water smart communities: drainage, sub-hydrological units, community and governance
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Presented by Marie-Charlotte Buisson (International Water Management Institute) and Liz Humphreys (International Rice Research Institute) Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference 21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/TRANSCRIPT
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Our vision
Water Smart Communi1es: Drainage, Sub-‐hydrological units,
Community and Governance
The key elements to realise the poten1al
WATER SMART COMMUNITIES OPPORTUNITIES
• Rich, valuable and under-‐u2lized resources • Poten2al for improved food security and poverty
reduc2on through increased produc2on from agriculture & aquaculture
• Poten2al for raising the living standards of those living in rural regions
• Poten2al for ensuring availability of polder ecosystem services for future genera2ons
WATER SMART COMMUNITIES REALIZING THE OPPORTUNITIES
Key condi1on: integra2on of policy implementa2on -‐ requires greater coordina2on between ins2tu2ons responsible for water management, food produc2on & dissemina2on
Investment in infrastructure improvement inside the polders to: • Improve agriculture and aquaculture cropping systems • Enable drainage • Create hydrologically-‐defined Water Management Units (WMUs)
Improved and more integrated governance for: • A community approach consistent with Small Water Management Units • A transparent and accountable water governance framework • Formalizing and enhancing the role of LGIs representa1ves • A viable strategy for maintenance of infrastructure
This approach would support:
Investment in infrastructure improvement inside the
polders
Message 3: Invest in water management infrastructure • (b) Improving drainage as the key interven1on and the entry point for cropping intensifica1on and diversifica1on • (c) create sub-‐hydrological units within the polders
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2 Nov 2012 HYV local
Strategic drainage during the rainy season enables cul1va1on of HYV & thus earlier harvest (mid-‐Nov)
Message 3: Invest in water management infrastructure with (b) Improving drainage as the key interven1on and the entry
point for cropping intensifica1on and diversifica1on
Message 3: Invest in water management infrastructure with (b) Improving drainage as the key interven1on and the entry point for cropping intensifica1on and diversifica1on (cont.)
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Drainage shortly before aman harvest (early Nov) enables soil to dry for early (1mely) establishment of rabi crops
Sesame Mungbean
The consequences of late rabi crop establishment – low yields or complete failure due to early kharif rains
-‐ high yield, high value crops out of the ques1on (e.g. sunflower, maize)
AFTER RICE HARVEST – some areas Low input crops – late sown (Feb/Mar) because of late rice harvest
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Message 3: Invest in water management infrastructure with (b) Improving drainage as the key interven1on and the entry point for cropping intensifica1on and diversifica1on (cont.)
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Drainage shortly before aman harvest (early Nov) enables “early” (1mely) establishment of boro ( transpl. mid-‐late Dec), ⇒ reduced irriga1on requirement for boro
Drainage is also the key to produc1ve aman-‐shrimp systems : • leaching salt prior to aman establishment • a_er heavy rain during aman crop • many advantages for shrimp/fish produc1on
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Drainage is easy
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De-‐sil1ng of khals facilitates drainage & increases water storage for irriga1on when rivers too saline
Drainage will be even more important in the future with sea level rise
Message 3: Invest in water management infrastructure (c) create sub-‐hydrological units within the polders
• Prevent accumula2on of water in lower lying areas
• Reduce high-‐low land water conflicts
Message 3: Invest in water management infrastructure (c) create sub-‐hydrological units within the polders
• separate lands of higher & lower eleva2on • make use of exis1ng roads, strategic construc2on of small levees (e.g. 0.5 m) • water management by the community farming within the sub-‐hydrological unit • adjacent fields have common or compa1ble cropping systems
Community water management units
Drainage conges1on in aman-‐shrimp ghers
Could be managed with -‐ good canal networks (not gher to gher) -‐ systema1c opening of sluice gate at low 1de
Community water management
Improved and more integrated governance
Message 5: A transparent and accountable water governance framework is required Message 4: A viable strategy for maintenance of infrastructure is possible
A TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE WATER GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK IS REQUIRED
Message number 5
Numerous actors involved in the management of water in Bangladesh Coastal Zone
Fragmented and disjointed water management system Lack of coordina1on | Overlapping mandates
Conflicts over the opera1on of the gates à Inequity in decision making Lack of accountability for maintenance à Deteriora1on of infrastructures
• Water Management Organiza2ons • Non Government Organiza2ons • Informal actors • Union/Upazilla Parishad • Department of Agricultural Extension, Department
of Fisheries • Bangladesh Water Development Board
• Local Government Engineering Department • Projects, Programs • Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of
Agriculture, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Ministry of Environment and Forest
• Donors
• Role and responsibility of each actor should be explicitly redefined • Interac1ons and mechanisms of coordina1on must be defined
A TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE WATER GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK IS REQUIRED
Message number 5
Scale Boundary Members
Sub-‐Hydrological units (sHU)
Local rural roads/levees
People living in sHU
Sub-‐Polder (sP) Provincial/district roads, embankments
sHU
Polder (P) Embankment sP
Sub-‐polder Community based water management Unit/ Block
Integrated water resource management
framework
A TRANSPARENT AND ACCOUNTABLE WATER GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK IS REQUIRED
Message number 5
Formalize and enhance the role of LGIs in water governance
In spite of a limited formal role, Union Parishad are already ac2vely involved in water management: • Opera1on of sluice gates • Emergency maintenance • Conflict resolu1on Community members trust UP and request
larger involvement in water management
Union Parishad Coordina1on Commihees à Scaling-‐up, integrate water management in their agendas
• A viable strategy for maintenance of infrastructure
Expected benefits • Improved coordina2on • Improved accountability • Longer perspec2ves than project based WMOs • Encourage UP and LGIs to use Social Safety Net
Funds for water infrastructure maintenance
A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR MAINTENANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE IS POSSIBLE
Message number 5
COMMUNITY LEVEL Increasing ownership and contribu1ons
• Give WMOs access to income genera1ng assets like lease of common land or micro-‐credit
• Devise fair rules for collec2on of maintenance funds • Tie contribu1ons to individual benefits • Crea2ng strong local ins2tu2ons with ownership over
the infrastructure from the start of the projects • Crea2ng homogenous groups so that members have
shared interest, sub hydrological units
A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR MAINTENANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE IS POSSIBLE
Message number 5
LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEVEL Effec1ve use of LGI’s social
safety-‐nets funds
• Exis2ng rehabilita2on work schemes and social safety nets funds are accessible to Union Parishad.
• Those schemes can be applied to maintenance of water infrastructure.
• Employment opportuni1es for the landless and marginalized groups
• Strengthens the role of LGIs in water governance
A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR MAINTENANCE OF INFRASTRUCTURE IS POSSIBLE
Message number 5
GOVERNMENT AND DONOR LEVEL
Trust Fund for maintenance GoB Development partner
Donor-‐Government Trust Fund
• Long term Donor-‐Government Trust Fund for regular maintenance of water infrastructure
• All polders get alloca2ons for maintenance from interests accrued by the Trust Fund.
Reference point: Climate Change Trust Fund, MoEF
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THANK YOU