enough to freeze. Ice melts as it gets warm and turns back into water. The water flows in rivers to the ocean. Gold is a pure type of metal. Gold is an element. It is very valuable. Jewelry is often made out of gold. Metals conduct heat and electricity. Aluminum oxide is a blended metal. Aluminum is a pure metal but with the added oxygen it becomes stronger yet is called an impure metal. Metals conduct heat and electricity. Rivers come from water vapor or steam in clouds condensing to become rain. It also comes from melting snow and ice in the mountains. The river water flows from the land to ocean. Chemists are scientists who study matter. Matter is solid, liquid, and gas. Everything around us is a type of matter. Dry ice is very cold. It is colder than most places on Earth. Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a gas that we breathe out. It is also found in soda as carbonation. Condensation is the process of warm water vapor or steam cooling to become water. In clouds, it becomes rain. On windows and glasses of water, it is small drops of water.

WATER CONSERVATIONIST AWARD HYDROLOGIST AWARD http://www.therapyresourcesinc.com/images/Snowflake.gif Below 32 degrees Fahrenheit, water freezes into ice. Ice crystals have six fold symmetry. http://krlphotography.typepad.com/photos/water_and_ice/waterdrops.jpg Liquid water condenses into droplets in clouds, or on cold surfaces. http://www.ooer.com/content/photos/photos/drops.jpg Fresh water is a precious resource. Only 3% of our world’s water is fresh water. The remaining 97% is in the ocean. http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/ce/eek/earth/groundwater/images/groundwater.gif Water does not stay in the ocean forever. The sun's energy heats the water and changes some of the water molecules from liquid into gas. They become water vapor and rise up into the air. Water, or moisture, in the air is called humidity. http://www.chanceandchoice.com/ChanceandChoice/waterstructure.jpg The smallest unit of water is called a water molecule. It is also known as H2O because it is made of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. http://www.ancient-egypt-online.com/images/map-of-nile-river.jpg The longest river in the world is the Nile River. It is located in northeastern Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. http://away.com/images/ideas/south_america/amazon-river.jpg The second-longest river in the world is the Amazon River. It is located in northeastern South America and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. http://www.johndaly.com/TwistedPhotos/albums/album19030305051515085707/rio_grande.jpg The Rio Grande begins in southern Colorado and flows through the southwest part of the United States and passes right through Albuquerque. It is the border between Mexico and Texas and flows into the Gulf of Mexico. http://www.schillerinstitute.org/graphics/photos/Three_Gorges.jpg The third-longest river is the Yangtze River. It flows across south-central China into the East China Sea.

http://www.mostateparks.com/confluence/confluence.jpg The Missouri River flows into the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River has the third largest drainage basin in the world. http://www.medscape.com/content/2003/00/44/79/447916/art-eid447916.fig1.jpg The Rio Grande begins in southern Colorado and flows through the southwest part of the United States and passes right through Albuquerque. It is the border between Mexico and Texas and flows into the Gulf of Mexico. http://www.medscape.com/content/2003/00/44/79/447916/art-eid447916.fig1.jpg The Rio Grande River separates the border between Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, USA.

Water Third Grade

Planning Pages Water Unit

Investigation 1

Water Observations • Part 1: Looking at Water • Part 2: Surface Tension • Part 3: Water on a Slope

Investigation 2 Hot Water, Cold Water

• Part 1: Build a Thermometer • Part 2: Sinking and Floating Water • Part 3: Water as Ice

Investigation 3 Water Vapor

• Part 1: Evaporation • Part 2: Evaporation Locations • Part 3: Surface Area • Part 4: Condensation

Investigation 4 Water Works

• Part 1: Water in Earth Materials

Water Third Grade

Planning Pages

I. Focus/Motivation • Cognitive Content Dictionary with signal word • Important Book about water • Observation chart • Scientist awards • Inquire chart • Spokane Aquifer visit

