water-quality parameters and benthic algal communities at ...algae collected from wood and rock...

Water-Quality Parameters and Benthic Algal Communities at Selected Streams in Minnesota, August 2000—Study Design, Methods, and Data

By K.E. Lee

Open-File Report 02-43

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Open-File Report 02–43

CONTENTS

Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................1Introduction...........................................................................................................................................................................1

Purpose and scope....................................................................................................................................................................................2Study design and methods ....................................................................................................................................................2

Precipitation data .....................................................................................................................................................................................4Hydrologic Data........................................................................................................................................................................................4Diurnal water-quality measurements.........................................................................................................................................................4Stream productivity and respiration estimates ..........................................................................................................................................4Benthic algae collection and identification ................................................................................................................................................4

Hydrologic characterization..................................................................................................................................................5Parameters.............................................................................................................................................................................5

Water quality............................................................................................................................................................................................5Primary production and respiration ...........................................................................................................................................................5Benthic Algae ...........................................................................................................................................................................................5

References...........................................................................................................................................................................19Supplemental information...................................................................................................................................................21

FIGURES

Figure 1. Maps showing the location of sampling sites where diurnal water-quality measurements and benthic algae samples were collected during August 2000, and ecoregions in the study area .......................................... 3

Figures 2-14: Graphs showing:2. Daily-mean discharge during 2000, and long-term mean-daily discharge during June, July and August at

U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations near sampling sites.............................................................................. 63. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Crow Wing River near Nimrod, Minnesota........................................................................................................ 74. Specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Crow Wing River near Staples, Minnesota......................................................................................................... 85. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Mississippi River near Aitkin, Minnesota .......................................................................................................... 96. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Mississippi River near Anoka, Minnesota ........................................................................................................ 107. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Rum River near Isanti, Minnesota .................................................................................................................... 118. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Rum River near St. Francis, Minnesota ............................................................................................................ 129. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Crow River near Rockford, Minnesota............................................................................................................. 1310. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Crow River near Dayton, Minnesota ................................................................................................................ 1411. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Blue Earth River West of Winnebago, Minnesota ............................................................................................ 1512. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Blue Earth River near Amboy, Minnesota ........................................................................................................ 1613. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the

Red River near Brushvale, Minnesota .............................................................................................................. 17

iii

FIGURES--CONTINUED

14. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the RedRiver near Moorhead, Minnesota ............................................................................................................... 18

TABLES

1. Drainage area, latitude and longitude, land use, ecoregion for 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota where diurnal water-quality measurements and benthic algae samples were collected during August 2000................21

2. Site conditions at time of benthic algae collection and dates for diurnal water-quality measurements for 12 sites located on six Minnesota streams sampled during August 2000.................................................................22

3. Median specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent dissolved oxygen saturation for 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during August 2000 ................................................................22

4. Estimates of net community primary production and respiration for 12 sites located on six streams sampled during August 2000 .............................................................................................................................................23

5. Chlorophyll-a content of benthic algae collected from rock and wood substrate from 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during August 2000 ..........................................................................................................23

6. Total biovolume and density of benthic algae collected from rock and wood substrate from 12 sites locatedon six streams in Minnesota during August 2000 .............................................................................................. 24

7. Relative biovolume of benthic algae collected from rock substrate at 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during August 2000 ...........................................................................................................................25

8. Relative biovolume of benthic algae collected from wood substrate at 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during August 2000 ...........................................................................................................................34

9. Relative density of benthic algae collected from rock substrate at 12 sites located on six |streams in Minnesota during August 2000 ...........................................................................................................................41

10. Relative density of benthic algae collected from wood substrate at 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during August 2000 ...........................................................................................................................48

CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply metric unit By To obtain inch-pound unit

inches (in.) 2.54 centimeters

square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer

cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second

degrees Fahrenheit (°F) (Temp. oF - 32) / 1.8 degrees Celsius (°C)

Concentrations are given milligrams per milliliter (mg/L). A milligram is one thousandth of a gram. Electrical conductivity is measured as specific electrical conductance in units of microsiemens per centimeter (µS/cm) at 25 degrees Celsius.

iv

Water-Quality Parameters and Benthic Algal Communities at Selected Streams in Minnesota, August 2000—Study Design, Methods, and DataBy Kathy E. Lee

ABSTRACTWater-quality measurements and benthic algal samples

were measured or collected from select Minnesota streams as part of a multiagency (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Geologi-cal Survey) study. The goal of the multiagency study was to identify quantifiable thresholds of water-quality impair-ment and establish quantifiable indicators of nutrient enrichment for medium to high-order streams.

This report describes the study design, sampling methods, and summarizes the physical, chemical, and benthic algal data for a component of the multiagency study that was designed to document diurnal water-quality measurements (specific conductance, pH, water tempera-ture, and dissolved oxygen), benthic algal community

composition and chlorophyll-a content, and primary productivity at 12 stream sites on 6 streams in Minnesota during August 2000. Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent dissolved oxygen saturation measurements were made with submersible data recorders at 30 minute intervals for a period of 3-6 days during August 2000. Benthic algae collected from wood and rock substrate were identi-fied and enumerated. Biovolume (volume of algal cells per unit area), density (number of cells per unit area), and chlorophyll-a content from benthic algae were deter-mined. These data can be used as part of the multiagency study to develop an understanding of the relations among nutrient concentrations, algal abundance, algal community composition, and primary production and respiration pro-cesses in rivers of differing ecoregions in Minnesota.

INTRODUCTIONThe presence of contaminants,

and physical or chemical degradation affects 36 percent of surveyed river miles in the United States (U.S. Envi-ronmental Protection Agency,1998). Historically, water-resource manage-ment efforts focused on point sources of contaminants such as industrial and wastewater treatment discharges. The focus has shifted more recently to the influence of nonpoint source runoff on water quality (Boyd, 2000). Non-point source contaminants such as nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) enter streams through runoff from the land surface during snow-melt, spring and summer precipitation, from ground-water discharge, or from tile drains and storm sewers (Osborne and Wiley, 1988; Wiley and others, 1990).

Nutrients are essential for animal and plant growth; however, elevated nutri-ent concentrations are potentially toxic to humans and wildlife and can stimulate excessive algal and plant growth (Wetzel, 1983).

The U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency (USEPA) total maximum daily load (TMDL) rules are part of the Clean Water Act section 303(d) requiring each state to identify streams that are not in compliance with multiple water quality standards including nutrient concentrations (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1998). Both abiotic and biotic factors and interactions between them influence nutrient con-centrations, and a greater understand-ing of these factors and interactions is

necessary to develop locally-relevant TMDLs.

Abiotic factors influencing water chemistry include climate, geology, land use and land cover, soil type, topography, and hydrologic character-istics. Biotic factors including instream plant and animal metabolism also influence water chemistry. The most influential biotic factor affecting nutrient concentrations and other con-stituents in streams is algal commu-nity uptake and metabolism (Stumm and Morgan, 1996). Algal communi-ties in streams are comprised of phy-toplankton (algae entrained in water column) and benthic algae that reside on submerged substrates including woody debris (epidendiric), rock (epilithic), and macrophytes (epi-phytic). Benthic algae include

1

attached forms and phytoplankton that have settled onto the bottom of streams in quiescent areas.

Benthic algal photosynthesis and respiration processes influence nutri-ent flux (Newbold and others, 1982; Stumm and Morgan, 1996) and other water-quality parameters such as spe-cific conductance, pH, dissolved oxy-gen and carbon dioxide. During photosynthesis, algae utilize energy from sunlight, take in nutrients and carbon to produce carbohydrates (needed in algal cell growth), and pro-duce oxygen as characterized by this stoichiometry (Stumm and Morgan, 1996):106CO2 + 16NO3

- + HPO42- + 122 H2O + 18 H+

(+ Trace Elements and Energy) C106H263O110N16P1 + 138 O2 sunlight (algal protoplasm)

Changes in pH, dissolved oxy-gen, and nutrient concentrations occur during this process. Dissolved oxygen and pH concentrations increase, and dissolved nutrient concentrations decrease as algae increase photosyn-thetic activity during the day. The uptake of carbon dioxide during day-light accompanied by the uptake of nitrate (NO3

-) or phosphate (HPO4 -)

and H+ ions results in a pH increase due to the remaining OH- ions. Dis-solved oxygen and pH decrease dur-ing the night as photosynthesis ceases and aquatic animals continue to con-sume oxygen and respire. The reduced dissolved oxygen concentra-tions and pH at night are also aug-mented by microbial bacterial decomposition of biota to NO3

-. Bio-logical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measurement of the amount of oxygen required to stabilize the demands for oxygen during the microbial decom-position of organic matter (Reid and Wood, 1976).

In addition to their roles in chem-ical modulation, algae provide a source of oxygen and carbon for pri-mary and secondary consumers such as aquatic macroinvertebrates and

fish. Primary productivity (the rate of formation of organic material over some time period) is an indicator of the health of a stream (Wetzel, 1983) because oxygen and carbon sources form the base of the food chain in aquatic systems. Benthic algae are important primary producers in streams (Stevenson and others, 1996) and may be the primary source in mid-size streams (Vanote and others, 1980).

Establishment of water-quality standards for nutrients has not histori-cally been based on the complex inter-actions of abiotic and biotic factors. The information generated in this and concurrent studies will provide an opportunity to develop statistical rela-tions between chemical factors (nutri-ent concentrations) and biological factors (primary production processes or algal community composition) that can be used by managers in stream-water-quality-criteria development.

Purpose and ScopeThe report describes the study

design, methods, and provides selected water-quality parameters and benthic algal data for 12 sites located on six Minnesota streams sampled during August 2000. The purposes of the study were to document specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), benthic algal abundance, community composition, and chlorophyll-a content, and to provide estimates of net primary pro-ductivity and respiration at each site. This study is one component of a mul-tiagency (Minnesota Pollution Con-trol Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency, and U.S. Geological Survey) study designed to develop an understanding of the rela-tions among nutrient concentrations, algal abundance, algal composition, and primary production and respira-tion processes in rivers of differing ecoregions in Minnesota. Ecoregions

were used as the major spatial strata because they are areas with common ecological settings that have relatively homogenous features including cli-mate, geology, land use and land cover, soil type, and physiography (Fandrei and others, 1988; Omernik and Gallant, 1988). The goal of the multiagency study is to identify quan-tifiable thresholds of water-quality impairment and establish quantifiable indicators of nutrient enrichment for medium to high-order streams.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Site selection criteria included drainage area, ecoregion type, and presence of a streamflow gaging sta-tion. The 12 sites on six rivers selected for this study had drainage areas greater than 1,000 mi2. These sites were located within four differ-ent ecoregions at or near U.S. Geolog-ical Survey (USGS) or other streamflow gaging stations (fig. 1, table 1, at the back of the report). Riv-ers that were representative of each ecoregion were selected. Two sites were sampled on each river to allow upstream and downstream compari-sons of nutrient flux in a concurrent study. Each site has a designated site identifier. The site identifier is com-prised of two or three letters corre-sponding to the river name followed by numbers that correspond to the river mile near the site location. For example, the Crow Wing River near Nimrod, Minnesota (CWR-72.3) is located 72.3 miles upstream of the confluence of the Crow Wing and the Mississippi Rivers.

August was selected as the time frame for this study because the objective was to determine water quality and algal characteristics dur-ing low to medium flow and to mini-mize the likelihood of runoff. Precipitation generally is less frequent during late summer and rainfall events usually produce less runoff, because

2

3

The location of sampling sites where diurnal water-quality measurements and benthic algae samples were collected duringAugust 2000, and ecoregions in the study area.

NORTHDAKOTA

SOUTHDAKOTA

MINNESOTA

IOWA

WISCONSIN

CANADA

92°96°

96°

100° 98° 94° 90°

90°92°94°98°100°

44°

45°

46°

47°

48°

49°49°

48°

47°

46°

45°

44°

42

43

45

46

47

48

49

50

5051

51

5253

0 25 50 75 100 MILES

0 25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS

NW Glaciated plainsNW Great plainsPiedmontN. Glaciated PlainsW. Corn belt PlainsLake Agassiz Plain

ECOREGIONS(42)(43)(45)(46)(47)(48)

N. Minnesota WetlandsN. Lakes and ForestN. Cen. Hardwood ForestDriftless areaSE Wisconsin till plains

(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)

Lake Superior

LakeStellaLakeStellaLakeStella

EastGrand ForksEastGrand ForksEastGrand Forks

Grand ForksGrand Forks

FargoFargo MoorheadMoorhead

BrushvaleBrushvale

AitkinAitkin

Albert LeaAlbert Lea

AmboyAmboy

AnokaAnoka

BemidjiBemidji

BrainerdBrainerd

DaytonDayton

DuluthDuluth

Fergus FallsFergus Falls

GrandRapidsGrandRapidsGrandRapids

HibbingHibbing

IsantiIsanti

MankatoMankato

MarshallMarshall

MinneapolisMinneapolis

NimrodNimrod

OwatonnaOwatonna

Red WingRed Wing

RochesterRochester

RockfordRockford

Saint CloudSaint Cloud

RapidanRapidan

WahpentonWahpenton

SaintFrancisSaintFrancisSaintFrancis

SaintPaulSaintPaulSaintPaul

StaplesStaples

WinnebagoWinnebago

MINNESOTAMINNESOTA

WISCONSINWISCONSIN

NORTHDAKOTANORTH

DAKOTANORTH

DAKOTA

SOUTHDAKOTASOUTH

DAKOTASOUTH

DAKOTA

IOWAIOWA

MICHIGANMICHIGAN

CANADACANADA

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

910

11

12

90°92°94°96°98°100°

49°

48°

47°

46°

45°

44°

100° 98° 96° 94° 92° 90°

44°

45°

46°

47°

48°

49°

25 50 75 100 MILES

25 50 75 100 KILOMETERS0

0

7 Sampling site (with siteidentifier)

EXPLANATION

Source: Omernikand Galant, 1988

Base from U.S. Geological SurveyDigital data, 1:100,000, 1993U.S. Albers projection.

