water quality management 2012
DESCRIPTION
This presentation is a brief overview of how aerating water can solve a variety of water quality problems.TRANSCRIPT
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POND & LAKE WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
PRESENTATION
TODAY’S GOAL
• Review factors that impact water quality.- Nutrients, Temperature, Oxygen
• Examine associated problems.- Excessive algal & weed growth,
fish kills, poor clarity, foul odors, insect infestation, sludge build-up.
TODAY’S GOAL CONT’D
• Address problem management methods.
- Mechanical Control- Chemical Control- Biological Control- Aeration
A Healthy Pond
• Balanced Ecosystem
• Problems Absent• Sufficient O2
Levels• Sufficient Aerobic
Bacteria Levels• Fish and other
Aquatic Wildlife Present
Healthy Ponds
Unhealthy Pond
• Out of Balance• High Nutrient
Levels• Aerobic Bacteria
Cannot Keep Pace with Nutrient Loading
• Algae, Weed Growth and Other Problems Appear
Severe Problems
Nutrients
• Carbon Based Compounds Containing Phosphorous and Nitrogen
• Phosphorous is the Greatest Contributor to Aquatic Plant Growth
• Nutrients Come From Several Sources
Nutrient Sources
• Bottom Sediment and Dead Organic Matter are the Primary Sources
• Run-off and Inlet Water are Secondary• Nutrient Cycling Process Contributes
- Eutrophication Occurs• Effluent (Treated Wastewater)• Fertilizer Leaching
Eutrophic Ponds
A eutrophic lake (derived from the Greek, eu meaning 'good' / 'well' and trophic meaning 'food' / 'nutrients') is a lake with high primary productivity the result of high nutrient content
Hypereutrophic Ponds
lakes are very nutrient-rich
Temperature Factor
• Thermal Stratification
Oxygen Factor
• Stimulates Aerobic Digestion Process
- Reduces Excess Nutrients
• Supports Food Chain and Entire Ecosystem
How Oxygen Enters A Pond
• Rainfall (Natures Aerator)• Atmospheric Contact and Wind• Photosynthesis by Aquatic Plants
and Algae
Oxygen Depletion
• Stress Occurs When Levels Drop Below 3 to 4 parts per million
• Late Night or Just Before Dawn• Cloudy, Still Days• High Nutrient Content• After Chemical Application
Pond Depth Factor
• Shallow Depths Allow Warming and Greater Sunlight Penetration
• Increased Photozone Accelerates Plant Growth
How The Factors Interact
• As pond ages, nutrient levels rise due to increase in bottom organic sediment, run-off and fertilizer use in surrounding watershed. Algal and aquatic weed growth increase. Algae and weeds die, sink to bottom to decompose. This biomass will increase the aerobic bacteria population, utilizing large amounts of oxygen to digest the organic waste.
How The Factors Interact
• Due to thermal stratification, top and bottom layers will not mix. Oxygen cannot reach the bottom to support aerobic digestion. Oxygen depletion will occur and may cause nutrient cycling, fish kills, and foul odors caused by anaerobic digestion
How The Factors Interact• The water quality of this pond is now
very poor. • Excessive nutrients, poor circulation and
low oxygen levels.• Mosquito and other insect populations
breeding in stagnant, algae covered surface water.
• What Can Be Done To Remedy This?