II. Input • Pictorial Input Chart: Parts of the Scientific Process (?) • Pictorial Input Chart: Water Cycle • Pictorial Input Chart: solid, liquid, gases • Narrative Input Chart: What Makes it Rain? By Keith Brandt • Expert groups • Science Investigations

III. Guided Oral Practice • 10-2’s • T-graph for cooperation • Team tasks • Chants • Poetry • Processing charts • Sentence patterning chart

IV. Reading/Writing Activities A. Whole class modeling:

• Observation Chart • Inquiry Chart • Big Book • Input charts • Process grid • Cooperative strip paragraph • Chants • Read alouds • Cognitive Content Dictionary

• Sentence Patterning Chart • Coop strip Paragraph • Mind Mp • Story map

B. Small Group Practice (teams) • Anything done above with whole class • Team points • Expert Groups • Sentence Patterning Chart (Reading and Trading

games) C. Individual Tasks

• Learning logs • Interactive journal writing • Cognitive Content Dictionary (District’s vocab book) • Anything done above with the whole class or small

groups • Home-school connections • Scientist awards

D. Literacy • Mini-lesson • Write • Author’s Chair • Conference

V. Extension Activities • Aquifer • Science Investigation • Videostreaming • Art projects (hydrogen molecule hat)

VI. Closure Evaluation • Portfolio assessment • Personal Process grid • Home-School connection • District assessments

Water Third Grade

Sample Daily Lesson Plans

Day 1, Week 1 (Investigation 1) Focus/Motivation

• Water awards • Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word • Observation charts • Big Book: The Most Important Thing about Water • Inquiry Chart: What do you know about water? What would you like

to learn? Guided Oral Practice

• T-graph: Cooperation • Team points • Poetry:

Input

• Pictorial Input Chart: Water on Earth Reading and Writing

• Interactive Writing Closure

• Home-school connection • Poetry

Water Third Grade

Sample Daily Lesson Plans

Day 2. Week 2 (Investigation 2) Focus/Motivation

• Water awards • Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word • Big Book: • Inquiry Chart: •

Guided Oral Practice • Team points • Team task • Poetry:

Input

• Narrative Input Chart: What makes rain? By Keith Brandt • Pictorial Input Chart: The Water Cycle

Reading and Writing

• Expert Groups • Learning Logs

Closure

• Home-school connection • Poetry/Chant

Water Third Grade

Sample Daily Lesson Plans Day 3, Week 3 (Investigation 3) Focus/Motivation

• Super-Scientist Awards • Process Home-School Connection • Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word • Review narrative input chart with word cards & conversation bubbles • Chants: Review/highlight •

Guided Oral Practice • Sentence Patterning Chart

o Reading game o Trading game o Flip Chant

Reading and Writing

• Mind Map • Process Grid game • Cooperative Strip Paragraph

o Respond o Revise o Edit

Closure

• Home-School Connection • Process Inquiry chart

Water Third Grade

Sample Daily Lesson Plans Day 4 & 5, Week 4 (Investigation 4) Focus/Motivation

• Super-Scientist Awards • Process Home-School Connection • Review narrative input chart with word cards & conversation bubbles • Chants: Review/highlight

o Flip Chant READING AND WRITING

• Flexible Reading Groups: o Cooperative Strip Paragraph (Struggling readers) o Clunkers and Links (at or above grade level) o ELD Group Frame

• Team tasks: team self-evaluation with Cooperation Chart • Cognitive Content Dictionary with Signal Word

o Stumper word • Listen and Sketch • Ear to Ear Reading

CLOSURE

• Interactive Journals • Home/ School Connection • Oral Evaluation • Parent Letter home

Day 5 FOCUS/MOTIVATION

• Super Scientist Awards • Cognitive Content Dictionary with Stumper Word

INPUT

• Review narrative with acting out the story GUIDED ORAL PRACICE

• Chants

READING AND WRITING

• Ear-to-ear Reading • Listen and Sketch • Walk the Walls and personal cognitive content dictionary • Found Poetry