Figure 1.

of reduced soil-moisture and exten-sive vegetative cover on cropland areas. In an extensive study area, such as Minnesota, the amount of time required to adequately sample selected streams increases the proba-bility that streamflow will be unsteady in some streams because of precipita-tion-induced runoff.

Precipitation DataDaily precipitation data were

obtained to provide an environmental context for diurnal water-quality mea-surements and benthic algal data. Daily precipitation amounts for August 2000 were obtained from the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu). Daily rainfall data were obtained for the weather station closest to the stream sampling site.

Hydrologic DataDaily-mean streamflow (the mean

discharge for a particular day) for June through August 2000 was obtained for USGS stream gages that were located near sampling sites (table 1). The daily-mean streamflow provides information about near-term conditions that may influence physi-cal, chemical and biological charac-teristics. The long term mean-daily streamflow (mean for a particular day over the period of record) was also computed for each site and provides a benchmark to determine if stream-flows during the study period were generally higher or lower than average conditions. These hydrologic data were obtained from the USGS National Water Information System’s Automated Data Processing System.

Diurnal Water-Quality Measurements

Measurements of specific conduc-tance, pH, water temperature, and DO were recorded at 30 minute inter-

vals over a period of 3-6 days using submersible data recorders (HydoLab Data Sonde units). The probes were positioned in the euphotic zone in an area of streamflow of at least 1 ft3/s. The probes were calibrated according to manufacturers specifications before installation at a site and following retrieval. New batteries and DO sen-sor membranes were installed prior to each deployment.

Stream Productivity and Respiration Estimates

Stream productivity and respira-tion were estimated using DO concen-trations over diurnal periods (table 2, at the back of the report). Chloro-phyll-a content in benthic algae was also measured as an alternate measure of primary production. Net productiv-ity and respiration estimates were quantified according to Sorrenson and others (1999). Briefly, productivity estimates were determined by calcu-lating the slope of the DO concentra-tions between 10 am and 3 pm. This time period was used because the rapid rates of change in DO were lin-ear. The estimates define the net rate of oxygen accrual in milligrams of oxygen per Liter per hour (mg O2/L/hr), which is equivalent to grams of O2 per cubic meter per hour (g O2/m3/hr). Net community respiration was quantified by calculating the slope of the DO concentrations between midnight and 6 a.m. Esti-mates of productivity and respiration do not account for rates of oxygen dif-fusion that are a function of water temperature and the difference in oxy-gen saturation between water and air (Odum, 1956).

Benthic Algae Collection and Identification

Benthic algae were collected from each site during the period of diurnal water-quality measurements. Site con-ditions were characterized at the time

of benthic algae sample collection (table 2). Benthic algae were collected from both wood (epidendric) and rock (epilithic) substrate at each site and processed separately. Benthic algae samples were collected in accordance with the USGS National Water Qual-ity-Assessment Program (NAWQA) algal sampling protocols (Porter and others, 1993).

Epidendric samples were col-lected from submerged woody debris that was in the euphotic zone of the stream. Epidendric samples were col-lected from 10 locations in each stream reach. Snags were gently removed from the water to minimize disturbance of the algal community; a 3–4 inch cylindrical section was cut from each snag with lopping shears; and the snag sections were retained in a plastic bag prior to processing. After algae were removed from the snag sections, the length and diameter of each section was measured, and the surface area of each snag segment was calculated.

Epilithic samples were collected from submerged rocks located in the euphotic zone. Approximately 10 dif-ferent rocks, which were carefully removed and placed in a container with benthic algal growth facing up. After algae were removed from each rock a foil template was created to cover the section of the rock covered with algae. This foil template was retained and measured to determine surface area.

Samples were processed simi-larly as described below. Algae were removed from each snag section or rock using a stiff-bristled brush and de-ionized water from a rinse bottle. The algal suspension from each sam-ple (epilithic and epidendric samples were processed separately) was washed into a small, plastic process-ing pan. Samples were processed until about 50 to 100 mL of water had accumulated in the processing pan. The combined algal-water suspension

4

was homogenized for approximately 30 seconds. The homogenate was split into subsamples for determinations of chlorophyll-a (5mL), and identifica-tion (60 mL). The homogenate from one sample (Mississippi River near Anoka, Minnesota) was split into three portions to determine variability in algal samples.

Chlorophyll-a samples were fil-tered through a 0.47 mm glass fiber filter with 5 pounds of pressure per square inch. The filter was placed in foil inside of a petri dish and placed on dry ice prior to analysis at the Min-nesota Department of Health Labora-tory. Taxonomic samples were placed in a glass bottle with 1 percent glut-araldehyde as a preservative and kept in a refrigerated low light environ-ment prior to shipment to Phycotech in St. Joseph, Michigan for analyses. Identification of algal taxa were accomplished by Phycotech personnel using methods modified from Crump-ton (1987). HPMA (2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) was used in sample mounting which provides an optically clear background while permanently infiltrating and preserving the sample for archival purposes.

HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION

The hydrologic conditions during June and July 2000 prior to sampling were characterized by variable stream discharge in response to storm events. Daily-mean stream discharges during June and July 2000 were character-ized by one or more storm events of varying magnitudes (fig.2).

Hydrologic conditions during the August sampling period were stable and streamflows were below the long-term mean flows at most sites except at the Red River of the North sam-pling locations where the flow was low and stable, but was greater than the long-term mean streamflow. Pre-cipitation events of approximately 0.5 inches occurred during sampling col-

lection periods at the following sites: Crow Wing River near Nimrod and Staples (CWR-72.3 and 35.5, respec-tively); Mississippi River near Aitkin (UM-872); Crow River at Rockford (CR-23); Blue Earth River near Win-nebago and Amboy (BE-73.2 and 54, respectively); and Red River near Brushvale and Moorhead (RED-536 and 452, respectively).

PARAMETERSWATER QUALITY

Table 3, at the back of the report, shows summary statistics for diurnal measurements of specific conduc-tance, pH, water temperature, dis-solved oxygen and pecent oxygen saturation at each site. Figures 3-14 show specific conductance, pH, water temperature and dissolved oxygen for each site. The y-axis scale for a selected constituent may not be simi-lar in figures 3-14 due to differences in data magnitude which would obscure the patterns of the water-qual-ity parameters within each site.

In general, dissolved oxygen con-centrations, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, pH and temperature val-ues increased, and specific conduc-tance values decreased during daylight hours. These trends were reversed during nighttime period. Dis-solved oxygen concentrations went below the state standard of 5.0 mg/L at the Mississippi River at Anoka (fig. 6).

The pH values for the Crow Wing River near Staples (fig. 4) is missing due to probe malfunction. Specific conductance at the Red River near Brushvale (fig. 13) is problem-atic due to the non-gradual change in specific conductance after the rain storm on August 16th. An indepen-dent measure of the specific conduc-tance on August 15th was similar to that recorded by the submersible data sonde and the post deployment-cali-bration check of the sonde was

acceptable. It is not possible to deter-mine if the abrupt change in specific conductance was a result of runoff from precipitation or probe malfunc-tion.

Primary Production and Respiration

Net community primary produc-tion and respiration estimates are shown in table 4, at the back of the report. Potential factors influencing rates of primary production and respi-ration include the density of benthic algae, aquatic macrophytes, abun-dance of phytoplankton, solar inten-sity/cloud cover, precipitation, water temperature, hydrologic characteris-tics, the density of aquatic insects that graze on algae, microbial community composition, and density of aquatic organisms utilizing dissolved oxy-gen. Net community primary produc-tion varied from 0.03 to 1.10 g/O2/m3/hr among all streams. Net community respiration estimates var-ied from 0 to 1.09 g/O2/m3/hr. Chlo-rophyll-a content varied from 2.1 to 150 mg/m2 among all samples (table 5, at the back of the report). Net com-munity primary production and respi-ration rates and chlorophyll-a contents observed for streams in this study were similar to those observed for 72 agricultural streams in the upper mid-west (Sorenson and others, 1999).

Benthic Algae

Community composition is repre-sented by both biovolume (volume of algal cells per unit area) and density (number of cells per unit area) of taxa. Biovolume is closely linked with observed thickness of algae on a sub-strate. Bivolume provides an estimate of biomass and represents taxa shifts well when the size of algae are vari-able (Stevenson and others, 1996). Density estimates generally have less variability than biovolume, but taxa shifts may be obscured when cell sizes are variable. Table 6, at the back

5

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1,200

6,000

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10,000

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8,000

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100

200

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0

0

0

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0

0

JUN

E 1

JUN

E 1

JUN

E 8

JUN

E 8

JUN

E 15

JUN

E 15

JUN

E 22

JUN

E 22

JUN

E 29

JUN

E 29

JULY

6

JULY

6

JULY

13

JULY

13

JULY

20

JULY

20

JULY

27

JULY

27

AUGU

ST 3

AUGU

ST 3

AUGU

ST 1

0

AUGU

ST 1

0

AUGU

ST 1

7

AUGU

ST 1

7

AUGU

ST 2

4

AUGU

ST 2

4

AUGU

ST 3

1

AUGU

ST 3

1

2000 2000

Daily-mean stream discharge during 2000, and long-term mean-daily stream discharge during June, July, and August at U.S.Geological Survey gaging stations near sampling sites. USGS stream gaging station names and numbers are shown on each figure.(See Table 2 for information that corresponds USGS gaging station to sampling site.)

Rum River near St. Francis, Minnesota (05286000) Crow Wing River near Nimrod, Minnesota (05244000)

Mississippi River at Aitkin, Minnesota (0522750) Mississippi River near Anoka, Minnesota (05288500)

Blue Earth River near Rapidan, Minnesota (05320000) Crow River at Rockford, Minnesota (05280000)

Red River of the North at Wahpeton, North Dakota (05051500) Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota (05054000)

Daily-meandischarge (2000)

Long-term mean-dailydischarge (1945-1999)

Sampling period



Sampling period



Sampling period



Sampling period



Sampling period



Sampling period



Sampling period



Sampling period

Figure 2.

6

TEM

PERA

TURE

, IN

DEG

REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

CON

DUCT

ANCE

, IN

MIC

ROSI

EMEN

S PE

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NTI

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ERPH

, IN

STA

NDA

RD U

NIT

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OXYG

EN, I

NM

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GRAM

S PE

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DISS

OLVE

D OX

YGEN

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ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

24

304

8.9

12

140

23

8.8

22

302

8.7

130

21

300

8.6

11

120

20

298

8.5

10

110

19

296

8.4

9

100

18

294

8.3

8

90

17

292

8.2

7

80

16

8.1

6

70

15

290

8

5

60

25

288

7.9

4

8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-19 8-20 8-21 8-22

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

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6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

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12 A

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12 A

M

50

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Crow Wing Rivernear Nimrod, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 15-22, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.47 inches)

Rain

(0.5

4in

ches

) Rain (0.07 inches) Rain (0.02inches)

Figure 3.

7

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OXYG

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NM

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TER

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OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

398

10

120

23

22

21

110

20

394

9

100

19

390

8

90

18

386

7

80

17

382

6

70

16

374

378

5

60

24

370

4

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

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M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

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12 A

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M50

8-16 8-17 8-18 8-19 8-20 8-21 8-22

Specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Crow Wing River nearStaples, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 16-22, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).pH values are missing due to equipment malfunction.)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.41 inches) Rain (0.43 inches)

Figure 4.

of the report, shows the total biovol-ume and density for each site. Tables 7-10, at the back of the report, show the relative biovolume and density of

benthic algae on rock and wood sub-strates. There were five major divi-sions and 154 algal taxa found among all sites. The composition of the com-

munity varied between substrate types and among all sites. Biovolume and density varied among sites as well as the number and types of taxa.

8

TE

MPE

RATU

RE, I

N D

EGRE

ESCE

LSIU

SSP

ECIF

IC C

ONDU

CTAN

CE, I

NM

ICRO

SIEM

ENS

PER

CEN

TIM

ETER

PH, I

N S

TAN

DARD

UN

ITS

DISS

OLVE

D OX

YGEN

, IN

MIL

LIGR

AMS

PER

LITE

RDI

SSOL

VED

OXYG

ENSA

TURA

TION

, IN

PER

CEN

T300

8.4

8

100

24

298

8.3

296294

23

292

8.2

7

90

290

22

288286

8.1

80

284

21

282

6

25

26

280

8

5

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

70

8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14 8-15

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Mississippi Rivernear Aitkin, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 10-15, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.14 inches) Rain(1.52 inches)

Figure 5.

