CASE STUDY

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES

IN INDIA

(A STATISTICAL REPORT BY)

(SUBMITTED BY)

11502811 - DEVIREDDY DINESH 11507237 - POLLAI MOHAN KRISHNA 11506754 - PYLA BABU RAO

(SUBMITTED : TO)

Shri . PANKAJ KUMAR KESHRI

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

INRODUCTION India has an annual average precipitation of 1 170 mm and about 80 percent of the

total area of the country experiences annual rainfall of 750 mm or more Due to the

large spatial and temporal variability in the rainfall

The two main sources of water in India are rainfall and the snowmelt of glaciers in

the Himalayas. Although snow and glaciers are poor producers of freshwater, they

are good distributors as they yield at the time of need, in the hot season. Indeed,

about 80 percent of the flow of rivers in India occurs during the four to five months

of the southwest monsoon season. Several important river systems originate in

upstream countries and then flow to other countries: the Indus River originates in

China and flows to Pakistan; the Ganges-Brahmaputra river system originates

partly in China, Nepal and Bhutan, and flows to Bangladesh; some minor rivers

drain into Myanmar and Bangladesh. However, there are no official records

available regarding the quantum of annual flows into the country or out of the

country

The rivers of India can be classified into the following

four groups:

The Himalayan rivers (Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus) are formed by melting snow

and glaciers as well as rainfall and therefore have a continuous flow throughout the

year. As these regions receive very heavy rainfall during the monsoon period, the

rivers swell and cause frequent floods.

The rivers of the Deccan plateau (with larger rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari,

Krishna, Pennar and Cauvery draining into the bay of Bengal in the east, and

Narmadi and Tapi draining into the Arabian sea in the west), making up most of

the southern-central part of the country, are rainfed and fluctuate in volume, many

of them being non-perennial.

The coastal rivers, especially on the west coast south of the Tapi, are short in

length with limited catchment areas, most of them being non-perennial. The rivers

of the inland drainage basin in western Rajasthan in the north-western part of the

country towards the border with Pakistan are ephemeral, drain towards the salt

lakes such as the Sambhar, or are lost in the sands.

For planning purposes, the country is divided into 20 river units, 14 of which are

major river basins, while the remaining 99 river basins have been grouped into 6

river units, as presented in table. The spatial imbalance of distribution of water

resources can be appreciated by the fact that the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna

basin covering 34 percent of the country’s area contributes about 59 percent of the

water resources. The west flowing rivers towards the Indus covering 10 percent of

area contribute 4 percent of the water resources.

The remaining 56

percent of area contributes 37 percent to the runoff The water resources potential

of the country is assessed as the natural runoff of the rivers and is estimated at 1

864.33 km3, of which only 1 089 km3 are considered as utilizable or exploitable in

view of the constraints of topography, uneven distribution of the resource over

space and time, the geological factors and the contemporary technological

knowledge. These 1 089 km3 comprise 690 km3 from surface water and 399 km3

from groundwater . The internal renewable surface water resources (IRSWR) have

been estimated at 1 229.21 km3/year by deducting the inflow from neighbouring

countries (210.2 km3/year from Nepal, 347.02 km3/year from China and 78

km3/year from Bhutan) from the total estimated flow of 1 864.33 km3/year. The

overlap between surface water and groundwater is considered

DATA OF WATER SOURCES BY USING HORSE POWER

STATE 0-2 HP 2-4 HP 4-6 HP 6-8 HP 8-10 HP

ABOVE 10 HP

NO LIFTING DEVICES TOTAL

ANDAMAN & NICOBARS 76 58 460 457 15 1 505 1572

ANDHRA PRADESH 838 2470 16907 760 566 2964 41 24546 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 3 0 0 0 0 27 0 30

ASSAM 6 100 2607 2 5 891 16 3627

BIHAR 78 172 3509 24 267 288 393 4731

CHHATISGARH 443 2015 3115 20 3 1631 20595 27822 DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI 10 246 178 0 0 107 0 541

DELHI 0 0 67 1 28 9 0 105

GOA 44 301 342 61 12 115 35 910

GUJARAT 2019 136 2064 413 417 415 162 5626

HARYANA 0 0 304 0 0 0 0 304

HIMACHAL PRADESH 23 71 81 13 32 415 3 638

JAMMU & KASHMIR 11 2 97 8 1 9 62 190

JHARKHAND 814 876 4520 8 241 116 2327 8902

KARNATAKA 639 6573 45361 8443 3077 23875 129 88097

KERALA 2025 7960 2862 126 331 1368 355 15027

MADHYA PRADESH 4043 60707 94008 3748 6067 13119 2197 183889

MAHARASHTRA 3723 28620 82806 8874 2508 20610 622 147763

MANIPUR 0 0 0 0 0 72 0 72

MEGHALAYA 2 2 36 0 0 9 0 49

NAGALAND 0 0 4 10 3 0 0 17

ODISHA 2691 14130 11480 720 374 6657 13702 49754

PUDUCHERRY 0 1 10 0 15 0 0 26

PUNJAB 0 0 544 273 1228 623 0 2668

RAJASTHAN 107 240 1959 154 1709 784 7 4960

TAMIL NADU 1068 350 3205 313 86 1791 186 6999

TRIPURA 27 304 826 5 9 1268 0 2439

UTTAR PRADESH 30 47 833 4383 7469 4203 72 17037

UTTARAKHAND 209 64 102 16 51 131 71 644

WEST BENGAL 0 6933 29885 824 425 6408 4278 48753

This is the table represents water supply by horse power and it is shown

into BARGRAPH, PIEDIAGRAM, and LINE DIAGRAM

BARGRAPH

LINE GRAPH

NOTE: The government’s supportive policies for agriculture have made subsidies

and credit available to the farmers, Singh 2003. There are strong linkages between