CLOSURE

• Process inquiry chart • Choral reading of poetry • Letter home to parents • Evaluate week

The Important Book About Water Originally written by Eva Thaddeus

Further developed by Cindy Simonson

The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Water is always moving. A drop of water runs downhill because of the force of gravity pulling on it. Other drops in its path are pulled into the drop…making a larger and larger drop. Just like these drops, small streams run downhill and combine to become big streams. Big streams merge to form rivers. And rivers run into the ocean at last. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Water does not stay in the ocean forever. The sun's energy heats the water and changes some of the water molecules from liquid into gas. They become water vapor and rise up into the air. Water, or moisture, in the air is called humidity. This water forms into clouds. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement.

The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Water does not stay in the air forever. Water vapor cools and forms into masses of water droplets called clouds. This process is called condensation. When the conditions are right, the water in clouds falls to earth as precipitation - rain, snow, sleet, or hail. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement.

The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. After rain or snow, some of the liquid soaks into the soil. This process is called infiltration. Some of the water is pulled by gravity deeper underground. It becomes part of what is called the ground water. Our aquifer is part of this ground water. Some of the water is also taken up by the roots of plants. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Water does not stay in plants forever. The extra water that plants do not use to make food evaporates through their leaves. It, too, turns into water vapor and rises up into the air. This process is called transpiration. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Depending on the temperature, water can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Ice and snow are solid forms of water. Water vapor, which is invisible to the eye, is water which has become a gas. You can see water change when you freeze it or boil it. When you freeze it, you turn it into ice, and when you boil it, it becomes water vapor. Water is the only earth material that can form into all three states: solid, liquid, and gas. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement.

The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Water expands when heated and then contracts when it cools. But when it gets down to 4°C or lower it begins to make ice, and expand again. Warm liquid water is less dense than cool liquid water. So cold water drops down below the warmest water, until it begins to freeze and then it goes to the surface again. Solid water or ice is less dense than liquid water, so ice floats. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. Water has observable properties. It is colorless, transparent, liquid, shapeless, and flows. It is absorbed by some materials, and beads up on others because of surface tension. The water’s surface tension pulls the water into spheres or drops. But the important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. The important thing about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement. The smallest unit of water is called a water molecule. This molecule is known as H2O because it is made of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. This water molecule can travel just about anywhere. A water molecule can be swallowed by you. It can be flushed down the toilet. It can sink down through earth materials, travel up through the roots of a plant, or flow down a river. It can become waves in the ocean, or make up part of the body of a

whale. Who knows -the same water molecules that you drink today may have been part of the world long ago! But the most important thing to remember about water is that it is always interacting, changing, and in movement.

PICTURE FILE CARDS Images for Observation Charts Hurricane Rita, 2005 http://community.theolympian.com/gallery/slideshow.php?set_albumName=album325 Large waves hitting sea wall http://www.liv.ac.uk/images/newsroom/press_releases/2005/03/Estoril.jpg coast of Peru with natural arch over water http://www.graphy.se/exhibits/JMF/Perukust_2.JPG close-up of raindrop on leaf http://7art-screensavers.com/free-clipart/7art-00007_large-round-rain- drop.shtml snowflake http://www.its.caltech.edu/~atomic/book/snowflake1.jpg geyser www.cs.utah.edu/ ~xwxue/nature.htm http://www.cs.mtu.edu/~yinma/life/images/YellowStonePark/ Old%20Faithful%20Gayser.jpg waterfall http://www.waterfall.com/images/SiteBuilder/w123.jpg hot spring in the snow http://www.mikelevin.com/YellowstoneGeyser1b-800.jpg mist rising http://www.mikelevin.com/YosemiteMist4-800.jpg Horseshoe bend on Colorado River www.livingwilderness.com/.../ horseshoe-bend.html Colorado River Grand Canyon http://www.piscesposters.com/russ/grandcanyon/canyon_fog.jpg New Orleans flooded http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/newsletter/2006jan/flood1.jpg http://www.sturm.to/blog/archives/new_orleans_flood.jpg http://badempire.com/uploaded_images/flood1-773516.jpg

