water-quality and lake-stage data for wisconsin lakes, water year 1999 … · 2011-01-09 ·...

Water-Quality and Lake-Stage Data for Wisconsin Lakes, Water Year 1999

er 2

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 00-89

Prepared in cooperation with theState of Wisconsin and local agencies

ience for a changing world

WATER-QUALITY AND LAKE-STAGE DATA FOR WISCONSIN LAKES, WATER YEAR 1999

By Wisconsin District Lake-Studies Team

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-File Report 00-89

A report by the Wisconsin District Lake-Studies Team-D.L. Olson (team leader), J.F. Elder, H.S. Garn, G.L. Goddard,E.A. Mergener, D.M. Robertson, and W.J. Rose

Prepared in cooperation withTHE STATE OF WISCONSIN AND OTHER AGENCIES

Middleton, Wisconsin 2000

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director

For additional information write to:

District Chief U.S. Geological Survey 8505 Research Way Middleton, Wl 53562

Copies of this report can be purchased from:

U.S. Geological SurveyEarth Science Information CenterOpen-File Reports SectionBox 25286, MS 517Denver Federal CenterDenver, CO 80225

CONTENTS

Introduction........................................................................ 1Methods of data collection ............................................................ 4Explanation of physical and chemical characteristics of lakes................................. 8

Water temperature and thermal stratification........................................ 8Specific conductance......................................................... 10Water clarity................................................................ 11pH ...................................................................... 11Dissolved oxygen ........................................................... 12Phosphorus................................................................ 13Nitrogen................................................................... 13Chlorophyll a............................................................... 14

Classification of lakes............................................................... 14References cited................................................................... 16Lake data ........................................................................ 19

Benedict near Powers Lake, 423201088180800.................................... 21

Big Hills (Hills) near Wild Rose (440912089092000 ................................. 23

Big St. Germain near Lake Tomahawk, 05390750 .................................. 25

Big Sissabagama

near Stone Lake, 454724091303600 ......................................... 26

North Site, near Stone Lake, 454800091312900 ................................ 29

Buffalo

Center Site, at Packwaukee, 434558089260600 ................................ 31

East End, at Montello, 434720089201600 ..................................... 33

West End, near Endeavor, 434414089282400.................................. 35

Delavan

near Delavan, 423706088363400............................................ 37

at Center near Delavan Lake, 423556088365001 ............................... 38

at North End near Lake Lawn, 423659088354401 ............................... 43

at SW End near Delavan Lake, 423526088380101 .............................. 43

Devils near Baraboo, 05404500 ................................................ 44

Eagle Spring at Eagleville, 425103088261500 ..................................... 45

Fish near Sauk City, 05406050 ................................................. 47

Geneva

at Lake Geneva, 423525088260400.......................................... 48

Geneva Bay, at Lake Geneva, 423455088263800............................... 50

Williams Bay, at Williams Bay, 423420088320500 ............................... 51

Center, near Lake Geneva, 423402088301400 ................................. 52

East End, near Lake Geneva, 423421088272300 ............................... 55

West End, near Williams Bay, 423329088323300 ............................... 61

Green at County Trunk Highway A near Green Lake, 434928088553601 ................ 67

Koshkonong near Newville, 05427235 ........................................... 68

Little Arbor Vitae near Woodruff, 455446089370300 ................................ 69

iii

CONTENTS-Continued

Little Cedar

North Site, near West Bend, 432255088134700 ................................ 70

South Site, near West Bend, 432249088134500 ................................ 72

Little Green, at Center, near Markesan, 43441208859070079 ......................... 74

Little Muskego at Muskego, 425425088083500 .................................... 76Little St. Germain

near Eagle River, 05390700 ................................................ 79Northeast Bay, near St. Germain, 455545089262500 ............................ 80South Bay, near St. Germain, 455437089270800 ............................... 82West Bay, at St. Germain, 455428089282400 .................................. 84

Little Sand near Mole Lake, 04074651 ........................................... 86Mendota at Madison, 05428000 ................................................ 87

Middle at Lauderdale, 424621088335500......................................... 88

Middle Genesee near Oconomowoc, 430309088284800............................. 90Monona at Madison, 05429000................................................. 92Muskego (Big Muskego)

