water quality short course april 11, 2007 lake and reservoir dynamics dan obrecht – umc...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Water Quality Short Course April 11, 2007 Lake and Reservoir Dynamics Dan Obrecht – UMC obrechtd@missouri.edu](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081506/56649edb5503460f94bebe89/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water Quality Short Course
April 11, 2007
Lake and Reservoir Dynamics
Dan Obrecht – UMC
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Talk Topics• Nonpoint source pollution
– Most common pollutants and how they impact water quality
– Most common sources
• Variability– Regional Trends?– Spatial and Temporal variation
• Thermal Patterns (briefly)
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Most common Most common pollutants:pollutants:
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Most common Most common pollutants:pollutants:
- Nutrients - Metals - Suspended Sediment
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Most common Most common pollutants:pollutants:
- Nutrients - Metals - Suspended Sediment
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Proposed 2004/2006 303(d) Impaired Waters
List
Lead – 1 lake
(Mercury?)
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Most common Most common pollutants:pollutants:
- Nutrients - Metals - Suspended Sediment
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PHOSPHORUS
&
NITROGEN
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Missouri Lakes – Phosphorus vs Algal Biomass
101 1023 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5
Phosphorus (ug/L)
100
101
102
6
2
3457
2
3457
2
345
Alg
al B
iom
ass
(Ch
l u
g/L
)
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Missouri Lakes – Nitrogen vs Algal Biomass
10-1.0 100.02 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3
Nitrogen (mg/L)
100
101
102
6
2
3457
2
3457
2
345
Alg
al B
iom
ass
(Ch
l u
g/L
)
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Algae are the base of the aquatic food web and supply
dissolved oxygen to the water.
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Excessive algae can:
- Decrease recreational value - Cause extreme dissolved oxygen fluctuations - Increase treatment cost - Reduce water clarity
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Most common Most common pollutants:pollutants:
- Nutrients - Metals - Suspended Sediment
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Suspended sediment Suspended sediment can:can:
- Fill in lake bottom - Impact substrate habitat - Increase cost to treat - Reduce water clarity
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Secchi Disk
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Secchi Disk
MO values
Average ~39”
Minimum = 3”
Maximum >360” (30 FEET!)
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Leading sources:Leading sources:
Agriculture
Municipal point sources
Urban runoff
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AgricultureAgriculture
Source of both nutrients and sediment
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Municipal Point Municipal Point SourceSource
Source of nutrients
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Most lakes in Missouri do not
have Sewage Treatment Point Sources in their
watershed.
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Urban RunoffUrban Runoff
Source of both nutrients and sediment
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Regional Patterns?
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Glacial Plains
Osage Plains
Ozark Highlands
Ozark Border
Mississippi Lowlands
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Average Values (for physiographic regions)
Region Sediment Phosphorus (mg/L) (ug/L)
Glacial Plains 6.8 44 Osage Plains 16.5 73 Ozark Border 4.5 40 Ozark Highlands 2.1 17
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Reservoir TP (µg/L)
Maysville (n=10) 182
Grindstone (n=5) 147
Unionville (n=10) 98
Long Branch (n=20) 48
Viking (n=16) 26
Forest (n=19) 23
Long-term average phosphorus for six Glacial Plains lakes
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7
20
55
148
To
tal P
ho
sph
oru
s (
g/L
)
Medium
Amount of Forest in the Watershed
Low High
Missouri LakesForest vs. Phosphorus
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7
20
55
148
To
tal
Ph
osp
ho
rus
(g
/L)
Medium
Amount of Row Crop in the Watershed
Low High
Missouri Lakes – Row Crop vs Phosphorus
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Reservoir TP (µg/L) Crop
Maysville (n=10) 182 25%
Grindstone (n=5) 147 55%
Unionville (n=10) 98 21%
Long Branch (n=20) 48 34%
Viking (n=16) 26 15%
Forest (n=19) 23 3%
Long-term average phosphorus for six Glacial Plains lakes
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Volume 100
outflow 100
outflow 200
inflow 100
inflow 50
inflow 200
Volume / Inflow = Residence Time (years)
outflow 50
Volume 100
Volume 100
RT = 2 years
RT = 1 years
RT = .5 years
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Reservoir TP (µg/L) Crop Res. Time
(months)
Maysville (n=10) 182 25% 2.9
Grindstone (n=5) 147 55% 6.3
Unionville (n=10) 98 21% 6.3
Long Branch (n=20) 48 34% 10.5
Viking (n=16) 26 15% 70.6
Forest (n=19) 23 3% 32.4
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Temporal Variability
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100
300
500
700
900
1100
Tota
l Nitr
ogen
(g
/L)
Pho
spho
rus
and
Chl
orop
hyll
(g
/L)
PhosphorusChlorophyllNitrogen
0
20
40
60
JuneMay July August September
Longview Lake – Seasonal patterns
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Eutrophic
Mesotrophic
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Year
0
10
20
30
40
Ch
loro
ph
yll (
g/L
)
Lake Jacomo
Hypereutrophic
Oligotrophic
Lake Jacomo - Chlorophyll Values
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Spatial Variability
(Individual Lake)
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Lake of the Ozarks – Average phosphorus
values (g/L)
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Table Rock Lake – Average phosphorus values (g/L)
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Longview Lake – Average phosphorus values (ug/L)
25
27930 acres
Approximately 1 mile between the two sites.
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Vertical Variability
Lake Surface
Lake Bottom
Phosphorus = 10 μg/L 21 μg/L
Nitrogen = 260 μg/L 330 μg/L
Phosphorus = 63 μg/L 94 μg/L
Nitrogen = 420 μg/L 570 μg/L
Site 1 Site 2
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Stratification and Turnover
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Summer Stratification Winter Stratification
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40
30
20
10
Dep
thSurface
January December
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Thanks