irrigation http://www.albertapcf.ab.ca/grasslands/images/library/mixed/ Irrigation.JPG deep snow http://www.its.caltech.edu/~ph76a/japantour/part2/snow.jpg water pollution from mining http://www.stockpix.com/stock/environmentalissues/pollution/water/ 3104.jpg oil spill http://menlocampus.wr.usgs.gov/50years/accomplishments/images/ PWS_tanker_oil_spill.jpg sewage http://www.defiancecohealth.org/sewage.jpg corn in drought http://ianrhome.unl.edu/drought/photos/corn/image2pr.jpg river in drought http://sierraactivist.org/albums/drought/aaa.jpg Hoover Dam http://www.arizona-leisure.com/gfx/hoover-dam-11-lg.jpg Catching a big fish http://www.kalumriverlodge.com/fly-fishing/fly-fishing051.jpg Swimming in a river http://www.missouri.edu/fieldcamp/jpegs/swimming.jpg CLUNKERS AND LINKS reading resources for students Fresh Water Streams (1 page) http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/KidsStuff/winter97/winter.pdf Droplet and the Water Cycle: Once upon a time… http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/droplet.html

Background information for teacher: Water on Earth Pictorial input chart (Note: If you use the attached world map to make the input chart, write the names of the rivers not the numbers for the students.) Seventy percent of the Earth is covered with water. The other thirty percent is land. The Earth has six continents (seven). Continents are large masses of land surrounded by water. We live in North America in the United States in the state of _____________ in _____________ (mark on the map). To the south of North America is South America. To the west of North America is Eurasia. Some people consider these to be two different continents Europe and Asia. Below Eurasia there is Africa. Our last two continents are Australia and Antarctica. (During this part connect any stories or information that you have studied in class to the different continents.) Surrounding the continents are large bodies of water. These are called oceans. All of the oceans actually form one large body of water but scientists have named five different oceans on our planet. By far the largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean. This ocean is between Eurasia and Australia and North and South America. (Use a globe to illustrate that the Earth is round and why the name appears twice on maps.) This map is flat while the world is round so the name appears twice but there is only one Pacific Ocean. The next largest ocean is the Atlantic Ocean. This is between North and South America and Africa and Eurasia. The third largest ocean is the Indian Ocean which is south of Eurasia and east of Africa. Next we have the Southern Ocean which is north of Antarctica, and finally, we have the Arctic Ocean. The Southern Ocean and the Arctic Ocean are much smaller than the other three. It is very cold in these parts of the world and parts of these oceans are frozen. (http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean/) Ninety-seven percent of the water on the Earth is in the oceans. This water is salt water. The other three percent of the water on the Earth is in glaciers, polar ice caps, underground water, lakes, rivers, and the atmosphere. This water is fresh water. Water is a very important resource because humans and most animals need to drink fresh water in order to live. The only continent that has no rivers on it is Antarctica. Rivers are flowing bodies of water. Along with the oceans, they are an important part of the Earth’s water cycle. They generally start at a source, like a glacier or a natural spring. They flow down hill and smaller rivers and streams flow into larger ones. In the end, they flow into an ocean, sea or lake. Rivers provide drinking water, irrigation, transportation, hydroelectric power, and even recreation such as swimming and boating. The longest river in the world is the Nile River. It is located in northeastern Africa and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The second-longest river is the Amazon River. It is