9

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, IN

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REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

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ANCE

, IN

MIC

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, IN

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NDA

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NM

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GRAM

S PE

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TER

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OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

25

402

8.8

11

140

398

8.7

10

8.6

9

130

394

8.5

8

120

8.4

7

110

390

8.3

6

100

8.2

5

90

386

8.1

8070

382

60

26

27

28

29

378

8

4

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6-PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14 8-15

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Mississippi Rivernear Anoka, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 10-15, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.08 inches)

Figure 6.

10

TEM

PERA

TURE

, IN

DEG

REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

CON

DUCT

ANCE

, IN

MIC

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S PE

R CE

NTI

MET

ERPH

, IN

STA

NDA

RD U

NIT

SDI

SSOL

VED

OXYG

EN, I

NM

ILLI

GRAM

S PE

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TER

DISS

OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

25

345

8.7

16

200

24

335340

8.6

23

330

8.5

14

170

22

325

21

320

8.4

12

140

20

315

8.3

310

10

305

8.2

110

300

8.1

8

295

6

80

26272829

290

8

4

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

8-8 8-9 8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Rum River near Isanti,Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 8-14, 2000. Precipitation datasource is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.26 inches)

Figure 7.

11

TEM

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, IN

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REES

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IUS

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IFIC

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, IN

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, IN

STA

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RD U

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SDI

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VED

OXYG

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NM

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GRAM

S PE

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TER

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OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

400

9.5

16

200

24

380

9.2

360

170

340

8.9

13

21

320

140

300

8.6

280

10

18

260

110

240

15

220

8.3

7

80

27

30

200

8

4

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

6 PM

12 A

M

8-9 8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Rum River nearSt. Francis, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 9-14, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.14 inches)

Figure 8.

12

TEM

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, IN

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REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

CON

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ANCE

, IN

MIC

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S PE

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, IN

STA

NDA

RD U

NIT

SDI

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VED

OXYG

EN, I

NM

ILLI

GRAM

S PE

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TER

DISS

OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

25

700

8.9

14

190

8.8

13

170

23

8.7

12

150

8.6

11

130

21

8.5

10

110

680

8.4

9

90

19

660

8.3

8

70

640

7

17

620

6

15

600

5

27

31

29

580

8.2

4

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

8-8 8-9 8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Crow River nearRockford, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 8-14, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain(0.52 inches)

Figure 9.

13

TEM

PERA

TURE

, IN

DEG

REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

CON

DUCT

ANCE

, IN

MIC

ROSI

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S PE

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NTI

MET

ERPH

, IN

STA

NDA

RD U

NIT

SDI

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VED

OXYG

EN, I

NM

ILLI

GRAM

S PE

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TER

DISS

OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

25

630

8.9

15

190

24

14

23

610

13

170

22

590

12

150

21

570

11

20

550

8.8

10

130

530

8.7

9

110

510

8.6

8

490

8.5

7

90

470

8.4

65

70

26272829

450

8.3

4

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

6 AM

8-8 8-9 8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Crow River nearDayton, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 8-14, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

EXPLANATIONDaylight

Rain (0.01 inches)Rain(0.04

inches)

Figure 10.

14

TEM

PERA

TURE

, IN

DEG

REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

CON

DUCT

ANCE

, IN

MIC

ROSI

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S PE

R CE

NTI

MET

ERPH

, IN

STA

NDA

RD U

NIT

SDI

SSOL

VED

OXYG

EN, I

NM

ILLI

GRAM

S PE

R LI

TER

DISS

OLVE

D OX

YGEN

SATU

RATI

ON, I

N P

ERCE

NT

25

660

8.6

18

210

24

190

23

22

640

170

21

620

8.5

16

150

600

8.4

14

580

8.3

12

130

560

8.2

10

110

540

8.1

8

90

520

8

6

70

26

500

7.9

4

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Blue Earth Rivernear Winnebago, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 3-7, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

EXPLANATIONDaylight

8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7

Rain (0.23 inches) Rain (2.03 inches)

Figure 11.

15

TEM

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, IN

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REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

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ANCE

, IN

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ERPH

, IN

STA

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RD U

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OXYG

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NM

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NT

25

640

8.6

16

200

24

23

630

22

620

8.5

610

8.4

600

8.3

590

8.2

170

580

8.1

13

140

570

8

10

110

560

7.9

7

80

26

550

7.8

4

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Blue Earth Rivernear Amboy, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 3-7, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

EXPLANATIONDaylight

8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7

Rain (0.7 inches)

Figure 12.

16

TEM

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, IN

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REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

IFIC

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ANCE

, IN

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, IN

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RD U

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NM

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OLVE

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NT

25

700

8.5

10

120

23

21

650

110

600

9

100

19

550

8

90

500

8.4

7

80

17

450

8.3

6

70

15

400

8.2

5

60

27

29

350

8.1

4

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Red River nearBrushvale, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 15-22, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

50

EXPLANATIONDaylight

12 A

M

8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-19 8-20 8-21 8-22

Rain (0.63 inches) Rain (0.02inches)

Figure 13.

17

TEM

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, IN

DEG

REES

CELS

IUS

SPEC

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ANCE

, IN

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, IN

STA

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OXYG

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NM

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NT

25

590

8.32

8

100

24

23

22

21

8.3

20

8.28

570

8.26

7

550

8.24

90

530

8.22

80

510

8.2

70

26

27

490

8.18

6

Specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation of the Red River nearMoorhead, Minnesota. (Data were collected at 30 minute intervals using a submersible data recorder during August 15-22, 2000.Precipitation data source is the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Climatology website (http://www.climate.umn.edu).)

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

6 AM

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

12 P

M

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

6 PM

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

12 A

M

60

EXPLANATIONDaylight

8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-19 8-20 8-21 8-22

Rain (0.98 inches) Rain (0.01 inches) Rain (0.11 inches)

Figure 14.

18

REFERENCESBiggs, B.J.F., 1985, Algae—A

blooming nuisance in rivers: Soil Water v. 21, p. 27-31.

Boyd, J. 2000, The new face of the Clean Water Act—A critical review of the USEPA’s proposed TMDL Rules: Discussion Paper 00-12, Resources for the Future, Washington DC, 35 pages.

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Fandrei, G., Heiskary, S., and McCol-lar, S., 1988, Descriptive charac-teristics of the seven ecoregions in Minnesota: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 140 p.

Hem, J.D., 1992, Study and interpre-tation of the chemical characteris-tics of natural water: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.

Hill, A.R., 1983, Denitrification—Its importance in a river draining an intensively cropped watershed: Agricultural, Ecosystems, and Environment, v. 10, p. 47.

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Kroening, S.E., and Andrews, W.J., 1997, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wis-consin—Nitrogen and phosphorus in streams, streambed sediment, and ground water, 1971–94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4107, 61 p.

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Omernik, J.M., and Gallant, A.L., 1988, Ecoregions of the Upper Midwest States, U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency report, EPA/600/3-88/037, 56 p.

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Porter, S.D., Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M.R., 1993, Methods for collecting algal sam-ples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-409, 39 p.

Porter, 2000, Upper Midwest River Systems—Algal and nutrient con-ditions in streams and rivers in the Upper Midwest Region during seasonal low-flow conditions, in Nutrient Criteria Technical Guid-ance Manual, Rivers and Streams: Washington, D.C., U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, EPA-822-B-00-002, p. A-25–A-42.

Reid, G.K., Wood, R.D., 1976, Ecol-ogy of inland waters and estuar-ies: D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, N.Y., Litton Educa-tional Publishing Inc., 2nd ed., 485 p.

Sorenson, S.K., Porter, S.D., Akers, K.B., Harris, M.A., Kalkhoff, S.J., Lee, K.E., Roberts, L.R., Terrio, P.J., 1999, Water quality and hab-itat conditions in upper Midwest streams in relation to riparian veg-etation and soil characteristics, August 1997—Study design, methods, and data: U.S. Geologi-cal Survey Open-File Report 99–202, 53 p.

Stark, J.R., Andrews, W.J., Fallon, J.D., Fong, A.L., Goldstein, R.M., Hanson, P.E., Kroening, S.E., and Lee, K.E., 1996, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minne-

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Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology, 2nd ed.: Saounders College Publishing a division of Holt, Rineheart, and Winston, Inc. variously paged.

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19

20

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

1 Th

e co

de fo

r the

site

num

ber i

s com

pris

ed o

f tw

o or

thre

e le

tters

cor

resp

ondi

ng to

the

river

follo

wed

by

num

bers

that

cor

repo

nd to

the

river

mile

nea

r the

site

loca

tion.

For

exa

mpl

e th

e C

row

Win

g R

iver

nea

r N

imro

d, M

inne

sota

(CW

R-7

2.3)

is lo

cate

d 72

.3 m

iles u

pstre

am o

f the

con

fluen

ce o

f the

Cro

w W

ing

and

the

Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

ers.

2 R

efer

s to

the

near

est U

.S. G

eolo

gica

l Sur

vey

stre

am g

agin

g st

atio

n. U

SGS

stre

am g

ages

wer

e no

t col

ocat

ed w

ith a

ll si

tes.

Tabl

e 1.

Dra

inag

e ar

ea, l

atitu

de a

nd lo

ngitu

de, l

and

use,

eco

regi

on fo

r 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

whe

re d

iurn

al w

ater

-qua

lity

mea

sure

men

ts a

nd

bent

hic

alga

e sa

mpl

es w

ere

colle

cted

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

[LA

P =

Lake

Aga

ssiz

Pla

in; N

LF=

Nor

ther

n La

kes a

nd F

ores

ts, N

CH

F= N

orth

Cen

tral H

ardw

oods

For

ests

, WC

BP=

Wes

tern

Cor

n B

elt P

lain

s, N

GP

= N

orth

ern

Gla

ciat

ed P

lain

s.]

Site

num

ber

(sho

wn

on fi

g.

1)Si

te N

ame

Site

iden

tifie

rD

rain

age

Are

a (m

i2 )

U.S

. G

eolo

gica

l Su

rvey

G

agin

g St

atio

n Id

entif

ier 2

Latit

ude

Long

itude

Maj

or B

asin

La

nd U

seEc

oreg

ion

1C

row

Win

g R

iver

nea

r Nim

rod,

MN

CW

R-7

2.3

1030

0524

4000

46o 38

’24”

94o 52

’46”

Fore

stN

LF

2C

row

Win

g R

iver

nea

r Sta

ples

, MN

CW

R-3

5.5

2130

0524

4000

46o 21

’40”

94o 43

’22”

Fore

stN

LF/N

CH

F

3M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

nea

r Aitk

in, M

NU

M-1

055.

961

4005

2275

0046

o 32’2

6”93

o 42’2

6”Fo

rest

NLF

4M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

nea

r Ano

ka, M

NU

M-8

7219

,100

0528

8500

45o 11

’30”

93o 23

’42”

Mix

edN

CH

F

5R

um R

iver

nea

r Isa

nti,

MN

RU

-34

1232

0528

6000

45o 29

’36”

93o 16

’01”

Fore

stN

CH

F

6R

um R

iver

nea

r St.

Fran

cis,

MN

RU

-18

1360

0528

6000

45o 23

’13”

93o 21

’27”

Fore

stN

CH

F

7C

row

Riv

er n

ear R

ockf

ord,

MN

CR

-23

2640

0528

0000

45o 05

’06”

93o 44

’08”

Agr

icul

ture

NC

HF

8C

row

Riv

er n

ear D

ayto

n, M

NC

R-0

.227

6105

2800

0045

o 14’4

1”93

o 31’2

4”A

gric

ultu

reN

CH

F

9B

lue

Earth

Riv

er W

est o

f Win

neba

go, M

NB

E-73

.210

0005

3200

0043

o 46’1

0”94

o 11’4

2”A

gric

ultu

reW

CP

10B

lue

Earth

Riv

er n

ear A

mbo

y, M

NB

E-54

1055

0532

0000

43o 53

’41”

94o 11

’57”

Agr

icul

ture

WC

P

11R

ed R

iver

nea

r Bru

shva

le, M

NR

ED-5

3640

5005

0540

0046

o 22’0

6”96

o 39’2

1”A

gric

ultu

reLA

P/N

GP

12R

ed R

iver

nea

r Moo

rhea

d, M

NR

ED-4

5268

0005

0540

0046

o 52’2

6”96

o 46’3

5”A

gric

ultu

reLA

P/N

GP

21

Table 2. Site conditions at time of benthic algae collection and dates for diurnal water-quality measurements for 12 sites located on six Minnesota streams sampled during August 2000.

Site identifier Start date for diurnal monitoring

End date for diurnal monitoring

Collection date for benthic algae

(time)

Average Velocity (cubic feet per second)

Sechi disc depth (inches) Water color-clarity

CWR-72.3 8/15/00 8/22/00 8/15/00 1.3 > 36 Clear-stainedCWR-35.5 8/16/00 8/22/00 8/16/00 1.5 > 36 Clear-stainedUM-1055.9 8/10/00 8/15/00 8/16/00 0.8 24 Brown-turbidUM-872 8/10/00 8/15/00 8/9/00 0.6 24 Clear stainedRU-34 8/8/00 8/14/00 8/9/00 1.3 > 36 Clear-stainedRU-18 8/9/00 8/14/00 8/9/00 0.9 > 36 Clear-stainedCR-23 8/8/00 8/14/00 8/8/00 0.76 8 Brown-turbidCR-0.2 8/8/00 8/14/00 8/8/00 0.6 10 Brown-turbidBE-73.2 8/3/00 8/7/00 8/7/00 1.4 12 Green-turbidBE-54 8/3/00 8/7/00 8/7/00 2.0 12 Green-turbidRED-536 8/15/00 8/22/00 8/15/00 1.5 12 Brown-turbidRED-452 8/15/00 8/22/00 8/15/00 0.9 6 Brown-turbid

Table 3. Median specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and percent dissolved oxygen saturation for 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during

August 2000. [uS/cm, microsiemens per centimenter at 25 degrees Celsius, s.u., standard units, oC, degrees Celsius, mg/L,

milligrams per liter; na, not available]

Site identifier

Specific Conductance,

median (uS/cm)

pH, median (s.u.)

