water - regulation & governance
TRANSCRIPT
WATERRegulation & Governance
John ThomasSr. Director
Weston Solutions (India) Pvt. Ltd.
About 700 million people in 43 countries live below the water-stress threshold of 1,700 cubic metres per person per year. In 20 years, 3 billion people will live in countries under that threshold. Source: Human Development Report 2006
15 cm
Mawsynram1187.2 cm
(39’)Wettest place
on earth
INDIA- Water Sector at a Glance
Source: Central Water Commission, Govt of India
Sl # Item Unit
1Estiimated Annual Precipitation (including snowfall) 4000 BCM
2 Geographical Area 328.73 Million Ha3 Population (projected as on 1.3.2005) 1097.1 Million4 Average Annual Potential in Rivers 1869 BCM
5Per capita Water Availability (estimated as on 1.3.2005) 1703.6 cu.m
6 Estimated utilizable water 1122 BCM(i) Surface 690 BCM(ii) Ground 432 BCM
7Per capita Utilizable water (estimated as on 1.3.2005) 1022.7 cu.m
8 Projected Water Demand (BCM) 2000 2025 2050i) Domestic 42 73 102ii) Irrigation 541 910 1072iii) Industry 8 23 63iv) Energy 2 15 130v) Others 41 72 80Total 634 1093 1447
Year
"India has 16% of the world's population, 2.5% of the land mass
and 4% of the world's water resources.”
425
“Over-exploited” where the stage of ground water development exceeds the annual replenish able limit
“Dark” where the stage of ground water development is more than 85%.
673
Assessment Units*• Over exploited: 673• Dark 425• Total 7928
(* Blocks; Taluka; Watershed)
Stage of GW Development
State wise level of Ground Water Development
>100% - Haryana (112.18%)
85 – 100% - Rajasthan (86.42%) & Punjab (97.66%)
65 – 85% - UT of Daman & Diu (70%).
Negligible – Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim & UT of Andaman and Nicobar.
Problems related to Groundwater Use
Three problems dominate groundwater usedepletion due to overdraft; waterlogging and salinization due mostly to inadequate drainage and insufficient conjunctive use; and pollution due to agricultural, industrial and other human activities
Most common symptom Secular decline in water tables.
Impacts of Groundwater Use
• Irrigation Source: Alternate for productive life for farmers with no access to irrigation commands.
• Impaired Regional Agricultural output: According to experts, a quarter of India’s harvest may well be at risk from groundwater depletion.
• Health problems - Groundwater contamination through pollution or over-draft
• Inter Sectoral Conflicts – Groundwater – the contentious bone between competing stakeholders (viz. industry, agriculture, domestic and drinking, rural and urban)
Impacts: Social, economic and political impacts.
Chemical Quality of Ground Water
D is p o sa l o fw a s tes , lea ch in g o fse w e r m a te ria ls ,e tc.
D o m es tic p o llu t ion
le a ch ing o fn u trie n ts
p e s tic id esfe rt ilise rs
A g ric u ltu ra l po llu t io n
D isp os a l o fe fflue n ts ins tre am s o r
la nd
In d us tria l p o llu tion
Arsenic
Fluoride
Iron
Nitrate
Salinity
G e og e n ic con tam ina tion
Q u a lity d e te rio ra t ion
1.TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS• REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, • RECLAIM – e.g. NEWater, Singapore • REMEDIATE / RESTORE: Impaired, contaminated Surface
& Groundwater sources– e.g. Houstanic River Restoration, USA
INVENT / INNOVATE•New industrial & agricultural processes/ technologies for efficient water use•New products, seeds that require lesser water
WAY AHEAD …………A Multi pronged Approach need to be adopted covering– SOCIO – ECONOMIC – TECHNICAL & POLITICAL aspects
Housatonic River Restoration
• $150-million, 5-year environmental restoration
• Established extensive system of temporary dams to divert river and remediate 95,000 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated sediment
• TeamLink technology expedited communication
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsfield, MA U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsfield, MA
2. SOCIAL ACTIONS ….• Create Awareness / Consciousness among the community,
farmers
• Voluntary Corporate Initiatives like ‘The CEO Water Mandate’ – voluntary initiative towards UN Global Compact.
• Water Neutral Initiatives by industries to make operations Water Neutral
• Make a Difference: Corporate Initiatives to Make a Difference to the Society / local community and global.
WAY AHEAD …………
3. ECONOMIC MEASURES ….
• Right Pricing of Water: for Commercial applications / Water intensive operations
• Well designed Water Permitting Regimes: Incorporating Incentives for Water Conservation Initiatives like Tradable Water Rights and stiff penalties for misuse / contaminating WATER resources.
• Market Based Mechanisms to encourage Mutiple use of Water, Water Reclamation.
WAY AHEAD …………
4. REGULATORY / POLITICAL ACTIONS ….1. Introduce Mandatory regulations to encourage
Sustainable development2. Restoration of Impaired, contaminated Surface &
Groundwater sources3. Introduce Mechanisms to monitor and track water
consumption pattern – large consumers.4. Adopt Integrated management approach towards
Surface & Ground Water Sources
WAY AHEAD …………