water security: responses to local, regional and global...

Dr. Anil MishraProgramme Specialist

Division of Water Sciences, UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP)

International Hydrological Programme

Water Security: Responses to Local, Regional and Global Challenges

Water Security in Bulgaria18-19 September 2017

Sofia, Bulgaria

Water Security is defined as:

The capacity of a population to safeguard

access to adequate quantities of water of

acceptable quality for sustaining human and

ecosystem health on a watershed basis, and to

ensure efficient protection of life and poverty

against water related hazards, floods,

landslides, land subsidence, and droughts.


INCREASINGWATERSCARCITY

2/3 of the world’s population currently live in areas that experience water scarcity for at least one month a year

Source: Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2016)

World Water Development Report (2017)

4

How we communicate water risk!

Baseline Water Stress

Source: WRI Aqueduct, http://www.wri.org/resources/maps/aqueduct-water-risk-atlas.

This map shows the ratio of water withdrawals to available

flow.

Higher stress values indicate greater competition among

users (agricultural, industrial, and municipal).

Floods

By the end of the 21st century,the number of people exposedannually to a 20th-century 100-year flood is projected to bethree times greater for very highemissions (RCP8.5) than for verylow emissions (RCP2.6).

AR5 IPCC (2014) Key risks at the global scale

Droughts

It is expected to increase thefrequency of short hydrologicaldroughts (less surface water andgroundwater), notably in theMediterranean, central Europe,central North America andsouthern Africa regions. Horn of Africa ©Oxfam 2011

Huitzil (CC BY 2.0) Flash Flood

Mexico

Since 1975, IHP has been the only intergovernmental programme of the UN system devoted to water research, and education and capacity building in hydrology

Mobilizing international

cooperation

Improving knowledge and

innovation

Strengthening the science-

policy interface

Ensuring

water

security

at all levels


IHP – VIII Water Security: Addressing local, regional and global challenges

IHP plays a vital role in providing a scientific knowledge base for policy advice to manage and cope with challenges to water resources,

The Hubbard Glacier is overwhelmed on 14 August 2002 in

the second largest GLOF in historical times.

including disasters and floods, and to increase the resilience of natural and human systems with an emphasis on vulnerable communities, and

Promoting international cooperation to mobilize research and

supporting human and technical capacity building, IHP contributes to the implementation of UN goals and commitments such as the

Sustainable Development Goals.

IHP provide a scientific knowledge platform

▪ Responsible for programmeimplementation at the national level.

▪ They serve as interlocutors between the Programme and Member States

XI IHP-LAC Meeting of National Committees and Focal Points(Santiago, 26-28/10/2015)

▪ IHP’s Intergovernmental Council is

composed of 36 UNESCO Member

States

▪ 5 UNESCO-IHP Regional Offices


Danube Climate Adapation Strategy

Climate change scenarios

Annual

mean

temperature

changes

Changes in

mean annual

precipitation

10

Global Precipitation Gage Network (GPCC) (2016)

Global Runoff Gage Network (GRDC)

Global In situ Observing Systems: Limited coverage!

© GPCC

© GRDC

G-WADI Website: http://www.gwadi.org/

Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, University of

California, Irvine

G-WADI CHRS Data Portal

http://chrsdata.eng.uci.edu

Namibia DailyFloodBulletin

G-WADI geoserver application in Namibia

Towards an Integrated Drought Risk Management

Three types of maps available for 21 countries in the region:Mexico – Belice – Guatemala – Honduras - El Salvador – Nicaragua - Costa Rica – Panama – Colombia – Venezuela – Brazil – Ecuador – Peru – Bolivia –Paraguay – Uruguay – Chile – Argentina – Jamaica –Haiti - DominicanRepublic - Cuba

Accessible on-line in Spanish and English

African and LAC Flood and Drought Monitors

African and LAC Droughts monitors:

Strengthen the capacity of African and LAC countries for near real-time monitoring and seasonal forecasting to raise awareness of the impact of floods and droughts on vulnerable and disadvantaged groups.

User Interface: http://stream.princeton.edu

UNESCO Chair

International Network of

Water Environment Centres for the

BalkansThe UNESCO Chair/International

Network of Water-Environment

Centres for the Balkans (INWEB)

on “sustainable management of

water and conflict resolution” was

established in July 2003 at the

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

(AUTh), Department of Civil

Engineering, Division of Hydraulics

and Environmental Engineering,

Hydraulics Laboratory.

The UNESCO Chair/INWEB cooperates closely with UNESCO’s International

Hydrological Programme (UNESCO IHP) (Paris) and UNESCO’s Regional

Office for Science in Europe (UNESCO BRESCE) (Venice), as well as other

major international organisations such as the United Nations Economic

Commission for Europe (UNECE).

INWEB’s geoinformation databases

Shared Aquifers in SEEShared Surface Waters in SEE

UNESCO IHP is compiling information on and mapping

Transboundary Aquifers in the framework of the ISARM programme

http://ihp-wins.unesco.org/layers/geonode:tba_map2015

SDG Indicator 6.5.2: Proportion of transboundary basin area with an operational arrangement for water

cooperation.

(UNESCO and UNECE: custodian agencies)

Delineation of

Transboundary aquifers /

Groundwater bodies is

essential for indicator

6.5.2 calculation

Innvative tools to support informed decision making

iRainlaunching at COP22

▪ Drought and flood early warning systems to all:

▪ Expansion of the African Drought Early Warning System to Southern Africa

▪ Look for new tools to make data more accessible:

▪ RainMapper, a user-friendly web application for local and global real-time precipitation

▪ Glaciers App, New information system on worldwide glacier changes, bringing scientifically sound facts and figures to decision makers.

Graphical Tools and Data services

THE 2030 AGENDAFOR SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

11.5 Reduce the number of deaths and the number of people affected and decrease the direct economic losses caused by disasters, including water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations

13.1 strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters in all countries

1.5 Build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters

Thank you!http://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/hydrology

water security: responses to local, regional and global...

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