Bass Bay, near Muskego, 425344088070100 .................................. 93Muskego, near Wind Lake, 425109088075000 ................................. 96Muskego, South Site, near Muskego, 425112088072800 ......................... 97

Namekagon LakesGarden, near Cable, 461224091030200....................................... 99

Jackson,near Cable, 461457091065900 ..................................... 101

NamekagonDeep Hole, near Cable, 461308091065100................................. 103East Basin, near Cable, 461228091044300 ................................ 105Northeast Basin, near Cable, 461410091050700 ............................ 107

OconomowocNo. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, 430551088273500 ............................ 109No. 2 (off Hewitt Point) at Oconomowoc, 430609088262200...................... 111

Okaucheeat Okauchee, 430723088252100 ........................................... 113No. 1, near Okauchee,430759088244200.................................... 115No. 2, at Okauchee, 430645088264500...................................... 115No. 3, at Okauchee, 430642088252400...................................... 116No. 4, at Okauchee, 430757088261700...................................... 116

Potter near Mukwonago, 424905088204000 ..................................... 117Powers at Powers Lake, 423246088175800...................................... 119Shell at Shell Lake, 05334000. ................................................ 121Tombeau near Powers Lake, 423153088184800 .................................. 123Whitefish

North Site, near Gordon, 461321091520900 .................................. 125South Basin, near Gordon, 461212091523200................................. 127

iv

CONTENTS-Continued

Whitewater near Whitewater, 424608088414800 .................................. 129Wind

at Wind Lake, 424915088083900........................................... 130Outlet at Wind Lake, 424848088083100...................................... 133

Winnebago

at Oshkosh, 04082500 ................................................... 134near Stockbridge, 04084255............................................... 135

Wisconsin District publications pertaining to lakes........................................ 136

FIGURE

Figure 1. Map showing location of lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin....................2

TABLES

Table 1. Discontinued lake stations..........................................................................................................5

2. WATSTORE parameter codes, minimum reporting limits, and laborator identifying codes for chemical parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water-Quality Laboratory or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.............9

CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATED WATER-QUALITY UNITS

Multiply

mile (mi)

pound (Ib)

acre

foot (ft)

gallon (gal)

square mile (mi2)

By

1.609

453.6

0.4048

0.3048

3.785

2.590

To Obtain

kilometer

gram

hectare

meter

liter

square kilometer

Temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by use of the following equation:

°F=1.8(°C) + 32.

Sea level: In this report "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929)-a geodetic

datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly

called Sea Level Datum of 1929.

Abbreviated water-quality units: Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric units. Chemical

concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms per liter (|0,g/L). Milligrams per liter is a unit

expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight (milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter)

of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to one milligram per liter. For water with dissolved-solids

concentrations less than 7,000 mg/L, the numerical values for concentrations expressed as mg/L and |0,g/L are the same as

for concentrations in parts per million and parts per billion, respectively.

Specific conductance of water is expressed in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (|0,S/cm). This unit is

equivalent to micromhos per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (^mho/cm), formerly used by the U.S. Geological Survey.

VI

WATER-QUALITY AND LAKE-STAGE DATA

FOR WISCONSIN LAKES, WATER YEAR 1999By Wisconsin District Lake-Studies Team

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with local and other agencies, collects data at selected lakes throughout Wisconsin. These data, accumulated over many years, provide a data base for developing an improved understanding of the water quality of lakes. To make these data available to interested parties outside the USGS, the data are published annually in this report series. The location of water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin for water year 1999 are shown in figure 1. A water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30. It is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Thus, the period October 1, 1998 through September 30, 1999 is called "water year 1999."

The purpose of this report is to provide information about the chemical and physical charac teristics of Wisconsin lakes. Data that have been collected at specific lakes, and information to aid in the interpretation of those data, are included in this report. Data collected include measure ments of in-lake water quality and lake stage. Time series of Secchi depths, surface total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations collected during non-frozen periods are usually included for lakes with two or more years of data. Graphs of vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance are included for sites where these parameters were measured. Descriptive information for each lake includes: location of the lake, area of the lake's watershed, period for which data are available, revisions to previously published records, and pertinent remarks. Additional data, such as streamflow and water quality in tributary and outlet streams of some of the lakes, are published in another volume: "Water Resources Data- Wisconsin, 1999."