located in northeastern South America and flows into the Atlantic Ocean. It is also the river with the biggest volume (the most water flowing through it). The third-longest river is the Yangtze River. It flows across south-central China into the East China Sea. (http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/rivers/ http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Rivers-Major-World.html) The Rio Grande begins in southern Colorado and flows through the southwest part of the United States and passes right through Albuquerque. It is the border between Mexico and Texas and flows into the Gulf of Mexico. (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578924/Rio_Grande_(river).html) The Missouri River flows into the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River has the third largest drainage basin in the world. Only the Amazon River and the Congo River drain more water. Over fourteen other major rivers flow into the Mississippi. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River) The Volga River is the longest river in Europe and is essential to the Russian economy. The Murray-Darling River is the longest in Australia and flows into the Southern Ocean. (http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/geography/murraydarlingriver.htm) As with most if not all major rivers, years and years of pollution are seriously threatening the humans and animals that live along the shores of these rivers. Many governments, world organizations and citizens groups are working to improve the conditions of these rivers. (If pollution and conservation are part of your standards, you could download pictures from the internet of some of these rivers and have a class discussion highlighting the cause and effect of human actions as well as what different groups and governments are doing to improve the conditions of the rivers. Students could also brainstorm other solutions, write letters, research a river in their area, etc.) (http://www.public.asu.edu/~goutam/gcu325/volga.htm, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines/041100-02.htm, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1756748.stm)

One more option:

Background information for teacher: The Water Cycle Pictorial input chart Because the water cycle is a cycle, we could begin the chart at any point. We will begin in the ocean. The ocean is salt water, which is water in liquid form. The surface of the ocean is called sea level. As the surface of the ocean is heated by the sun, some of the water molecules get very hot, so hot that they rise up into the air and become a gas. This is called evaporation. Water as a gas is called water vapor. It is invisible. When you hear about the humidity in the atmosphere, you are hearing about water vapor. If the water vapor in the atmosphere cools off, it will condense into small droplets of liquid. Droplets form around tiny particles of dust in the atmosphere. Large collections of these droplets are called clouds. As clouds get bigger and heavier, the droplets come together and form bigger drops. Finally they get too heavy to stay in the air, and they fall to the ground as precipitation. Precipitation can take the form of rain, which is a liquid, snow and hail, which are solids, or sleet, which is right on the edge between liquid and solid. When water falls on the ground, it can either soak in, or run off. Soaking in is called infiltration. The water goes into the ground and becomes part of the ground water. The top of the ground water is called the water table. Runoff moves downhill, pulled by the force of gravity. Smaller streams combine to make bigger streams. Water carries sediment with it - small pieces of rock and sand - and over time the shape of the land can be changed by the running water. This is called erosion. Streams combine to make rivers, and rivers continue running downhill until they meet the ocean. The water cycle begins again. Useful website: http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html

PPooeettrryy BBooookklleett:: WWaatteerr

Name _____________________

The Water Cycle Chant by Eva Thaddeus Little drops of water come together in the air. Condensation! Condensation! Rain, snow, sleet or hail. Precipitation! Precipitation! Water rises up in the form of a gas. Evaporation! Evaporation! The cycle starts again, let's hear the cheer. Condensation! Precipitation! Evaporation! Yeah!

Water, Water Everywhere by Lisa Meyer-Jacks and Eva Thaddeus

Water here, water there Water, water eveywhere

Energetic children swimming

Thirsty puppies drinking Sweaty exercisers showering

And smart students conserving

Water in the river Water under ground

Water through our pipes And water in my cup

Water here, water there Water, water eveywhere

Water! Water! Water!

Is This the Water Cycle? by Cindy Simonson

Is this the water cycle? Yes, it is. Is this the water cycle? Yes, it is.

How do you know? It repeats itself .How do you know? Water’s always moving.

Is this evaporation? Yes, it is. Is this evaporation? Yes, it is.

How do you know? Liquid into gas. How do you know? The water disappears.

Is this condensation? Yes, it is. Is this condensation? Yes, it is.

