Water SupplyAdvantage of water as extinguishing agent

Water Abundance

Excellent heat absorption qualities

Easily moved long distances

Easily stored

Sources of Water

Lakes

Rivers

Wells

Components of a Community Water System

Source: Lakes, Rivers, Wells, Springs Means of Movement: Direct Pumping,

Gravity, Combination Processing & Treatment: J.A.W.A. Storage: Elevated, ground level, Distribution: Primary 16” or larger

Secondary 12”

Distributors 6 - 8”

Dead end mains

Hydrants & Valves

Valves Outside Stem & Yoke

O.S.Y. Post Indicating Valve

P. I. V.

OPEN - SHUT Valve spacing 600’ -

800’ apart

Hydrants Wet - Dry Barrel 1500 g.p.m. light blue 1000 - 1499 g.p.m. Green 500 - 999 g.p.m. Orange Less 500 g.p.m. Red Spacing 300’ apart

min. 6” distributors Inspection & Maintenance

Types of Pressures

Static Water not moving, stored potential energy

ResidualRemaining Pressure after friction loss and elevation

have been absorbed.

Normal Normal daily fluctuations within the water system

Operating

Flow Pressure Pressure exerted by forward velocity of water stream

Hydrant Inspection & Maintenance

Obstruction: Landscape, fence, dumpsters,

Parking Damage Threads

Barrel

Yoke Operation Flushing

Flow Testing Pitot Tube

Hydrant Operations

Forward Lay

Hydrant to Scene FF Steps off Apparatus Removes Necessary Appliances

4 1/2 - 5 Storz or gate Valve

2 - 2 1/2 Hydrant Gates

Hydrant Wrench

2 1/2 Siamese

2 short 3” hose lines (Suctions)

Hose Clamp Remove Hose from apparatus and rap

Hydrant Signal Apparatus to move forward

Reverse Lay

Scene to Hydrant

Remove all equipment from Apparatus Remove desired Hose Advance Engine to Hydrant

Rural Water Relay Operations

Accessibility to source Adequate Water Supplies Quick Fill Time Quick Dump Time Tandem, Relay pumping ( 5” hose ) Tanker Shuttle

Drafting Equipment

Pump Portable Tank Hard Suction light weight not to be used on hydrants Strainer Rubber mallet Rope Hose tool Jet siphon

Fire HoseHand Lines

1 3/4 - small to medium fires

2 1/2 - Large fires

Supply

3 inch - master streams, wyes

5 inch - engine supply lines

NFPA 1961: Fire Hose

NFPA 1901: Standard for Fire Hose

Connections

Liberytville Fire Dept.

Fire Hose supplied

1 3/4” 500 feet plus - 50’ sec

2 1/2” 200 feet

3” 750 feet

5” 1000 feet - 100’sec.

Hose Components

National Standard threads Storz on 5” hose Male coupling - Discharge Female - Intake Rocker Lugs - (Spanner Wrench) Pin Lug - old style Higbee cut - indicators on Couplings Swivel Gasket Spanner Wrench

Hose Maintenance and TestingInspection

Mechanical Damage:

Jacket

Couplings

Thermal Damage:

Exposure to fire of debris

Organic Damage:

Mildew Mold

Rubber liner

Age

Chemical Damage:

Testing & Cleaning

Once a Year - 250 psi - 5 min

Plastic Hose

Soap - Water - Brush RE - BED HOSE

Cloth Hose

Washing Machine & Soap

Dryer or Tower

Hose Loads

Straight Roll Donut roll Twin Donut Roll

Flat Load Accordion Load Reverse Horse Shoe Triple Layer Load Preconnect

Hose Line Advancement Pull selected line Advance selected line to the determination Allow for obstructions Unfold kinked hose line FF should allow spacing between themselve

EXTINGUISHING PROPERTIES O F WATER

Characteristics of Water

Boiling point 212 degrees F.

Freezing point 32 degrees f

Density 1. 7.48 gals./cubic foot

2. 62.5 pounds/cubic foot

3. 8.3 lbs./gal.

4. Specific gravity of 1

Fire Streams

Direct application of water on burning material

Reduction of high atmospheric temperatures

Protection of firefighters and property by heat absorption

Dispersing smoke & gases

TYPES OF STREAMS

FOG STREAM - NARROW 15 - 45 Degrees

Wide 45 - 80 Degrees

STRAIGHT STREAM

BROKEN STREAM

SOLID STREAMS

Advantages Less Nozzle Reaction Better Visibility Greater reach Better stream penetration Solid Stream less likely to disturb thermal layering

Disadvantages No stream options Provides less heat absorption Not applicable for foam operations

FOG NOZZLE

Advantages Multiple Water Patterns Finer water drops, increase heat absorption capabilities

Disadvantages Increased nozzle reaction Disruption in thermal layering Less penetrating capabilities Less reach

Extinguishing Properties Cooling - Removes heat from the fire.

The finer the particles (greater surface area) of water the more readily the heat is absorbed.

Smothering - water - steam conversion

1 -1700 (Steam burns if ventilation is not aggressive)

May exclude oxygen

FRICTION LOSS

Gallons per Minute G.P.M. determines friction loss

Pounds/sq. in.

P.s.i. Pressure

Factors

G.P.M.

length of hose

hose size

Elevation

Appliances

WATER HAMMER

NOZZLES Nozzle Sizes: 1 1/2, 2 1/2, Master Streams Tip Sizes: 15/16 - 2 inches Volume: Low less 40 g.p.m.

Hand line 40 - 350 g.p.m.

Master Stream over 350 g.p.m. Types: fog, straight stream, cellar, electrical,

leader tip, penetrating, Low pressure Pressures: Hand line Fog 100 p.s.i.

Fog 70 p.s.i.

Straight tip 50 p.s.i.

Master Stream fog 100 p.s.i. Straight stream 50 p.s.i.

Types of Valves

Ball Valves

Gate Valves

Butter Fly

Clapper Valve

Appliances Wye Rope Hose Tool Siamese Hose Roller Hydrant Valves Hose Clamps Water thief Hydrant Wrench Water Curtain Spanner Wrench Manifold 2 1/2 - 1 1/2 reducer 2 1/2 Double Female 2 1/2 Double Male 1 1/2 Double Female 1 1/2 Double Female