Water Temperature,

median (oC)

Dissolved oxygen, median

(mg/L)

Dissolved oxygen

saturation, median (percent)

CWR-72.3 298 8.38 19.92 7.31 82.5CWR-35.5 389 na 19.52 7.43 83.2UM-1055.9 290 8.21 24.43 6.79 83UM-872 389 8.53 26.9 6.99 89.6RU-34 323 8.37 24.53 8.78 108.4RU-18 332 8.97 24.84 8.45 103.3CR-23 651 8.53 26.15 8.49 109CR-0.2 575 8.59 25.79 8.59 108.5BE-73.2 590 8.16 23.36 8.24 98.4BE-54 588 8.23 23.73 8.91 107.7RED-536 547 8.28 21.60 7.8 90.3RED-452 548 8.28 22.33 7.22 84.5

22

Stre

am p

rodu

ctiv

ity a

nd st

ream

resp

iratio

n es

timat

es w

ere

quan

tifie

d ac

cord

ing

to S

orre

nson

and

oth

ers (

1999

). B

riefly

, Pr

oduc

tivity

est

imat

es w

ere

dete

rmin

ed b

y ca

lcul

atin

g th

e sl

ope

of th

e di

ssol

ved

oxy-

gen

conc

entra

tions

bet

wee

n 10

am

and

3 p

m T

he e

stim

ates

def

ine

the

net r

ate

of o

xyge

n ac

crua

l in

gra

ms o

f oxy

gen

per h

our (

mg

O2/

L/hr

), w

hich

is e

quiv

alen

t to

gram

s of

oxyg

en p

er c

ubic

met

er p

er h

our (

g O

2/m

3 /hr)

. St

ream

resp

iratio

n w

as c

alcu

late

d in

the

sam

e m

anne

r for

oxy

gen

conc

entra

tions

bet

wee

n 12

am

and

6 a

m.

Tabl

e 4.

Est

imat

es o

f net

com

mun

ity p

rimar

y pr

oduc

tion

and

resp

iratio

n fo

r 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

Min

neso

ta st

ream

s sam

pled

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

[g0 2

/m3 /h

r, gr

ams o

f oxy

gen

per c

ubic

met

er p

er h

our]

Site

iden

tifie

rEs

timat

es o

f net

com

mun

ity p

rimar

y pr

oduc

tion,

max

imum

(gO

2/m

3 /hr)

Estim

ates

of n

et c

omm

unity

resp

iratio

n, m

axim

um

(gO

2/m

3 /hr)

Day

-1D

ay-2

Day

-3D

ay-4

Day

-5D

ay-6

Day

-7D

ay-1

Day

-2D

ay-3

Day

-4D

ay-5

Day

-6D

ay-7

CW

R-7

2.3

0.24

0.49

0.58

0.50

0.43

0.63

--0.

090.

060.

090.

100.

120.

090.

08C

WR

-35.

50.

360.

370.

290.

420.

280.

53--

0.04

0.07

0.11

0.11

0.04

0.13

--U

M-1

055.

90.

100.

040.

090.

03--

----

0.01

0.03

0.00

0.04

0.00

----

UM

-872

0.43

0.15

0.36

0.33

----

--0.

270.

280.

220.

280.

24--

--R

U-3

40.

610.

630.

660.

410.

65--

--0.

260.

300.

360.

350.

310.

35--

RU

-18

0.72

0.65

0.31

0.69

----

--0.

280.

230.

220.

180.

25--

--C

R-2

30.

900.

910.

880.

280.

62--

--0.

340.

530.

470.

420.

230.

27--

CR

-0.2

0.96

0.82

0.76

0.47

0.94

----

0.39

0.48

0.44

0.40

0.35

0.51

--B

E-73

.21.

060.

260.

51--

---

--0.

271.

090.

170.

20--

----

BE-

541.

101.

070.

61--

----

0.28

0.40

0.27

0.25

----

--R

ED-5

360.

290.

030.

130.

150.

150.

140.

220.

040.

050.

040.

040.

030.

020.

08R

ED-4

520.

040.

060.

050.

060.

050.

08--

0.05

0.04

0.01

0.00

0.02

0.03

0.03

Tabl

e 5.

Chl

orop

hyll-

a c

onte

nt o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

fr

om r

ock

and

woo

d su

bstra

te fr

om 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0.

[mg/

m2 , m

iligr

am p

er sq

uare

met

er]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

horo

phyl

l-a c

onte

nt (m

g/m

2 )

Woo

d su

bstra

teR

ock

subs

trate

CW

R-7

2.3

16.4

17.4

CW

R-3

5.5

26.6

23.6

UM

-105

5.9

16.8

2.1

UM

-872

117

150

RU

-18

15.6

47.7

RU

-34

40.5

68.5

CR

-23

7.94

19C

R-0

.28.

2219

.5B

E-54

13.4

34.2

BE-

73.2

3.98

17R

E-53

648

.914

.3R

E-45

27.

5357

.9

23

Table 6. Total biovolume and density of benthic algae collected from rock and wood substrate from 12 sites located on six streams in Minnesota during August 2000

[µm3/cm, cubic micrometer per square centimeter; cm2 , square centimeter; --, not collected]

Site identifierTotal biovolume (µm3/cm2) Total density (number of cells/cm2)

Rock substrate Wood substrate Rock substrate Wood substrate

CWR-72.3 113,923,900 58,355,787,392 1,291,601 581,917CWR-35.5 541,846,200 529,357,200 1,082,148 1,799,878UM-1055.9 90,862,517 146,236,416 246,234 203,397UM-872 129,906,614 541,859,656 736,078 2,472,874UM-872 (Replicate) 227,948,884 -- 1,567,368 --UM-872 (Replicate) 216,515,943 -- 1,188,846 --RU-34 484,437,457 2,871,319,970 1,618,846 656,460RU-18 971,845,124 167,582,762 1,507,407 632,221CR-23 224,446,205 22,257,629 1,260,949 112,129CR-0.2 163,319,073 90,778,998 765,937 401,998BE-73.2 205,407,100 36,778,565 1,790,662 188,540BE-54 896,036,700 86,408,799 2,639,934 945,037RED-536 99,078,874 618,333,300 622,254 1,554,338RED-452 755,708,700 43,400,898 1,873,043 505,499

24

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

Chl

orop

hyta

(Gre

en A

lgae

)

Ank

istr

odes

mus

con

volu

tus

Cor

da0.

07

Ank

istr

odes

mus

falc

atus

(C

orda

) Ral

fs0.

040.

100.

060.

040.

09

Chl

amyd

omon

as p

laty

stig

ma

(Kor

shik

off)

Pas

cher

Chl

oroc

occu

m s

p. M

eneg

hini

39.0

21.

623.

4511

.77

1.94

3.65

3.20

9.00

3.02

4.23

9.14

0.62

Cla

doph

ora

sp. K

ützi

ng53

.21

Clo

ster

ium

mon

ilif

erum

(B

ory)

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

89

Coe

last

rum

ast

roid

eum

De

Not

.0.

490.

13

Coe

last

rum

mic

ropo

rum

Näg

eli

0.20

Cru

cige

nia

cruc

ifer

a (W

olle

) Col

lins

0.12

Cru

cige

nia

quad

rata

Mor

ren

0.15

Dic

tyos

phae

rium

pul

chel

lum

Woo

d0.

120.

010.

17

Did

ymog

enes

ano

mal

a (G

.M. S

mith

) Hin

kak

0.06

Mon

orap

hidi

um c

apri

corn

utum

(P

rintz

) Nyg

aard

0.02

0.02

Mou

geot

ia s

p. A

gard

h1.

38

Nep

hros

elm

is s

p. S

tein

0.13

Non

-mot

ile C

hlor

ococ

cale

s (sp

heri-

cal,

>10µ

m)

6.30

Oed

ogon

ium

sp.

Lin

k0.

7710

.64

2.60

Ooc

ysti

s pa

rva

Wes

t & W

est

0.24

0.12

0.01

0.07

0.23

25

Ped

iast

rum

dup

lex

Mey

en5.

280.

28

Ped

iast

rum

tetr

as (E

hren

berg

) Ral

fs0.

43

Pha

cotu

s sp

. Per

ty

Pro

tode

rma

viri

de K

ützi

ng1.

94

Pyr

amic

hlam

ys s

p. E

ttl1.

40

Scen

edes

mus

abu

ndan

s (K

irchn

er) C

hoda

t0.

030.

060.

030.

080.

480.

71

Scen

edes

mus

acu

min

atus

(L

ager

heim

) Cho

dat

Scen

edes

mus

bij

uga

(Tur

pin)

Lag

erhe

im0.

070.

090.

120.

72

Scen

edes

mus

dim

orph

us

(Tur

pin)

Küt

zing

0.03

0.23

Scen

edes

mus

opo

lien

sis

v. c

arin

atus

Le

mm

erm

ann

0.73

0.31

0.41

0.47

0.22

Scen

edes

mus

qua

dric

auda

(Tur

pin)

de

Bré

biss

on0.

890.

040.

100.

090.

31

Scen

edes

mus

ser

ratu

s (C

orda

) Boh

lin0.

100.

11

Sele

nast

rum

gra

cile

Rei

nsch

Spha

eroc

ysti

s sc

hroe

teri

Cho

dat

0.63

0.23

Spir

ogyr

a sp

. Lin

k

Stig

eocl

oniu

m s

p. K

ützi

ng0.

8112

.05

Tet

raed

ron

caud

atum

(C

onda

) Han

sgirg

0.06

Tet

raed

ron

min

imum

(B

raun

) Han

sgirg

0.04

Tet

raed

ron

regu

lare

var

. inc

us

Teili

ng

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

26

Tet

rast

rum

sta

urog

enia

efor

me

(Sch

roed

er) L

emm

erm

ann

0.07

0.15

Chr

ysop

hyta

Cys

t (C

hrys

ophy

te)

0.15

0.44

0.05

Cry

ptop

hyta

(Cry

ptom

onad

s)

Cry

ptom

onas

ero

sa E

hren

berg

0.22

Cry

ptom

onas

ova

ta E

hren

berg

0.20

Cya

noph

yta

(Blu

e-G

reen

s)

Ana

baen

a ci

rcin

alis

Rab

enho

rst

Aph

anoc

apsa

del

icat

issi

ma

Wes

t & W

est

Aph

anoc

apsa

ela

chis

ta

Wes

t & W

est

0.60

0.13

Aph

anoc

apsa

koo

rder

si S

trom

Aph

anot

hece

sax

icol

a N

ägel

i

Cal

othr

ix s

p. A

gard

h0.

290.

160.

060.

060.

39

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

imus

(K

eiss

ler)

Lem

mer

man

n0.

150.

050.

070.

03

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

utus

(K

ützi

ng) N

ägel

i0.

320.

34

Lyn

gbya

dig

ueti

Gom

ont

0.15

0.54

1.96

0.40

0.37

0.44

0.25

0.19

Lyn

gbya

sp.

1 (s

mal

l) A

gard

h27

.09

Lyn

gbya

sp.

3 A

gard

h2.

880.

37

Lyn

gbya

sp.

4 A

gard

h0.

58

Lyn

gbya

sub

tili

s W

est

1.64

0.45

2.65

1.97

1.18

0.16

0.15

0.14

0.25

0.97

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

27

Mer

ism

oped

ia te

nuis

sim

a Le

mm

erm

ann

0.01

Non

-mot

ile

blue

-gre

ens

(>1

µm)

12.3

41.

772.

116.

546.

376.

002.

071.

114.

494.

359.

913.

637.

481.

82

Nos

toc

sp. V

auch

er

Osc

illa

tori

a am

phib

ia A

gard

h0.

08

Osc

illa

tori

a ch

lori

na

Küt

zing

ex

Gom

ont

5.99

0.06

3.03

0.36

0.13

10.1

8

Osc

illa

tori

a ha

mel

ii F

rém

y3.

9016

.24

Osc

illa

tori

a li

mne

tica

Le

mm

erm

ann

0.06

Osc

illa

tori

a sp

. 4 V

auch

er1.

84

Osc

illa

tori

a te

nuis

Aga

rdh

2.20

1.63

0.73

1.38

0.39

4.26

Pho

rmid

ium

frag

ile

(Men

eghi

ni) G

omon

t

Pho

rmid

ium

jadi

nian

um G

omon

t

Pse

udan

abae

na g

alea

ta B

oche

r0.

030.

02

Syne

choc

occu

s el

onga

tus

Näg

eli

0.10

0.43

0.06

0.49

0.22

0.16

0.10

0.06

Xen

ococ

cus

sp. T

hure

t0.