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

AN

DA

MA

N &

NIC

OB

AR

S

AR

UN

AC

HA

L P

RA

DES

H

BIH

AR

DA

DR

A &

NA

GA

R H

AV

ELI

GO

A

HA

RYA

NA

JAM

MU

& K

ASH

MIR

KA

RN

ATA

KA

MA

DH

YA P

RA

DES

H

MA

NIP

UR

NA

GA

LAN

D

PU

DU

CH

ERR

Y

RA

JAST

HA

N

TRIP

UR

A

UTT

AR

AK

HA

ND

0-2 HP

2-4 HP

4-6 HP

6-8 HP

8-10 HP

ABOVE 10 HP

NO LIFTING DEVICES

TOTAL

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000160000180000200000

AN

DA

MA

N &

NIC

OB

AR

S

AR

UN

AC

HA

L P

RA

DES

H

BIH

AR

DA

DR

A &

NA

GA

R H

AV

ELI

GO

A

HA

RYA

NA

JAM

MU

& K

ASH

MIR

KA

RN

ATA

KA

MA

DH

YA P

RA

DES

H

MA

NIP

UR

NA

GA

LAN

D

PU

DU

CH

ERR

Y

RA

JAST

HA

N

TRIP

UR

A

UTT

AR

AK

HA

ND

0-2 HP

2-4 HP

4-6 HP

6-8 HP

8-10 HP

ABOVE 10 HP

NO LIFTING DEVICES

TOTAL

Power pricing, technology use, equity and efficiency in groundwater development.

These have fostered intensive groundwater utilization. A sharp increase in

PIE CHART

The major source of water after river is ground water in INDIA and this water source is

extracted from HORSE POWER MOTORS

0-2 HP

ANDAMAN & NICOBARS

ANDHRA PRADESH

ARUNACHAL PRADESH

ASSAM

BIHAR

CHHATISGARH

DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI

DELHI

GOA

LAKES : India has a large groundwater resource but its availability and status

varies substantially from basin to basin, state to state and area to area. 40 percent of

the ground water resource is in the Ganga basin, and most others do not even cross

5percent. Groundwater is found to be a superior source of irrigation compared to

surface water and is associated with better yields, input use and profitability. This

is mainly because it offers better control over water availability and use to the

farmers. Increase in groundwater irrigation is closely associated with a reduction in

the riskand variation in production.

The next more important water resources in INDIA is DUGWELLS, CANALS,

THESE ARE THE SOURCES RELATED AND PRESENT MOSTLY

USED IN INDIA

TILL NOW WE JUST DISCUSSED ABOUT WATER

SOURCES AND NOW WE ARE REPRESENTING

ABOUT A MAJOR PROBLEM IN INDIA WATER

SOURCES WATERPOLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION: Water pollution is a serious problem in

India as almost70 per cent of its surface water resources and a growing

percentage of its groundwater reserves are contaminated by biological,

toxic, organic, and inorganic pollutants .In many cases, these sources

have been rendered unsafe for human consumption as well as for other

activities ,such as irrigation and industrial needs. This shows that

degraded water quality can contribute to water scarcity as it limits its

availability for both human use and for the ecosystem.

In 1995, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) identified severely

polluted stretches on 18major rivers in India. Not surprisingly, a

majority of these stretches were found in and around large urban areas.

The high incidence of severe contamination near urban areas indicates

that the industrial and domestic sectors’ contribution to water pollution

is much higher than their relative importance implied in the Indian

economy. Agricultural activities also contribute in terms of overall

impact on water quality. Besides a rapidly depleting groundwater table

in different parts, the country faces another major problem on the

waterfront—groundwater contamination—a problem which has affected

as many as 19 states, including Delhi. Geogenic contaminants, including

salinity, iron, fluoride, and arsenic have affected groundwater in over

200districts spread across 19 states

BAR GRAPH SHOWING YEAR BY INCREASING WATER POLLUTION IN

INDIA

The data in the given graph shows us about the year wise increasing of

water pollution India it shows us the decreasing of oxygen levels in

water there are many reasons that increases water pollution in India Such

as releasing of INDUSTRIAL WASTES, into water DISPOSAL

WASTES that are easily soluble in water makes water more polluted

CONCLUSION:

NO WATER NO LIFE we have abundant water resources, so using of

water should be efficient and useful and DROP OF WATER represents

there are many more places in the world where people walks for long

distances to fulfill their thirsty so reduce WATER POLLUTION and

SAVE WATER RESOURCES

THANKYOU