Water-resources data, including stage and discharge data at most streamflow-gaging stations, are available throught the World Wide Web on the Internet. The Wisconsin District's home page is at http://wi.water.usgs.gov/. Information on the Wisconsin District's Lakes Program is found at wi.water.usgs.gov/lake/index.html.

92|40 60 MILES

,_______ I I 1 I I

0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS

46

9 Whitefish ^Namekagoa

BigSt.Germam

Little Arbor Vitae J/ttfe st Qerma/^i

; O N E I D A

WASHBU^N ± BigSissabagan\a Shell , i

PQRTA3E WAUPACA | OUTAGAIVj| E ! BROWN

j VV'NNE- ICALUMETj MANITOWOCWAUShARA ! <« ' N N E ' B A G C

Hills I QWinnebago j_

i FOND DU LAC | SHE30YG

LittleGreen

DeVilS COLUMBIA ! DODGE ' :O i ' o ca ' c L^~ vl*amrii&c

s AuK :-'_ Fish_ _j LittleCed&rj^ }/ \^'Oconomowoc

i \ rt/ti^f 3 ^R E E N . 3 0 C K : WALWORTH ! ;~~!-

Delavan* \EXPLANATION

Green Lg^ name

o Lake-stage station

Lake water-quality and stage station

Note: at some lakes more than one site may be monitored.

Middle Genesee

Little Muskego BlgMuskego Eagle Spring

Benedict

Tombeau\

Lauderdale (Middle)

Figure 1. Location of lake water-quality and lake-stage stations in Wisconsin.

The USGS has done cooperative lake monitoring with local and other agencies since 1983. Cooperators in 1999 included:

Benedict/Tombeau Lake DistrictBig Muskego Lake DistrictBuffalo Lake DistrictCity of MuskegoDane County Department of Public WorksEagle Spring Lake Management DistrictGeneva Lake Environmental AgencyGreen Lake Sanitary DistrictLittle Cedar Lake Protection and Rehabilitation DistrictLittle Green Lake Protection and Rehabilitation DistrictLittle Muskego Lake Protection and Rehabilitation DistrictLittle St. Germain Lake Protection and Rehabilitation DistrictMiddle Genesee Lake DistrictOkauchee Lake Management DistrictPotters Lake Protection and Rehabilitation DistrictPowers Lake DistrictRock County Public Works DepartmentTown of AuburnTown of Delavan (Delavan Lake)Town of Namekagon (Namekagon Lakes Association)Town of Sand Lake (Big Sissabagama Lake Association)Town of Wascott (Whitefish Lake Association)U.S. Army Corps of EngineersVillage of Oconomowoc LakeWhitewater Lake Management DistrictWind Lake Management DistrictWisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Lake data-collection sites are identified by a unique identification number. Lake water-

quality sites are identified by a 15-digit number that is a concatenation of the site's latitude,

longitude, and a two-digit sequence number. The sequence number is used to distinguish

between sites located at the same latitude-longitude designation. The site identification number

is permanently assigned to the site; actual latitude and longitude of the site are subject to update

and are stored separately. For some lakes, which have historical records of lake stage, an eight-

to-ten digit number is assigned according to downstream order. Gaps are left in the numerical

series to allow for new stations; hence, the numbers are not consecutive. The first two digits of

the complete eight-to-ten digit number, such as 04087000 or 054310157, designate the major

river basin. For example, "04" designates the St. Lawrence River Basin and "05" designates the

Upper Mississippi River Basin.

The water-quality lake stations that were discontinued prior to water year 1999 are listed in

table 1. Discontinued lake-stage stations are not included in this table.