13

Bac

illar

ioph

ycea

e (D

iato

ms)

Ach

nant

hes

exig

ua G

runo

w

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. d

ubia

(G

runo

w) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

52

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. f

requ

en-

tiss

ima

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.32

0.33

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta v

. fre

quen

tis-

sim

a La

nge-

Ber

talo

t0.

33

Ach

nant

hes

min

utis

sim

a K

ützi

ng0.

180.

050.

190.

140.

240.

000.

020.

160.

090.

04

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

28

Am

phor

a m

onta

na K

rass

ke3.

880.

98

Am

phor

a pe

dicu

lus

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

1.08

0.69

0.06

14.9

112

.16

28.5

26.

950.

850.

130.

081.

860.

180.

91

Am

phor

a ve

neta

Küt

zing

Coc

cone

is p

edic

ulus

Ehr

enbe

rg12

.14

21.2

22.

5715

.16

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

line

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg) V

an H

eurc

k24

.33

14.0

91.

831.

701.

772.

310.

748.

1011

.03

9.70

3.64

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

pse

udol

in-

eata

Gei

tler

0.30

Cyc

lost

epha

nos

invi

sita

tus

(Hoh

n &

H

el.)

Ther

., St

oerm

. & H

åkan

sson

Cyc

lote

lla

boda

nica

Gru

now

3.92

Cyc

lote

lla

men

eghi

nian

a K

ützi

ng1.

020.

774.

4421

.82

0.88

14.9

855

.45

2.57

55.1

41.

29

Cyc

lote

lla

sp. 1

(K

ützi

ng) d

e B

rébi

sson

0.08

0.47

0.09

0.16

0.63

Cym

bell

a af

fini

s K

ützi

ng7.

921.

50

Cym

bell

a m

inut

a H

ilse

1.27

1.93

2.11

3.81

Cym

bell

a si

lesi

aca

Ble

isch

1.52

Cym

bell

a si

nuat

a G

rego

ry2.

560.

96

Cym

bell

onit

zsch

ia s

p. H

uste

dt0.

55

Dia

tom

a vu

lgar

is B

ory

3.05

Dip

lone

is fi

nnic

a (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve0.

13

Epi

them

ia s

orex

Küt

zing

0.11

Epi

them

ia s

orex

v. s

orex

Küt

zing

1.81

Epi

them

ia tu

rgid

a v.

wes

term

anni

i (E

hren

berg

) Gru

now

41.0

2

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

29

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

Des

maz

iére

s0.

48

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

v. v

auch

eria

e (K

ützi

ng) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns

(Ehr

enbe

rg) G

runo

w0.

43

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns f.

ven

ter

(Ehr

enbe

rg) H

uste

dt3.

680.

770.

590.

460.

380.

310.

41

Fra

gila

ria

lept

osta

uron

v. d

ubia

(G

runo

w) H

uste

dt1.

770.

643.

86

Fra

gila

ria

pinn

ata

v. p

inna

ta

Ehre

nber

g

Gom

phon

ema

augu

r Eh

renb

erg

5.38

Gom

phon

ema

grac

ile

Ehre

nber

g

Gom

phon

ema

oliv

aceu

m

(Hor

nem

ann)

de

Bré

biss

on3.

339.

275.

842.

321.

04

Gom

phon

ema

parv

ulum

(K

ützi

ng) K

ützi

ng0.

452.

820.

361.

866.

910.

140.

080.

441.

090.

61

Gom

phon

ema

pum

ilum

(G

runo

w)

Rei

char

dt &

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.15

0.22

1.05

Gyr

osig

ma

scal

proi

des

(Rad

enho

rst)

Cle

ve

Gyr

osig

ma

sp. H

assa

ll

Gyr

osig

ma

spen

ceri

i (W

. Sm

ith) C

leve

4.05

13.3

420

.79

Mel

osir

a cf

. dis

tans

Aga

rdh

1.10

Mel

osir

a gr

anul

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg) R

alfs

20.1

92.

761.

60

Mel

osir

a va

rian

s A

gard

h43

.74

0.23

8.47

Nav

icul

a ab

solu

ta H

uste

dt0.

31

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

30

Nav

icul

a ca

pita

ta E

hren

berg

0.55

Nav

icul

a cf

gre

gari

a D

onki

n0.

480.

77

Nav

icul

a cf

. lac

unol

acin

iata

Lan

ge-

Ber

talo

t & B

onik

0.10

0.33

0.23

0.11

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

ceph

ala

Küt

zing

0.91

0.80

2.57

1.04

1.74

0.86

1.50

3.43

1.52

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

tene

lla

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.10

0.21

Nav

icul

a cu

spid

ata

(Küt

zing

) Küt

zing

2.90

Nav

icul

a de

cuss

is v

. dec

ussi

s Ø

stru

p2.

945.

02

Nav

icul

a er

ifug

a La

nge-

Ber

talo

t2.

49

Nav

icul

a go

eppe

rtia

na v

. goe

pper

-ti

ana

(Ble

isch

) H.L

. Sm

ith

Nav

icul

a m

enis

culu

s v.

gru

now

ii

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.48

0.63

4.53

2.92

0.60

1.04

0.85

0.12

0.82

Nav

icul

a pu

pula

Küt

zing

2.61

0.77

Nav

icul

a rh

ynch

ocep

hala

Küt

zing

Nav

icul

a sa

lina

rum

Gru

now

8.34

2.56

4.63

2.32

Nav

icul

a sp

. Bor

y0.

15

Nav

icul

a su

bmin

uscu

la

Man

guin

0.09

0.30

Nav

icul

a vi

ridu

la v

. ger

mai

nii (

Wal

-la

ce) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t2.

572.

928.

1119

.64

5.74

7.42

2.90

2.66

9.58

Nit

zsch

ia a

cicu

lari

s (K

ützi

ng) W

. Sm

ith0.

777.

672.

120.

76

Nit

zsch

ia c

onst

rict

a (K

ützi

ng) R

alfs

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

31

Nit

zsch

ia d

issi

pata

(K

ützi

ng) G

runo

w4.

39

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

Gru

now

0.16

3.46

1.99

1.45

3.55

0.60

0.13

4.65

4.08

3.66

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

v. p

elag

ica

Hus

tedt

0.04

Nit

zsch

ia g

raci

lis

Han

tzsc

h0.

660.

092.

411.

8832

.24

0.59

2.29

12.1

6

Nit

zsch

ia in

cons

picu

a G

runo

w0.

050.

020.

040.

100.

03

Nit

zsch

ia in

term

edia

Han

tzsc

h2.

30

Nit

zsch

ia p

alea

(Küt

zing

) W. S

mith

0.44

2.21

0.25

0.38

13.9

61.

331.

370.

95

Nit

zsch

ia p

erm

inut

a (G

runo

w) P

erag

allo

0.10

Nit

zsch

ia p

umil

a H

uste

dt0.

68

Nit

zsch

ia r

ever

sa W

. Sm

ith3.

496.

413.

05

Nit

zsch

ia s

igm

oide

a (N

itzsc

h) W

. Sm

ith6.

14

Nit

zsch

ia s

p. H

assa

ll

Pin

nula

ria

mic

rost

auro

n (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve11

.74

Rho

icos

phen

ia c

urva

ta

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

0.13

38.9

62.

162.

722.

484.

173.

173.

953.

0214

.19

Step

hano

disc

us h

antz

schi

i (8

-11µ

m) G

runo

w0.

41

Step

hano

disc

us m

ediu

s H

åkan

sson

3.81

Step

hano

disc

us n

iaga

rae

Ehre

nber

g

Suri

rell

a sp

. Tur

pin

3.81

Suri

rell

a vi

surg

is H

uste

dt9.

31

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

32

1 Qua

lity

assu

ranc

e sa

mpl

e

Syne

dra

tene

ra W

. Sm

ith0.

14

Syne

dra

ulna

v. u

lna

(Nitz

sch)

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.24

0.15

2.63

Pyrr

hoph

yta

(Din

ofla

gella

tes)

Gym

nodi

nium

sp.

3 S

tein

0.04

Eugl

enop

hyta

Eug

lena

sp.

Ehr

enbe

rg14

.69

Tra

chel

omon

as v

olvo

cina

Eh

renb

erg

Mis

cella

neou

s

Bat

rach

ospe

rmum

vag

um

(Rot

h) A

gard

h31

.19

Tabl

e 7.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

rock

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

rC

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

UM

-87

2 1U

M-

872 1

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

33

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1];C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

Chl

orop

hyta

(Gre

en A

lgae

)

Ank

istr

odes

mus

con

volu

tus

Cor

da0.

020.

010.

04

Ank

istr

odes

mus

falc

atus

(Cor

da) R

alfs

0.43

0.98

0.60

Chl

amyd

omon

as p

laty

stig

ma

(Kor

shik

off)

Pas

cher

0.01

Chl

oroc

occu

m s

p. M

eneg

hini

0.02

1.36

4.16

0.01

3.39

2.21

6.13

2.72

4.41

Cla

doph

ora

sp. K

ützi

ng99

.73

6.36

Clo

ster

ium

mon

ilif

erum

(Bor

y) E

hren

berg

0.13

Coe

last

rum

ast

roid

eum

De

Not

.0.

13

Coe

last

rum

mic

ropo

rum

Näg

eli

Cru

cige

nia

cruc

ifer

a (W

olle

) Col

lins

0.15

Cru

cige

nia

quad

rata

Mor

ren

Dic

tyos

phae

rium

pul

chel

lum

Woo

d

Did

ymog

enes

ano

mal

a (G

.M. S

mith

) Hin

kak

Mon

orap

hidi

um c

apri

corn

utum

(Prin

tz) N

ygaa

rd

Mou

geot

ia s

p. A

gard

h

Nep

hros

elm

is s

p. S

tein

Non

-mot

ile C

hlor

ococ

cale

s (sp

heric

al, >

10µm

)

Oed

ogon

ium

sp.

Lin

k44

.13

Ooc

ysti

s pa

rva

Wes

t & W

est

0.24

0.79

Ped

iast

rum

dup

lex

Mey

en

Ped

iast

rum

tetr

as (E

hren

berg

) Ral

fs0.

71

Pha

cotu

s sp

. Per

ty0.

39

Pro

tode

rma

viri

de K

ützi

ng

34

Pyr

amic

hlam

ys s

p. E

ttl

Scen

edes

mus

abu

ndan

s (K

irchn

er) C

hoda

t0.

020.

090.

35

Scen

edes

mus

acu

min

atus

(Lag

erhe

im) C

hoda

t0.

34

Scen

edes

mus

bij

uga

(Tur

pin)

Lag

erhe

im

Scen

edes

mus

dim

orph

us (T

urpi

n) K

ützi

ng0.

00

Scen

edes

mus

opo

lien

sis

v. c

arin

atus

Lem

mer

man

n0.

210.

022.

720.

94

Scen

edes

mus

qua

dric

auda

(Tur

pin)

de

Bré

biss

on0.

100.

260.

161.

120.

30

Scen

edes

mus

ser

ratu

s (C

orda

) Boh

lin0.

000.

080.

26

Sele

nast

rum

gra

cile

Rei

nsch

0.76

Spha

eroc

ysti

s sc

hroe

teri

Cho

dat

0.00

0.29

Spir

ogyr

a sp

. Lin

k86

.86

Stig

eocl

oniu

m s

p. K

ützi

ng

Tet

raed

ron

caud

atum

(Con

da) H

ansg

irg

Tet

raed

ron

min

imum

(Bra

un) H

ansg

irg

Tet

raed

ron

regu

lare

var

. inc

us T

eilin

g0.

08

Tet

rast

rum

sta

urog

enia

efor

me

(Sch

roed

er) L

emm

erm

ann

0.16

0.13

Chr

ysop

hyta

Cys

t (C

hrys

ophy

te)

0.01

0.32

0.27

Cry

ptop

hyta

(Cry

ptom

onad

s)

Cry

ptom

onas

ero

sa E

hren

berg

Cry

ptom

onas

ova

ta E

hren

berg

0.02

Cya

noph

yta

(Blu

e-G

reen

s)

Ana

baen

a ci

rcin

alis

Rab

enho

rst

0.03

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

35

Aph

anoc

apsa

del

icat

issi

ma

Wes

t & W

est

0.00

Aph

anoc

apsa

ela

chis

ta W

est &

Wes

t0.

01

Aph

anoc

apsa

koo

rder

si S

trom

0.90

0.76

Aph

anot

hece

sax

icol

a N

ägel

i1.

06

Cal

othr

ix s

p. A

gard

h0.

38

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

imus

(Kei

ssle

r) L

emm

erm

ann

0.07

0.04

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

utus

(Küt

zing

) Näg

eli

0.06

0.05

0.14

Lyn

gbya

dig

ueti

Gom

ont

5.43

0.35

0.16

0.36

Lyn

gbya

sp.

1 (s

mal

l) A

gard

h0.

95

Lyn

gbya

sp.

3 A

gard

h

Lyn

gbya

sp.

4 A

gard

h

Lyn

gbya

sub

tili

s W

est

0.30

0.22

0.00

0.34

1.76

2.51

0.10

1.53

Mer

ism

oped

ia te

nuis

sim

a Le

mm

erm

ann

Non

-mot

ile b

lue-

gree

ns (>

1 µm

)0.

012.

301.

403.

370.

273.

646.

264.

596.

5317

.51

2.55

11.1

5

Nos

toc

sp. V

auch

er0.