How do you know? Gas into liquid. How do you know? It appears again.

Is this precipitation? Yes, it is. Is this precipitation? Yes, it is.

How do you know? Liquid or a solid. How do you know? Falling from the sky.

Is this the water cycle? Yes, it is. Is this the water cycle? Yes, it is.

How do you know? It repeats itself. How do you know? Water keeps on moving.

What’s it called? Water cycle! Tell me again? Water cycle!

Water cycle! Water cycle!

Wa-ter cy-cle!

Expert name___________________

Evaporation

Evaporation is the process in which something is changed from a liquid to a vapor without its temperature reaching a boiling point. Evaporation is the main way that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle. Heat is necessary for evaporation to occur. Energy is used to break the bonds that hold water molecules together. This is why water evaporates at the boiling point (212˚ F), but evaporates much more slowly at the freezing point. Evaporation can occur at any temperature however the warmer the temperature of the water, the faster evaporation will occur. Oceans, seas, lakes and rivers provide nearly 90 percent of the moisture in the atmosphere through evaporation, with the remaining 10 percent being contributed by plant leaves.

Evaporation affects us through humidity – it keeps plants and animals from drying out. Evaporation is a cooling system. Imagine how cold your arm gets when the doctor rubs it with alcohol before he gives you a shot. Or after you have worked out in P.E. and are sweaty evaporates occurs and cools our body temperature.

Expert’s Name:_______________

Solid

The solid form of water is ice. When it is in this state it has both volume and shape. When water cools it loses energy and the molecules in the water slow down and stop moving, they then lock together to form a hard structure.

Ice is a solid, like metal and rock. But unlike metal and rock it is only solid at temperatures at or below 32º. If it reaches temperatures above 32º, it will melt and go back to its liquid state.

Ice can be found in many places. Both the North and South Poles are made up of sheets of ice. During our winter ice can be found on frozen ponds. Some examples of ice: the ice crystals that form snow flakes, icicles, icebergs, frost, hail, and the ice cubes we use to cool our drinks.

Ice has many functions in our world. We use it to cool things quickly like the water we drink. We use it to help keep the swelling down when we injure our body. Ice helps plants by allowing them to enter a dormant state (hibernation) so that they can rejuvenate and rest for their next season of life.

Expert’s Name_______________________

Condensation

One of the stages of the water cycle is condensation. This process does the opposite of evaporation. Condensation is the process by which water vapor (gas) changes to liquid water.

Condensation happens when you have reached a dew point. This occurs when warm air comes across a cold surface; the air around that surface begins to cool. As it cools it loses its ability to hold water vapor, eventually reaching the dew point and then it begins to condensate.

Condensation is found in many locations. A few of the places that condensation is found is in bathrooms or showers after running hot water. Another place condensation is found is on windows and doors of your home or classroom.

Some examples of condensation are when you can see your breath on a cold winter’s day. Another time is when you breathe on a window and you no longer can see through it. Have you ever had a glass of kool-aid or lemon aid in the summer and it looks sweaty, that is called condensation as well.

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Liquid

Liquid is fluid. It flows freely and its shape is determined by the container it fills. Liquid is free to move within the container. It does not have its own shape but it does have volume. Water is made of very tiny particles called molecules. Water stays a liquid between the temperatures of 33˚ through 212˚. At a temperature below 33˚ liquid will freeze into solid form, if the temperature is above 212˚ liquid will evaporate and the concentration of vapors will reach the gas state. Liquid can be found in many places. You see liquid water coming out of the faucet, when is rains, and when it is running in a river. Pure liquid water is free from salt, rocks, soil and garbage.

Water affects us in our environment in different ways. It keeps us hydrated, we use it for bathing and cleaning, we also cook with liquid. Our body is 66% water and our brain is made up of 70% water.