This report is the culmination of a concerted effort by a number of people who collected,

compiled, analyzed, verified, and organized the data, and who typed, edited, and assembled the

report. The authors had primary responsibility for assuring that the information contained herein

is accurate, complete, and adheres to USGS policy and established guidelines. Technicians in

charge of the field offices are: T.J. Popowski (Rice Lake), J.J. Hanig (Merrill), and J. Habale

(Middleton). The data were collected and processed by G.L. Goddard, B.M. Gray, J.J. Hanig,

D.E. Housner, J.A. Jasinski, S.B. Marsh, E.A. Mergener, D.L. Olson, and J.G. Schuler. P.A. Stark assembled, edited, and formatted the report. Additional assistance in preparation of the report

was provided by M.M. Greenwood.

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION

Depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance were

collected using multi-parameter meters. Prior to measurements, the meters were calibrated using standards for pH and conductance, and dissolved oxygen was calibrated using the air calibration

method. Generally, field measurements in profiles were made at 0.5-m intervals if the maximum

depth of the lake was 5 m or less and at 1.0-m intervals if the maximum depth was greater than

5 m.

4

Table 1 . Discontinued lake stations

Station name Site identification number Period of record

Alma Lake near St. Germain

Balsam Lake, off Cedar Island, at Balsam Lake off Little Narrows, near Balsam Lake

off Rock Island, near Balsam Lake near Birchwood

Bass Lake near Shawano

Bear Lake at Deep Hole near Haugen

Beaver Dam Lake, South end, at Beaver Dam

North end, near Beaver Dam

Big Blacksmith Lake near Keshena

Big Muskego Lake, at North Site, near MuskegoResearch Base, near Muskego

Big St. Germain Lake near St. Germain Booth Lake near East Troy Denoon Lake at Wind Lake Druid Lake near Hartford

Eagle Lake near Kansasville

Eagle Lake, at Deep Hole, near Kansasville

Elizabeth Lake near Twin Lakes

Forest Lake near DundeeFowler Lake, Center, at Oconomowoc

Fox Lake Deep Hole at Fox Lake

Hemlock Lake near Mikana

Hooker Lake at Salem

Kirby Lake near Cumberland

Balsam Lake, (Site 1) near Cumberland

(Site 2) near Cumberland

(Site 3) near Cumberland

(Site 4) near Cumberland(Site 5) near Cumberland(Site 6) near Cumberland

Lac La Belle, Center, at Oconomowoc

NW, at Oconomowoc

SE at Oconomowoc

Lake Blass at Lake Delton

Lake Keesus, East Bay, near MertonNorth Bay, near Merton

Lake Morris at Mount Morris Lake Nebagamon, Northeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon

455426089254700

452755092264600452858092265300

452754092234300

453907091345800

445215088300300453754091490900

432814088515000

433122088545700

445401088334500

425301088061300425235088075300

455557089311000424800088254800425044088100300431643088243300

05544500

424207088072400

423051088155300

433632088100200

430653088294601

433458088560600453421091333700

423335088060300

453554092042101

453608092035801

453601092035301

453612092034901

453603092035701453608092041201453555092040901

430733088305900

430809088313900

430707088301400

433545089482400

4309570088183400

431006088191000440654089120500463050091412300

Oct. 1984-Sept. 1990, May 1992-Sept. 1996 Feb. 1991-Aug. 1994 May 1991-Aug. 1994 May 1991-Aug. 1994 Mar. 1993-Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996-Aug. 1997 Feb. 1990-Aug. 1992 Mar. 1992-Aug. 1993 June-Oct. 1991 June-Oct. 1991 Feb. 1990-Aug. 1992 Feb.-Aug. 1988 May-^June 1994 Feb. 1992-Aug. 1996 Feb. 1992-Aug. 1994 Feb. 1991-Aug. 1996 Feb. 1991-Sept. 1996 1936-64, 1975-77, 1979, Feb. 1993-Sept. 1996 Feb. 1993-Aug. 1996 Feb. 1995-Sept. 1997 Mar. 1994-Aug. 1996 Jan-Dec. 1984, Oct. 1986-Sept. 1996 June 1991-Mar. 1993 Mar. 1993-Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996-Aug. 1997 Feb. 1992-Aug. 1993 Nov. 1995-Oct. 1996 Nov. 1995-Nov. 1996 Nov. 1995-Nov. 1996 Nov. 1995-Nov. 1996 Nov. 1995-Nov. 1996 Nov. 1995-Nov. 1996 Nov. 1995-Nov. 1996 Feb. 1984-Aug. 1985, Feb.-Sept. 1991 Feb. 1984-Aug. 1985 Feb. 1984-Aug. 1985 Mar. 1989-Aug. 1990 Apr. 1991-Aug. 1995 Apr. 1991-Aug. 1995 Jun. 1983-Sept. 1989 May 1992-Aug. 1995