33

Osc

illa

tori

a am

phib

ia A

gard

h0.

42

Osc

illa

tori

a ch

lori

na K

ützi

ng e

x G

omon

t0.

022.

220.

080.

63

Osc

illa

tori

a ha

mel

ii F

rém

y61

.07

Osc

illa

tori

a li

mne

tica

Lem

mer

man

n

Osc

illa

tori

a sp

. 4 V

auch

er

Osc

illa

tori

a te

nuis

Aga

rdh

1.69

0.03

0.78

2.15

Pho

rmid

ium

frag

ile

(Men

eghi

ni) G

omon

t0.

17

Pho

rmid

ium

jadi

nian

um G

omon

t0.

00

Pse

udan

abae

na g

alea

ta B

oche

r0.

000.

03

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

36

Syne

choc

occu

s el

onga

tus

Näg

eli

0.06

0.09

0.59

0.00

0.01

0.33

0.17

0.02

0.07

1.27

Xen

ococ

cus

sp. T

hure

t0.

12

Bac

illar

ioph

ycea

e (D

iato

ms)

Ach

nant

hes

exig

ua G

runo

w0.

43

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. d

ubia

(Gru

now

) Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.36

0.20

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. f

requ

enti

ssim

a La

nge-

Ber

talo

t0.

09

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta v

. fre

quen

tiss

ima

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

Ach

nant

hes

min

utis

sim

a K

ützi

ng0.

000.

050.

000.

150.

05

Am

phor

a m

onta

na K

rass

ke24

.05

0.42

6.21

1.32

1.27

Am

phor

a pe

dicu

lus

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

0.00

0.67

6.52

0.28

4.13

0.67

0.48

0.60

Am

phor

a ve

neta

Küt

zing

0.00

3.37

Coc

cone

is p

edic

ulus

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

0110

.94

5.46

7.97

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

line

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg)

Van

Heu

rck

0.07

38.1

810

.87

5.99

0.60

4.27

8.99

1.43

0.27

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

pse

udol

inea

ta G

eitle

r

Cyc

lost

epha

nos

invi

sita

tus

(Hoh

n &

Hel

.) Th

er.,

Stoe

rm. &

H

åkan

sson

2.79

Cyc

lote

lla

boda

nica

Gru

now

Cyc

lote

lla

men

eghi

nian

a K

ützi

ng2.

570.

180.

553.

1217

.15

3.92

31.5

81.

33

Cyc

lote

lla

sp. 1

(Küt

zing

) de

Bré

biss

on0.

000.

140.

04

Cym

bell

a af

fini

s K

ützi

ng

Cym

bell

a m

inut

a H

ilse

0.00

4.95

Cym

bell

a si

lesi

aca

Ble

isch

0.01

Cym

bell

a si

nuat

a G

rego

ry0.

000.

020.

08

Cym

bell

onit

zsch

ia s

p. H

uste

dt

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

37

Dia

tom

a vu

lgar

is B

ory

Dip

lone

is fi

nnic

a (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve0.

00

Epi

them

ia s

orex

Küt

zing

Epi

them

ia s

orex

v. s

orex

Küt

zing

15.9

0

Epi

them

ia tu

rgid

a v.

wes

term

anni

i (Eh

renb

erg)

Gru

now

13.3

2

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

Des

maz

iére

s0.

00

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

v. v

auch

eria

e (K

ützi

ng) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

250.

29

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns (E

hren

berg

) Gru

now

0.09

0.58

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns f.

ven

ter

(Ehr

enbe

rg) H

uste

dt0.

150.

013.

71

Fra

gila

ria

lept

osta

uron

v. d

ubia

(Gru

now

) Hus

tedt

0.01

0.66

0.14

Fra

gila

ria

pinn

ata

v. p

inna

ta E

hren

berg

0.00

Gom

phon

ema

augu

r Eh

renb

erg

4.09

Gom

phon

ema

grac

ile

Ehre

nber

g1.

09

Gom

phon

ema

oliv

aceu

m (H

orne

man

n) d

e B

rébi

sson

4.22

1.55

3.75

Gom

phon

ema

parv

ulum

(Küt

zing

) Küt

zing

0.01

1.52

0.67

0.08

0.08

2.51

1.22

1.70

1.12

0.99

Gom

phon

ema

pum

ilum

(G

runo

w)

Rei

char

dt &

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.02

0.80

0.19

Gyr

osig

ma

scal

proi

des

(Rad

enho

rst)

Cle

ve7.

97

Gyr

osig

ma

sp. H

assa

ll0.

01

Gyr

osig

ma

spen

ceri

i (W

. Sm

ith) C

leve

3.82

Mel

osir

a cf

. dis

tans

Aga

rdh

Mel

osir

a gr

anul

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg) R

alfs

11.5

121

.27

3.50

8.26

13.5

3

Mel

osir

a va

rian

s A

gard

h18

.10

5.00

0.07

Nav

icul

a ab

solu

ta H

uste

dt

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

38

Nav

icul

a ca

pita

ta E

hren

berg

Nav

icul

a cf

gre

gari

a D

onki

n0.

844.

47

Nav

icul

a cf

. lac

unol

acin

iata

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot &

Bon

ik0.

020.

010.

620.

070.

060.

120.

070.

40

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

ceph

ala

Küt

zing

0.00

2.08

0.24

1.32

0.05

0.78

5.32

4.05

26.8

0

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

tene

lla

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.77

0.47

Nav

icul

a cu

spid

ata

(Küt

zing

) Küt

zing

8.28

4.00

Nav

icul

a de

cuss

is v

. dec

ussi

s Ø

stru

p0.

620.

46

Nav

icul

a er

ifug

a La

nge-

Ber

talo

t1.

900.

56

Nav

icul

a go

eppe

rtia

na v

. goe

pper

tian

a (B

leis

ch) H

.L. S

mith

0.00

Nav

icul

a m

enis

culu

s v.

gru

now

ii L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

0013

.14

0.09

2.24

0.88

0.12

0.20

2.78

Nav

icul

a pu

pula

Küt

zing

2.68

1.88

Nav

icul

a rh

ynch

ocep

hala

Küt

zing

1.81

Nav

icul

a sa

lina

rum

Gru

now

0.03

0.38

2.81

0.11

3.98

0.71

3.51

Nav

icul

a sp

. Bor

y0.

000.

260.

04

Nav

icul

a su

bmin

uscu

la M

angu

in0.

150.

24

Nav

icul

a vi

ridu

la v

. ger

mai

nii (

Wal

lace

) La

nge-

Ber

talo

t0.

014.

121.

433.

300.

847.

2532

.38

15.0

516

.56

15.5

74.

01

Nit

zsch

ia a

cicu

lari

s (K

ützi

ng) W

. Sm

ith0.

001.

504.

34

Nit

zsch

ia c

onst

rict

a (K

ützi

ng) R

alfs

4.12

2.96

Nit

zsch

ia d

issi

pata

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

0.29

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

Gru

now

0.37

0.10

2.52

6.71

0.37

9.94

2.43

0.94

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

v. p

elag

ica

Hus

tedt

Nit

zsch

ia g

raci

lis

Han

tzsc

h0.

060.

231.

068.

205.

95

Nit

zsch

ia in

cons

picu

a G

runo

w

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

39

Nit

zsch

ia in

term

edia

Han

tzsc

h0.

201.

005.

9915

.76

Nit

zsch

ia p

alea

(Küt

zing

) W. S

mith

0.13

0.01

0.44

0.06

2.26

2.34

2.92

4.32

Nit

zsch

ia p

erm

inut

a (G

runo

w) P

erag

allo

Nit

zsch

ia p

umil

a H

uste

dt0.

27

Nit

zsch

ia r

ever

sa W

. Sm

ith

Nit

zsch

ia s

igm

oide

a (N

itzsc

h) W

. Sm

ith3.

154.

51

Nit

zsch

ia s

p. H

assa

ll0.

0217

.37

3.98

Pin

nula

ria

mic

rost

auro

n (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve

Rho

icos

phen

ia c

urva

ta (K

ützi

ng) G

runo

w0.

029.

049.

206.

341.

3815

.98

5.99

0.60

6.09

Step

hano

disc

us h

antz

schi

i (8-

11µm

) Gru

now

1.28

Step

hano

disc

us m

ediu

s H

åkan

sson

Step

hano

disc

us n

iaga

rae

Ehre

nber

g24

.38

Suri

rell

a sp

. Tur

pin

Suri

rell

a vi

surg

is H

uste

dt

Syne

dra

tene

ra W

. Sm

ith0.

160.

280.

81

Syne

dra

ulna

v. u

lna

(Nitz

sch)

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

4.41

Pyrr

hoph

yta

(Din

ofla

gella

tes)

Gym

nodi

nium

sp.

3 S

tein

0.10

Eugl

enop

hyta

Eug

lena

sp.

Ehr

enbe

rg

Tra

chel

omon

as v

olvo

cina

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

04

Mis

cella

neou

s

Bat

rach

ospe

rmum

vag

um (R

oth)

Aga

rdh

0.96

Tabl

e 8.

Rel

ativ

e bi

ovol

ume

(in p

erce

nt) o

f ben

thic

alg

ae c

olle

cted

from

woo

d su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000.

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

];CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72

.3C

WR

-35

.5U

M-

1055

.9U

M-

872

RU

-34

RU

-18

CR

-23

CR

-0.2

BE-

73.2

BE-

54R

ED-

536

RED

-45

2

Taxo

n

40

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Taxo

n

Chl

orop

hyta

(Gre

en A

lgae

)

Ank

istr

odes

mus

con

volu

tus

Cor

da0.

8

Ank

istr

odes

mus

falc

atus

(C

orda

) Ral

fs0.

30.

40.

20.

30.

7

Chl

amyd

omon

as p

laty

stig

ma

(K

orsh

ikof

f) P

asch

er

Chl

oroc

occu

m s

p. M

eneg

hini

35.3

18.3

14.6

14.4

7.9

12.6

23.7

18.4

7.4

3.2

9.7

5.6

Cla

doph

ora

sp. K

ützi

ng0.

2

Clo

ster

ium

mon

ilif

erum

(B

ory)

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

4

Coe

last

rum

ast

roid

eum

De

Not

.0.

20.

3

Coe

last

rum

mic

ropo

rum

Näg

eli

0.5

Cru

cige

nia

cruc

ifer

a (W

olle

) Col

lins

0.2

Cru

cige

nia

quad

rata

Mor

ren

0.2

Dic

tyos

phae

rium

pul

chel

lum

Woo

d0.

30.

20.

2

Did

ymog

enes

ano

mal

a (G

.M. S

mith

) Hin

kak

0.2

Mon

orap

hidi

um c

apri

corn

utum

(P

rintz

) Nyg

aard

0.4

0.5

Mou

geot

ia s

p. A

gard

h0.

2

Nep

hros

elm

is s

p. S

tein

0.2

Non

-mot

ile C

hlor

ococ

cale

s (sp

heric

al,

>10µ

m)

0.6

Oed

ogon

ium

sp.

Lin

k0.

30.

41.

4

Ooc

ysti

s pa

rva

Wes

t & W

est

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.2

Ped

iast

rum

dup

lex

Mey

en0.

20.

4

Ped

iast

rum

tetr

as (

Ehre

nber

g) R

alfs

0.4

Pha

cotu

s sp

. Pe

rty

Pro

tode

rma

viri

de K

ützi

ng0.

4

Pyr

amic

hlam

ys s

p. E

ttl0.

2

41

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Scen

edes

mus

abu

ndan

s (K

irchn

er) C

hoda

t0.

30.

20.

30.

51.

11.

5

Scen

edes

mus

acu

min

atus

(L

ager

heim

) Cho

dat

Scen

edes

mus

bij

uga

(Tur

pin)

Lag

er-

heim

0.3

0.3

0.5

0.9

Scen

edes

mus

dim

orph

us

(Tur

pin)

Küt

zing

0.2

0.2

Scen

edes

mus

opo

lien

sis

v. c

arin

atus

Le

mm

erm

ann

0.3

0.1

0.5

0.7

0.5

Scen

edes

mus

qua

dric

auda

(Tur

pin)

de

Bré

biss

on0.

80.

50.

40.

20.

9

Scen

edes

mus

ser

ratu

s (C

orda

) Boh

lin0.

30.

5

Sele

nast

rum

gra

cile

Rei

nsch

Spha

eroc

ysti

s sc

hroe

teri

Cho

dat

0.6

0.8

Spir

ogyr

a sp

. Lin

k

Stig

eocl

oniu

m s

p. K

ützi

ng0.

20.

5

Tet

raed

ron

caud

atum

(C

onda

) Han

s-gi

rg0.

2

Tet

raed

ron

min

imum

(B

raun

) Han

sgirg

0.4

Tet

raed

ron

regu

lare

var

. inc

us T

eilin

g

Tet

rast

rum

sta

urog

enia

efor

me

(S

chro

eder

) Lem

mer

man

n0.

20.

4

Chr

ysop

hyta

Cys

t (C

hrys

ophy

te)

0.2

0.5

0.2

Cry

ptop

hyta

(Cry

ptom

onad

s)

Cry

ptom

onas

ero

sa E

hren

berg

0.4

Cry

ptom

onas

ova

ta E

hren

berg

1.4

Cya

noph

yta

(Blu

e-G

reen

s)

Ana

baen

a ci

rcin

alis

Rab

enho

rst

Aph

anoc

apsa

del

icat

issi

ma

Wes

t & W

est

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

42

Aph

anoc

apsa

ela

chis

ta W

est &

Wes

t0.