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Vapor

Water can be a liquid or solid but it can also be a gas. Water vapor is when water turns to gas. Vapor is both evaporation and condensation. Vapor is usually transparent and has no shape or volume. Molecule by molecule the drops of water drift and seem to disappear into the air.

Water can turn into vapor at any temperature. When water is in a vapor or gaseous state it can quickly turn into another form of water. For example heating water turns it into steam but when the steam hits the air it begins to cool to its liquid state.

Water vapor is found all around us in our atmosphere. The temperature for water to be in a vapor or gaseous state is between freezing 32˚F and boiling at 212˚F, vapors from water can be found at different temperatures for example steam can come from a teapot or bowl of soup when the vapor is hot. Other examples of types of vapor are fog, mist and clouds that are found when the vapors are cold.

Water vapor affects us in many ways. The moisture or humidity that comes from the water helps to keep our bodies, plants and animals hydrated. Humidity is the amount of water in the air that is formed from evaporation or condensation that are both products of water vapor.

Process Grid

Definition Location Examples Temperature

How it affects us.

Interesting facts

Water Vapor (gas state)

The gaseous state of water. It is usually transparent with no shape or volume.

Atmosphere or air

Steam, fog, mist, clouds

Less than 212 degrees

As the vapor is released, or evaporated, into out atmosphere it keeps plants and animals from drying out. As it cools, condensation occurs. This means the vapor is turning into liquid and it then becomes rain that becomes the water we need to survive.

Water vapor bounces of off warm surfaces and adheres to cold ones. This is when the process of condensation begins.

Water (liquid state)

A liquid earth material made of hydrogen and oxygen. In its liquid state it has no shape but has volume.

Surface of earth

Oceans, rivers, water that we drink, aquifer, body

33-212 degrees

Keeps us hydrated, use it to bath and clean, we need to survive. Use it in cooking

Ice (solid state)

Solid state of water. It has shape and volume.

Artic Ice sheet, frozen ponds, outside on a winter day

Ice, Snow Flakes, Hail, Freezing rain, ice cycles, frost

32 degrees or below

Cooling hot things quickly, as an anti inflammatory,

allows plants to enter a dormant state to rejuvenate.

Evaporation

The process by which liquid water changes into water vapor

Atmosphere (air) Occurs when liquid moves from bodies of water into the air

The drying of clothes after it rains, puddles disappearing off of the black top,

Can occur at any temperature however the warmer the temperature of the water, the faster evaporation will occur

Humidity: It keeps plants and animals from drying out. As a cooling system: when sweat evaporates it cools our body temp.

Condensation Opposite of evaporation The process by which water vapor changes to liquid water.

Baths and showers, windows and doors

Seeing your breath on a cold day, or when you breath on a window Water droplets on the outside of a glass of lemonade

Dew point: This occurs when warm air comes across a cold surface, the air around that surface begins to cool, as it cools it loses its ability to hold water vapor, eventually it reaches the dew point and then it begins to condensate.

Condensation causes water vapor to turn into water in its liquid form which gives us the water we need to survive.

In order for condensation to occur the atmosphere must be fully saturated to the maximum vapor pressure It requires there be a surface in which the water can condense. The surface could be grass… In the atmosphere it might adhere to dust particles.

Project GLAD Home/ School Connection - Water #1

Sketch a picture of the water cycle below. Explain how a drop of water moves through the water cycle to someone in your family. Remember to use the words precipitation, evaporation and condensation when you are explaining the water cycle.

Student: ________________________ Adult: ____________________

Project GLAD Home/ School Connection - Water #2

At home we use water in many ways. List at least 7 ways your family uses water. Sketch and write 3 things your family does to help save water. (Example- We turn off the faucet when we brush our teeth.) Sketch and write 2 things your family could do to save even more water.

Student: ________________________ Adult: ____________________

Project GLAD Home/ School Connection - Water #3

Explain the story of What make it rain? to someone in your family.

Sketch a picture that shows a part of the story.

Student: ________________________ Adult: ____________________