Southeast Bay, at Lake Nebagamon West Bay, at Lake Nebagamon

Lake Noquebay near Crivitz

East End, near Crivitz Lamotte Lake near Shawano

Lauderdale Lakes

at Lauderdale

Green near Lauderdale

Mill at Lauderdale

Legend Lake (site 1) near Shawano Little Rock Lake near Woodruff

Long (Kee Nong Go-Mong) Lake at Wind Lake

Loon Lake near Shawano

Lost Lake near Beaver Dam

McKenzie Lakes

McKenzie (Big McKenzie)

Deep Hole, near Spooner

Northern Site, near Spooner South Site, near Spooner

Lower McKenzie, near Webb LakeMiddle McKenzie, near Spooner

Mary (Marie) Lake at Twin Lakes Max Lake near Woodruff

Mead Lake, East Bay near Willard

West Bay near Willard Montello Lake at Montello

Moon Lake near St. Germain

Morgan Lake near Fence Moshawquit Lake near Shawano Park Lake (site 1) at Pardeeville

(site 2) at Pardeeville(site 3) at Pardeeville

(site 4) at Pardeeville

Pretty Lake, at Deep Hole, near Dousman

Red Cedar Lake, Deep Hole, near Mikana

South End, at Mikana

Rice Lake at Deep Hole near Whitewater Round Lake near Shawano

462928091413500

463034091425300

451511087550900

451540087525700

445305088361200

424554088332700

424652088341500

424555088335700

445342088312700

455946089415702

424937088103400

445009088303700

432640088580500

455507092013500

455540092022000

455437092022300

455902092011900

455635092021800

423128088151200

460128089423501

444720090445000

444733090460100

434748089195800

455504089260500

454622088324801

445352088295800

433239089175800

433226089175500

433245089173000

433257089165100

425722088295000

453725091345100

453519091352500

424629088415700

445328088335000

Mar. 1992-Sept. 1995 May 1992-Aug. 1995 Feb. 1987-Aug. 1988, Apr. 1991-Aug. 1994 Apr. 1991-Aug. 1994 Feb. 1990-Aug. 1992

Oct. 1993-Oct. 1994 Nov. 1993-Nov. 1994 Nov. 1993-Nov. 1994 Feb. 1990-Feb. 1992 Oct. 1983-Sept. 1996 Feb. 1988-Aug. 1989, Feb. 1991-Aug. 1996 Feb. 1991-Aug. 1993 June-Oct. 1991

Feb. 1987-Aug. 1998 June 1997-Aug. 1998 June 1997-Aug. 1998 June 1997-Aug. 1998 June 1997-Aug. 1998 Feb. 1995-Aug. 1997 Mar. 1988-Dec. 1996 Apr. 1991-Aug. 1995 Feb. 1991-Sept. 1995 Feb. 1995-Aug. 1998 Feb. 1992-Aug. 1996 Oct. 1987-Sept. 1998. Feb. 1990-Aug. 1992 Feb. 1986-Aug. 1987, May-Nov. 1993 May-Nov. 1993 May-Nov. 1993 May-Nov. 1993 Feb. 1993-Aug. 1997 Mar. 1993-Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996-Aug. 1997 Mar. 1993-Aug. 1994, Mar. 1996-Aug. 1997 Apr.-Nov. 1991 Feb. 1990-Aug. 1992