60.

3

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Aph

anoc

apsa

koo

rder

si S

trom

Aph

anot

hece

sax

icol

a N

ägel

i

Cal

othr

ix s

p. A

gard

h0.

30.

50.

20.

11.

4

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

imus

(K

eiss

ler)

Lem

mer

man

n0.

40.

20.

40.

2

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

utus

(Küt

zing

) Näg

eli

0.3

0.2

Lyn

gbya

dig

ueti

Gom

ont

1.2

0.6

1.0

0.4

0.5

1.1

0.4

0.2

Lyn

gbya

sp.

1 (s

mal

l) A

gard

h0.

3

Lyn

gbya

sp.

3 A

gard

h0.

20.

2

Lyn

gbya

sp.

4 A

gard

h0.

3

Lyn

gbya

sub

tili

s W

est

6.7

3.5

4.3

2.4

3.5

0.8

1.4

0.2

0.5

2.2

Mer

ism

oped

ia te

nuis

sim

a

Lem

mer

man

n0.

2

Non

-mot

ile b

lue-

gree

ns (>

1 µm

) 57

.947

.241

.561

.449

.358

.133

.038

.042

.549

.460

.565

.563

.439

.0

Nos

toc

sp. V

auch

er

Osc

illa

tori

a am

phib

ia A

gard

h0.

3

Osc

illa

tori

a ch

lori

na

Küt

zing

ex

Gom

ont

6.4

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.2

0.3

Osc

illa

tori

a ha

mel

ii F

rém

y1.

32.

8

Osc

illa

tori

a li

mne

tica

Lem

mer

man

n0.

3

Osc

illa

tori

a sp

. 4 V

auch

er0.

2

Osc

illa

tori

a te

nuis

Aga

rdh

2.3

0.6

0.5

0.1

0.2

0.5

Pho

rmid

ium

frag

ile

(Men

eghi

ni) G

omon

t

Pho

rmid

ium

jadi

nian

um G

omon

t

Pse

udan

abae

na g

alea

ta B

oche

r0.

30.

3

Syne

choc

occu

s el

onga

tus

Näg

eli

8.1

13.2

8.1

18.4

9.9

1.6

3.5

5.6

Xen

ococ

cus

sp. T

hure

t0.

2

Bac

illar

ioph

ycea

e (D

iato

ms)

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

43

Ach

nant

hes

exig

ua G

runo

w

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. d

ubia

(G

runo

w) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

5

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. f

requ

enti

s-si

ma

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.3

0.5

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta v

. fre

quen

tiss

ima

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.5

Ach

nant

hes

min

utis

sim

a K

ützi

ng0.

60.

92.

01.

21.

60.

00.

50.

81.

40.

4

Am

phor

a m

onta

na K

rass

ke0.

20.

2

Am

phor

a pe

dicu

lus

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

0.6

2.6

0.3

14.8

7.2

14.3

7.9

2.7

0.4

0.2

3.2

0.9

2.2

Am

phor

a ve

neta

Küt

zing

Coc

cone

is p

edic

ulus

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

60.

90.

11.

4

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

line

ata

(E

hren

berg

) Van

Heu

rck

2.5

8.7

1.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3

3.2

2.1

2.6

1.4

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

pse

udol

inea

ta

Gei

tler

0.2

Cyc

lost

epha

nos

invi

sita

tus

(Hoh

n &

H

el.)

Ther

., St

oerm

. & H

åkan

sson

Cyc

lote

lla

boda

nica

Gru

now

0.5

Cyc

lote

lla

men

eghi

nian

a K

ützi

ng0.

30.

60.

97.

90.

75.

023

.70.

811

.42.

8

Cyc

lote

lla

sp. 1

(Küt

zing

) de

Bré

biss

on0.

21.

10.

22.

35.

6

Cym

bell

a af

fini

s K

ützi

ng0.

20.

1

Cym

bell

a m

inut

a H

ilse

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.4

Cym

bell

a si

lesi

aca

Ble

isch

0.2

Cym

bell

a si

nuat

a G

rego

ry

0.4

0.5

Cym

bell

onit

zsch

ia s

p. H

uste

dt0.

3

Dia

tom

a vu

lgar

is B

ory

0.1

Dip

lone

is fi

nnic

a (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve0.

4

Epi

them

ia s

orex

Küt

zing

0.1

Epi

them

ia s

orex

v. s

orex

Küt

zing

0.3

Epi

them

ia tu

rgid

a v.

wes

term

anni

i (E

hren

berg

) Gru

now

0.3

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

44

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

Des

maz

ière

s0.

4

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

v. v

auch

eria

e

(Küt

zing

) Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns (E

hren

berg

) G

runo

w0.

5

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns f.

ven

ter

(E

hren

berg

) Hus

tedt

0.8

1.2

0.9

0.2

0.2

1.8

0.4

Fra

gila

ria

lept

osta

uron

v. d

ubia

(G

runo

w) H

uste

dt0.

30.

30.

3

Fra

gila

ria

pinn

ata

v. p

inna

ta

Ehre

nber

g

Gom

phon

ema

augu

r Eh

renb

erg

0.3

Gom

phon

ema

grac

ile

Ehre

nber

g

Gom

phon

ema

oliv

aceu

m

(Hor

nem

ann)

de

Bré

biss

on0.

30.

60.

50.

50.

5

Gom

phon

ema

parv

ulum

(K

ützi

ng) K

ützi

ng1.

44.

30.

30.

41.

10.

30.

20.

40.

80.

9

Gom

phon

ema

pum

ilum

(G

runo

w)

Rei

-ch

ardt

& L

ange

-Ber

talo

t 0.

50.

42.

4

Gyr

osig

ma

scal

proi

des

(Rad

enho

rst)

Cle

ve

Gyr

osig

ma

sp.

Has

sall

Gyr

osig

ma

spen

ceri

i (W

. Sm

ith) C

leve

0.3

0.4

0.7

Mel

osir

a cf

. dis

tans

Aga

rdh

0.2

Mel

osir

a gr

anul

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg) R

alfs

1.1

1.0

0.9

Mel

osir

a va

rian

s A

gard

h1.

20.

10.

5

Nav

icul

a ab

solu

ta H

uste

dt0.

5

Nav

icul

a ca

pita

ta E

hren

berg

0.2

Nav

icul

a cf

gre

gari

a D

onki

n0.

20.

5

Nav

icul

a cf

. lac

unol

acin

iata

La

nge-

Ber

talo

t & B

onik

1.1

2.6

1.6

4.2

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

ceph

ala

Küt

zing

0.5

0.3

0.6

0.5

1.0

0.2

0.9

0.9

2.8

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

45

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

tene

lla

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.3

0.3

Nav

icul

a cu

spid

ata

(Küt

zing

) Küt

zing

0.2

Nav

icul

a de

cuss

is v

. dec

ussi

s Ø

stru

p0.

51.

4

Nav

icul

a er

ifug

a L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

5

Nav

icul

a go

eppe

rtia

na v

. goe

pper

tian

a

(Ble

isch

) H.L

. Sm

ith

Nav

icul

a m

enis

culu

s v.

gru

now

ii

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.1

2.0

2.3

0.6

0.4

1.6

1.6

0.4

2.6

Nav

icul

a pu

pula

Küt

zing

0.4

0.3

Nav

icul

a rh

ynch

ocep

hala

Küt

zing

Nav

icul

a sa

lina

rum

Gru

now

0.9

0.4

1.0

0.7

Nav

icul

a sp

. B

ory

0.2

Nav

icul

a su

bmin

uscu

la M

angu

in0.

20.

5

Nav

icul

a vi

ridu

la v

. ger

mai

nii

(Wal

lace

) Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.1

0.3

0.9

1.0

0.5

0.8

0.7

0.3

0.5

Nit

zsch

ia a

cicu

lari

s

(Küt

zing

) W. S

mith

0.7

1.2

2.7

2.8

Nit

zsch

ia c

onst

rict

a (K

ützi

ng) R

alfs

Nit

zsch

ia d

issi

pata

(K

ützi

ng) G

runo

w3.

4

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

Gru

now

0.3

2.6

1.4

1.1

6.0

2.0

0.2

1.6

3.2

1.8

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

v. p

elag

ica

Hus

tedt

0.3

Nit

zsch

ia g

raci

lis

Han

tzsc

h0.

80.

20.

70.

75.

60.

52.

65.

6

Nit

zsch

ia in

cons

picu

a G

runo

w0.

60.

20.

50.

80.

4

Nit

zsch

ia in

term

edia

Han

tzsc

h0.

2

Nit

zsch

ia p

alea

(K

ützi

ng) W

. Sm

ith0.

56.

50.

40.

212

.93.

61.

87.

0

Nit

zsch

ia p

erm

inut

a

(Gru

now

) Per

agal

lo0.

3

Nit

zsch

ia p

umil

a H

uste

dt0.

4

Nit

zsch

ia r

ever

sa W

. Sm

ith0.

82.

31.

4

Nit

zsch

ia s

igm

oide

a (N

itzsc

h) W

. Sm

ith0.

4

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

46

1 Qua

lity

assu

ranc

e sa

mpl

e

Nit

zsch

ia s

p. H

assa

ll

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72U

M-8

721

UM

-872

1R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Pin

nula

ria

mic

rost

auro

n (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve0.

2

Rho

icos

phen

ia c

urva

ta

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

0.3

23.3

0.9

1.0

0.7

2.1

3.2

1.4

0.9

7.0

Step

hano

disc

us h

antz

schi

i (8

-11µ

m)

Gru

now

0.2

Step

hano

disc

us m

ediu

s H

åkan

sson

0.5

Step

hano

disc

us n

iaga

rae

Ehr

enbe

rg

Suri

rell

a sp

. Tu

rpin

0.4

Suri

rell

a vi

surg

is H

uste

dt0.

8

Syne

dra

tene

ra W

. Sm

ith0.

5

Syne

dra

ulna

v. u

lna

(N

itzsc

h) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

10.

10.

4

Pyrr

hoph

yta

(Din

ofla

gella

tes)

Gym

nodi

nium

sp.

3 S

tein

0.2

Eugl

enop

hyta

Eug

lena

sp.

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

8

Tra

chel

omon

as v

olvo

cina

Ehr

enbe

rg

Mis

cella

neou

s

Bat

rach

ospe

rmum

vag

um

(Rot

h) A

gard

h0.

4

Tabl

e 9.

Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om ro

ck su

bstra

te a

t 12

site

s loc

ated

on

six

stre

ams i

n M

inne

sota

dur

ing

Aug

ust 2

000

(Con

tinue

d)

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

47

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0

[site

iden

tifie

rs a

re d

efin

ed in

Tab

le 1

; CW

R, C

row

Win

g R

iver

; UM

, Mis

siss

ippi

Riv

er; R

U, R

um R

iver

; C

R, C

row

Riv

er; B

E, B

lue

Earth

Riv

er; R

ED, R

ed R

iver

of t

he N

orth

]

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Chl

orop

hyta

(Gre

en A

lgae

)

Ank

istr

odes

mus

con

volu

tus

Cor

da0.

50.

20.

4

Ank

istr

odes

mus

falc

atus

(C

orda

) Ral

fs0.

41.

50.

8

Chl

amyd

omon

as p

laty

stig

ma

(K

orsh

ikof

f) P

asch

er0.

2

Chl

oroc

occu

m s

p. M

eneg

hini

15.7

9.0

10.5

1.1

7.6

5.7

7.9

7.2

8.5

Cla

doph

ora

sp.K

ützi

ng0.

20.

2

Clo

ster

ium

mon

ilif

erum

(Bor

y) E

hren

berg

0.2

Coe

last

rum

ast

roid

eum

De

Not

.0.

4

Coe

last

rum

mic

ropo

rum

Näg

eli

Cru

cige

nia

cruc

ifer

a (W

olle

) Col

lins

0.2

Cru

cige

nia

quad

rata

Mor

ren

Dic

tyos

phae

rium

pul

chel

lum

Woo

d

Did

ymog

enes

ano

mal

a (G

.M. S

mith

) Hin

kak

Mon

orap

hidi

um c

apri

corn

utum

(P

rintz

) Nyg

aard

Mou

geot

ia s

p. A

gard

h

Nep

hros

elm

is s

p. S

tein

Non

-mot

ile C

hlor

ococ

cale

s (sp

heric

al, >

10µm

)

Oed

ogon

ium

sp.

Lin

k1.

0

Ooc

ysti

s pa

rva

Wes

t & W

est

0.4

1.1

Ped

iast

rum

dup

lex

Mey

en

Ped

iast

rum

tetr

as (

Ehre

nber

g) R

alfs

0.2

Pha

cotu

s sp

. Pe

rty0.

2

Pro

tode

rma

viri

de K

ützi

ng

Pyr

amic

hlam

ys s

p. E

ttl

Scen

edes

mus

abu

ndan

s (K

irchn

er) C

hoda

t0.

70.

40.

6

Scen

edes

mus

acu

min

atus

(La

gerh

eim

) Cho

dat

0.4

Scen

edes

mus

bij

uga

(Tur

pin)

Lag

erhe

im

48

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Scen

edes

mus

dim

orph

us (

Turp

in) K

ützi

ng0.