Solutions• Mechanical
- Dredging- Raking
• Expensive• Treats symptoms,
not causes• Temporary
Solutions - Chemical
• Most popular• Quick• Specific plant
elimination• Promotes nutrient
cycling• Accelerates O2
depletion• Treats symptoms• Does not improve
water quality
Solutions – Lake Dye• UV Blocker• Inhibits
Photosynthesis• Aesthetic
appeal
Solutions-Biological
• Weed Eating Fish – Triploid Grass Carp• Create Wetlands to Absorb Nutrients
Before They Can Enter Pond• Littoral Zone Plantings to Absorb
Nutrients Before Entering Pond• Berms – Topological Relief to Prevent
Run-off Nutrients from Entering Pond
Littoral Zone Plantings
Solutions - Biological• Bioaugmentation – Beneficial
Bacteria or Enzymes• Benthic Zone (Pond Bottom)
Weed Mats
Solutions - Aeration• Helps Keep Three Contributing Factors;
Temperature, Nutrients and Oxygen in Balance
• Has No Harmful Side Effects and Naturally Supports the Eco-System
• Attacks the Source of the Problem; Poor Water Quality, thus Impeding Algal and Weed Growth, Bottom Sludge Build-Up, Odors and Insect Infestations
Aeration Tests
• To Prove Positive Effects, Two Simple, Cost Effective Tests Can Be Performed
• Perform a Before and After Test• Test in a True Stress Situation, After
Dark or Before Dawn on a Hot, Cloudy Day at 3’ and 10’ of Depth
• Use an O2 Monitor to Record DO Levels and Temperature to Test Mixing
• Aerators Should Run For 72 Hours, Non-Stop, Before Testing
Aerator Types
• Surface Spray• Bottom Air Diffusion • Mixers and Aspirators
Surface Spray
• Provide DO and Vertical Circulation
• Most Effective in Depths Less Than 12’
• OTR Exceeding 2lbs per HP, per Hour
• Supplemental Aesthetics
Surface Spray Components
• Power Unit• Float Assembly• Control Panel• Power Cable• Total Components
UL Listing for Safety
• Options – Deep Water Intake, Lights
VOLCANO ll
Conical Volcano
STANDARD HIGH VOLUME FLOW(NO NOZZLE)
LAKEWOOD FULL FLOW
SANIBEL
PAR
MORE DECORATIVE LESS AERATING
CROWN & GEYSER NOZZLE
CRYSTAL GEYSER NOZZLE
PRESTWICK
WIDE GEYSER NOZZLE
FIRESTONE
REFLECTION
SURFACE SPRAY ACCESSORIES
• NIGHT LIGHTING
• DEEP WATER INTAKE
• DIGITAL TIMERS
• CUSTOM LARGE DEBRIS SCREENS
• INTERCHANGEABLE NOZZLES
FOUNTAIN AERATOR ANCHORING/ MOORING
FIGURE 1 is most applicable for a smaller pond, or one that is easily accessible from two sides.
In a larger body of water or where vandalism is a concern, FIGURE 2 is the preferred method.
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Sizing and Placement
• Rule of Thumb – 2HP per acre (4045sqm)
• For Severe Problems & Fountains – Add HP
• Place Unit or Units for Maximum Zone of Influence
Bottom Air Diffusion• Compressed Air Driven• Synergistic Micro-Bubble Diffuser
Technology• Superior De-Stratification and
Aeration in Deeper Depths (10 to 32feet) (3 to 9.75m)
• Unobtrusive, Natural Surface Water Display
• No Electrical or Moving Parts in Water
Air Diffusion System
• Compressor• Diffusers• Air Tubing
COMPRESSORS
FINE BUBBLE DIFFUSERS
Surface Boil Effect
Air Diffuser Sizing
• General Rule of Thumb – One Diffuser per ½ Acre in Depths of 4 to 11 feet (1.2 to 3.3m). In Depths of 12 to 32 feet (3.6 to 9.75m), One Diffuser per Acre.
• Increase Amount of Diffusers for Ponds with Restricted Circulation and / or Severe Nutrient Load Conditions
Mixers and Aspirators• Create Directional Flow• Surface or Bottom Mounted• Horizontal Mixers Create Strong Flow• Horizontal Aspirators Inject Atmospheric
O2 into Flow• Excellent Cove and Shallow Water Movers
• Vertical Mixers for De-Stratification
HORIZONTAL ASPIRATOR/MIXER
HORIZONTAL MIXER FLOW
VERTICAL MIXER
MIXER / ASPIRATOR SIZING
• General Rule of Thumb – 3HP Per Acre (per 4045sqm) for Horizontal Applications
• 1HP Per 4045sqm for Vertical Applications
ConclusionWhat Causes Most Management
Problems?• High Nutrient Loading• Lack of Circulation Leading to Thermal
Stratification• Excessive Algal & Weed Growth• Sludge Build-up• Organic Digestion (Aerobic & Anaerobic)
Conclusion (cont’d)
• No One Solution / Method is the Complete Answer
• Do the Things that Will Improve Water Quality
• Aeration is the Foundation for a Healthy, Balanced Pond
Aeration Will:
• Increase Dissolved Oxygen Levels
• Improve Circulation• Help Control Nutrient Loading• Decrease Chemical Use by
Allowing Them to Perform More Effectively
Develop A Management Program
• Which is Long Term in Scope• Addresses the True Causes of the
Problem• Balances the Ecosystem• Provides A Water Resource that
Adds to Our Environment Functionally and Aesthetically for Years To Come
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