2

Scen

edes

mus

opo

lien

sis

v. c

arin

atus

L

emm

erm

ann

0.5

0.2

0.8

0.6

Scen

edes

mus

qua

dric

auda

(T

urpi

n) d

e B

rébi

sson

0.2

0.4

0.2

1.9

0.7

Scen

edes

mus

ser

ratu

s (C

orda

) Boh

lin0.

20.

10.

4

Sele

nast

rum

gra

cile

Rei

nsch

0.4

Spha

eroc

ysti

s sc

hroe

teri

Cho

dat

0.6

0.4

Spir

ogyr

a sp

. Lin

k0.

4

Stig

eocl

oniu

m s

p. K

ützi

ng

Tet

raed

ron

caud

atum

(C

onda

) Han

sgirg

Tet

raed

ron

min

imum

(B

raun

) Han

sgirg

Tet

raed

ron

regu

lare

var

. inc

us T

eilin

g0.

4

Tet

rast

rum

sta

urog

enia

efor

me

(Sch

roed

er) L

emm

erm

ann

0.4

0.4

Chr

ysop

hyta

Cys

t (C

hrys

ophy

te)

0.2

0.4

0.7

Cry

ptop

hyta

(Cry

ptom

onad

s)

Cry

ptom

onas

ero

sa E

hren

berg

Cry

ptom

onas

ova

ta E

hren

berg

0.2

Cya

noph

yta

(Blu

e-G

reen

s)

Ana

baen

a ci

rcin

alis

Rab

enho

rst

0.4

Aph

anoc

apsa

del

icat

issi

ma

Wes

t & W

est

0.3

Aph

anoc

apsa

ela

chis

ta W

est &

Wes

t0.

3

Aph

anoc

apsa

koo

rder

si S

trom

0.4

0.7

Aph

anot

hece

sax

icol

a N

ägel

i0.

7

Cal

othr

ix s

p. A

gard

h0.

2

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

imus

(K

eiss

ler)

Lem

mer

man

n0.

30.

2

Chr

ooco

ccus

min

utus

(Küt

zing

) Näg

eli

0.3

0.2

0.2

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

49

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Lyn

gbya

dig

ueti

Gom

ont

8.4

0.3

0.2

0.4

Lyn

gbya

sp.

1 (s

mal

l) A

gard

h0.

2

Lyn

gbya

sp.

3 A

gard

h

Lyn

gbya

sp.

4 A

gard

h

Lyn

gbya

sub

tili

s W

est

2.8

1.3

0.2

2.0

3.0

8.0

0.2

2.2

Mer

ism

oped

ia te

nuis

sim

a L

emm

erm

ann

Non

-mot

ile b

lue-

gree

ns (>

1 µm

) 59

.336

.053

.639

.361

.751

.366

.155

.267

.885

.254

.051

.0

Nos

toc

sp. V

auch

er0.

2

Osc

illa

tori

a am

phib

ia A

gard

h0.

6

Osc

illa

tori

a ch

lori

na K

ützi

ng e

x G

omon

t2.

02.

40.

70.

6

Osc

illa

tori

a ha

mel

ii F

rém

y8.

6

Osc

illa

tori

a li

mne

tica

Lem

mer

man

n

Osc

illa

tori

a sp

. 4 V

auch

er

Osc

illa

tori

a te

nuis

Aga

rdh

1.3

0.2

0.4

0.2

Pho

rmid

ium

frag

ile

(Men

eghi

ni) G

omon

t0.

8

Pho

rmid

ium

jadi

nian

um G

omon

t0.

2

Pse

udan

abae

na g

alea

ta B

oche

r0.

20.

2

Syne

choc

occu

s el

onga

tus

Näg

eli

1.7

14.5

27.5

0.9

0.6

14.0

8.0

0.6

1.3

23.2

Xen

ococ

cus

sp. T

hure

t0.

2

Bac

illar

ioph

ycea

e (D

iato

ms)

Ach

nant

hes

exig

ua G

runo

w1.

3

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. d

ubia

(G

runo

w) L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

30.

7

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta s

sp. f

requ

enti

ssim

a La

nge-

Ber

talo

t0.

4

Ach

nant

hes

lanc

eola

ta v

. fre

quen

tiss

ima

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

Ach

nant

hes

min

utis

sim

a K

ützi

ng1.

60.

50.

41.

80.

4

Am

phor

a m

onta

na K

rass

ke0.

30.

20.

20.

40.

2

Am

phor

a pe

dicu

lus

(Küt

zing

) Gru

now

0.4

1.9

6.0

9.1

6.6

1.1

2.9

0.8

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

50

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Am

phor

a ve

neta

Küt

zing

0.1

0.4

Coc

cone

is p

edic

ulus

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

41.

00.

40.

2

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

line

ata

(E

hren

berg

) Van

Heu

rck

8.6

15.4

7.6

1.6

2.2

1.2

2.1

0.4

0.2

Coc

cone

is p

lace

ntul

a v.

pse

udol

inea

ta G

eitle

r

Cyc

lost

epha

nos

invi

sita

tus

(Hoh

n &

Hel

.) Th

er.,

Stoe

rm. &

Håk

anss

on3.

2

Cyc

lote

lla

boda

nica

Gru

now

Cyc

lote

lla

men

eghi

nian

a K

ützi

ng0.

81.

80.

41.

74.

62.

12.

61.

4

Cyc

lote

lla

sp. 1

(Küt

zing

) de

Bré

biss

on0.

20.

80.

7

Cym

bell

a af

fini

s K

ützi

ng

Cym

bell

a m

inut

a H

ilse

0.2

0.3

Cym

bell

a si

lesi

aca

Ble

isch

0.2

Cym

bell

a si

nuat

a G

rego

ry

0.2

0.2

0.2

Cym

bell

onit

zsch

ia s

p. H

uste

dt

Dia

tom

a vu

lgar

is B

ory

Dip

lone

is fi

nnic

a (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve0.

2

Epi

them

ia s

orex

Küt

zing

Epi

them

ia s

orex

v. s

orex

Küt

zing

0.8

Epi

them

ia tu

rgid

a v.

wes

term

anni

i (E

hren

berg

) Gru

now

0.2

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

Des

maz

ière

s0.

2

Fra

gila

ria

capu

cina

v. v

auch

eria

e

(Küt

zing

) Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.3

0.3

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns (E

hren

berg

) Gru

now

0.9

0.6

Fra

gila

ria

cons

true

ns f.

ven

ter

(E

hren

berg

) Hus

tedt

0.7

0.7

2.8

Fra

gila

ria

lept

osta

uron

v. d

ubia

(G

runo

w) H

uste

dt0.

40.

30.

2

Fra

gila

ria

pinn

ata

v. p

inna

ta E

hren

berg

0.4

Gom

phon

ema

augu

r Eh

renb

erg

0.4

Gom

phon

ema

grac

ile

Ehre

nber

g0.

5

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

51

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Gom

phon

ema

oliv

aceu

m

(Hor

nem

ann)

de

Bré

biss

on0.

50.

20.

7

Gom

phon

ema

parv

ulum

(K

ützi

ng) K

ützi

ng2.

01.

71.

40.

10.

90.

40.

80.

40.

70.

8

Gom

phon

ema

pum

ilum

(Gru

now

) Rei

char

dt &

La

nge-

Ber

talo

t 0.

41.

60.

4

Gyr

osig

ma

scal

proi

des

(Rad

enho

rst)

Cle

ve1.

4

Gyr

osig

ma

sp.

Has

sall

0.1

Gyr

osig

ma

spen

ceri

i (W

. Sm

ith) C

leve

0.2

Mel

osir

a cf

. dis

tans

Aga

rdh

Mel

osir

a gr

anul

ata

(Ehr

enbe

rg) R

alfs

1.3

1.5

0.4

1.3

0.8

Mel

osir

a va

rian

s A

gard

h0.

30.

30.

2

Nav

icul

a ab

solu

ta H

uste

dt

Nav

icul

a ca

pita

ta E

hren

berg

Nav

icul

a cf

gre

gari

a D

onki

n0.

40.

8

Nav

icul

a cf

. lac

unol

acin

iata

La

nge-

Ber

talo

t & B

onik

0.3

0.7

4.4

0.8

0.4

0.6

0.7

3.1

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

ceph

ala

Küt

zing

0.8

1.1

0.3

0.8

0.4

0.4

0.6

2.2

3.1

Nav

icul

a cr

ypto

tene

lla

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

1.0

0.2

Nav

icul

a cu

spid

ata

(Küt

zing

) Küt

zing

0.2

0.7

Nav

icul

a de

cuss

is v

. dec

ussi

s Ø

stru

p0.

70.

2

Nav

icul

a er

ifug

a L

ange

-Ber

talo

t0.

20.

4

Nav

icul

a go

eppe

rtia

na v

. goe

pper

tian

a

(Ble

isch

) H.L

. Sm

ith0.

2

Nav

icul

a m

enis

culu

s v.

gru

now

ii

Lang

e-B

erta

lot

0.4

14.8

1.1

2.0

1.1

0.2

1.5

Nav

icul

a pu

pula

Küt

zing

0.6

0.4

Nav

icul

a rh

ynch

ocep

hala

Küt

zing

0.2

Nav

icul

a sa

lina

rum

Gru

now

2.4

0.3

0.3

0.7

0.8

0.4

0.4

Nav

icul

a sp

. B

ory

0.4

0.5

0.2

Nav

icul

a su

bmin

uscu

lan

Man

guin

0.4

1.4

Nav

icul

a vi

ridu

la v

. ger

mai

nii

(Wal

lace

) La

nge-

Ber

talo

t0.

20.

40.

30.

31.

30.

82.

51.

90.

80.

60.

70.

2

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

52

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Nit

zsch

ia a

cicu

lari

s (K

ützi

ng) W

. Sm

ith0.

20.

44.

2

Nit

zsch

ia c

onst

rict

a (K

ützi

ng) R

alfs

0.3

0.2

Nit

zsch

ia d

issi

pata

(K

ützi

ng) G

runo

w0.

3

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

Gru

now

0.5

2.4

2.8

1.3

0.4

5.0

0.6

0.7

Nit

zsch

ia fo

ntic

ola

v. p

elag

ica

Hus

tedt

Nit

zsch

ia g

raci

lis

Han

tzsc

h0.

40.

20.

82.

70.

8

Nit

zsch

ia in

cons

picu

a G

runo

w

Nit

zsch

ia in

term

edia

Han

tzsc

h0.

20.

10.

40.

6

Nit

zsch

ia p

alea

(K

ützi

ng) W

. Sm

ith0.

30.

20.

80.

43.

60.

69.

43.

1

Nit

zsch

ia p

erm

inut

a (G

runo

w) P

erag

allo

Nit

zsch

ia p

umil

a H

uste

dt0.

4

Nit

zsch

ia r

ever

sa W

. Sm

ith

Nit

zsch

ia s

igm

oide

a (N

itzsc

h) W

. Sm

ith0.

70.

2

Nit

zsch

ia s

p. H

assa

ll0.

20.

40.

7

Pin

nula

ria

mic

rost

auro

n (E

hren

berg

) Cle

ve

Rho

icos

phen

ia c

urva

ta (

Küt

zing

) Gru

now

2.0

4.3

12.8

1.3

7.1

3.4

1.3

0.4

0.6

Step

hano

disc

us h

antz

schi

i (8-

11µm

) Gru

now

0.6

Step

hano

disc

us m

ediu

s H

åkan

sson

Step

hano

disc

us n

iaga

rae

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

2

Suri

rell

a sp

. Tu

rpin

Suri

rell

a vi

surg

is H

uste

dt

Syne

dra

tene

ra W

. Sm

ith0.

30.

20.

2

Syne

dra

ulna

v. u

lna

(Nitz

sch)

Lan

ge-B

erta

lot

0.3

Pyrr

hoph

yta

(Din

ofla

gella

tes)

Gym

nodi

nium

sp.

3 S

tein

0.2

Eugl

enop

hyta

Eug

lena

sp.

Ehr

enbe

rg

Tra

chel

omon

as v

olvo

cina

Ehr

enbe

rg0.

2

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

53

Site

iden

tifie

r C

WR

-72.

3C

WR

-35.

5U

M-1

055.

9U

M-8

72R

U-3

4R

U-1

8C

R-2

3C

R-0

.2B

E-73

.2B

E-54

RED

-536

RED

-452

Mis

cella

neou

s

Bat

rach

ospe

rmum

vag

um (

Rot

h) A

gard

h0.

1

Tabl

e 10

. Rel

ativ

e de

nsity

(in

perc

ent)

of b

enth

ic a

lgae

col

lect

ed fr

om w

ood

subs

trate

at 1

2 si

tes l

ocat

ed o

n si

x st

ream

s in

Min

neso

ta d

urin

g A

ugus

t 200

0 (C

ontin

ued)

[s

ite id

entif

iers

are

def

ined

in T

able

1; C

WR

, Cro

w W

ing

Riv

er; U

M, M

issi

ssip

pi R

iver

; RU

, Rum

Riv

er;

CR

, Cro

w R

iver

; BE,

Blu

e Ea

rth R

iver

; RED

, Red

Riv

er o

f the

Nor

th]

54

water-quality parameters and benthic algal communities at ...algae collected from wood and rock...

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