Sand Lake (Deep Hole) near Keshena

Silver Lake near Oconomowoc

Silver Lake near West BendSinissippi Lake, off Anthony Is., at Hustisford

off Butternut Is., near Hustisfordoff Sam Point, near Hustisford

Spirit Lake near Keshena

Stewart Lake at Mt. Horeb

Tichigan Lake near Waterford

Upper Nemahbin Lake, Center, near Delafield

South Site, near Delafield

Outlet near Delafield

Vandercook Lake near Woodruff Watosah-skice Lake near Keshena

Waubeesee Lake at Wind Lake

Whitewater Lake, off Heart Prairie, near Whitewater

near Whitewater

North Bay, near Whitewater

South Bay, near Whitewater

Wind Lake, Northeast Basin, at Wind Lake

Wolf Lake near Mt. Calvary

445321088323101

430436088293300432322088125000432113088361100432240088363900

432300088374200

445400088320100

430117089442701

424854088123300

430400088254900

430339088254800

430334088255400

455909089405602445330088361400

424857088101500

424533088420100424608088414800

424625088405500

424501088422300

424938088080800

435152088123100

June-Aug. 1992

Apr. 1992-Aug. 1996 Feb. 1996-Aug. 1997

Feb. 1991-Aug. 1993 Apr. 1991-Aug. 1993

Apr. 1991-Aug. 1993

Apr.-Aug. 1992

May 1992-Sept. 1993

Mar. 1994-Aug. 1996

June 1993-Aug. 1995

June 1993-Aug. 1995

June 1993-Aug. 1995 Nov. 1980-Aug. 1998

Feb. 1990-Aug. 1992

Feb. 1988-Aug. 1989, Feb. 1991-Aug. 1996

Apr.-Nov. 1991

Apr.-Oct. 1991

Apr.-Nov. 1991

Apr.-Nov. 1991

Feb. 1997-Aug. 1998

Nov. 1983-Sept. 1986, Nov. 1992-Sept. 1997

In most lakes, water samples were collected at two depths - near the surface and near the bottom. Chemical analyses of water samples were performed using standard analytical methods by either the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (Wershaw and others, 1987; Fishman and Friedman, 1989; Fishman, 1993) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, 1993). Analyses for dissolved constituents were performed on samples that were filtered in the field through a 0.45-|im (micrometer) pore-size filter. Total or total recov erable constituents were determined by analyzing unfiltered water samples. Preservation and shipment of samples followed standard protocols established by the laboratories. Water-quality data were archived in the Water Quality Data Base (QWDATA) of the National Water Information System (NWIS). Additional descriptive information about water-quality data is available in the data report: "Water Resources Data - Wisconsin, 1999". NWIS parameter codes and minimum laboratory reporting limits for chemical constituents are given in table 2.

Records of lake stage are considered complete when one or more manual or automatic measurements were obtained per day. Partial records of lake stage result when measurements were less frequent than daily. A complete description of manual or automatic measurements of

lake stage is described by Rantz and others (1982).

EXPLANATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

OF LAKES

Following are brief, generalized explanations of some of the common measurements of water quality and some of the physical processes occurring in lakes that influence these measures of water quality. More detailed explanations of water-quality data and lake processes are given by Wetzel (1983), Hem (1985), and Shaw and others (1993).

Water Temperature and Thermal Stratification

Water temperature in lakes is important because of its role in stratification and because of the temperature dependence of many chemical reactions and life processes of aquatic organisms. The extent of thermal stratification in lakes depends on the interaction between the lake's shape, water clarity, solar heating, and wind-driven mixing. Complete mixing of the lake is usually inhibited by thermal stratification in summer and by ice cover in winter. Thermal stratifi cation affects water quality and the distribution of organisms in the lake. Summer thermal stratifi cation can occur in any lake, but in Wisconsin it commonly occurs in lakes deeper than about 6 m (Shaw and others, 1993).

Table 2. Parameter identification numbers and laboratory reporting levels (LRL) for chemical parameters commonly measured in lakes, and analyzed at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) or the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene (WSLH)

fNWQL)

Parameter Name

Calcium, diss. (Ca)

Magnesium, diss. (Mg)

Sodium, diss. (Na)

Potassium, diss. (K)

Sulfate, diss. (SO4)

Chloride, diss. (Cl)

Fluoride, diss. (F)

Iron, diss. (Fe)

Manganese, diss. (Mn)

Silica, diss. (SiO2)

Nitrogen, NO2+NO3 , diss.

Nitrogen, ammonia, diss.

Nitrogen, organic, total (3)

Nitrogen, amm.+org., total (4)

Nitrogen, total (5)

Phosphorus, total

Phosphorus, ortho, diss.

Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton

Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton

Units

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

H9/L

H9/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

mg/L

H9/L

H9/L

GAS Number

(1)

7440-70-2

7439-95-4

7440-23-5

7440-09-7

14808-79-8

16887-00-6

16984-48-8

7439-89-6

7439-96-5

7631-86-9

7664-41-7

17778-88-0

7723-14-0

14265-44-2

479-61-8

479-61-8

Parameter Code

(2)

00915

00925

00930

00935

00945

00940

00950

01046

01056

00955

00631

00608

00623

00665

00671

70953

32210

Standard Analysis

Lab LRL Code

0.020

0.004

0.09

0.24

0.31

0.29

0.100

10

2.2

0.1

0.05

0.02

0.100

0.05

0.01

0.1

659

663

675

54

1572

1571

31

645

648

56

1975

1976

1985

1984

1262

586

Low-Level Analysis

Lab LRL Code

0.002

0.001

0.025

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.01

3

1

0.02

0.005

0.002

0.001

0.001

1895

1897

1898

833

1263

1259

1260

1896

1793

1899

1979

1980

837

1978

M/SLI-n

MRL

0.02

0.02

0.09

0.3

1.0

0.1

0.03

10

0.4

0.008

0.01

0.013

0.2

0.005

0.002

1

Test Code

I230IUD

I390IUD

I80IUD

I540IUD

I600DLD

I240ELD

I330FLD

I370IUD

I400IUD

I560LLD

I460MLD

I440NLD

I470BLT

I520PLT

I530CLD

I250UNF

Footnotes:1: CAS (Chemical Abstracting Services) number= unique identification for each constituent 2: Parameter Code - unique number for storage of data in database 3: Calculated as difference between total ammonia + organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen 4: Also known as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 5: Calculated as sum of TKN + Nitrogen as (NO2+NO3)

The density of water increases with decreasing temperature down to a temperature of

4°C, then decreases with decreasing temperature between 4°C and the freezing point of water

(0°C). For a brief period in the spring after the ice is out, water temperature is usually uniform

through the entire water column and wind action causes the lake to mix completely. This process

is known as "spring turnover." As the lake absorbs the sun's energy, the surface water becomes

warmer and its density decreases, making it more resistant to complete mixing. The difference in

density caused by different water temperatures can prevent warm and cold water from mixing. In

most lakes, therefore, a density "barrier" forms between the warmer surface water (epilimnion)

and the underlying colder water (hypolimnion). This barrier is often marked by a sharp temper

ature gradient known as the "thermocline (metalimnion)." During the stratified summer period,

these three distinct layers of lake water are often present. As the temperature difference

between surface and deep water increases, this "stratified" condition stabilizes and can persist

until surface temperatures decrease in the fall, which decreases the stability of the stratification.

The mixing of the lake water in the fall is known as "fall turnover."

Thermal stratification may also occur under ice cover in the winter. In the winter, the coldest

water (near 0°C) under the ice at the surface of the lake is less dense than water deeper in the

lake with warmer temperatures.

Specific Conductance

Specific conductance is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current

and is an indicator of the concentration of dissolved solids in the water. Because conductance is temperature related, reported values are normalized at 25°C and are termed specific conduc

tance. As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, specific conductance increases.

During winter and summer thermal stratification, concentrations of dissolved constituents near

the lake bottom increase due to the decomposition of materials settling from the epilimnion, or

release of dissolved materials (such as iron, manganese, and phosphorus) from the bottom

sediments during anoxic periods. Therefore, differences in specific conductance with depth

indicate differences in concentrations of dissolved solids.

10

Water Clarity

Water clarity, or transparency, is commonly measured using a Secchi disc. The range of depths within which photosynthetic activity occurs depends largely on depth of light penetration, which is influenced by water clarity. A Secchi disc, most commonly an 20-cm.-diameter disc with alternating black-and-white quadrants, is lowered to a depth at which it is no longer visible. This depth is referred to as the Secchi depth. Clarity can be reduced by algae, zooplankton, water color, and suspended sediment. Algae are often the most dominant influence on clarity in lakes and, therefore, Secchi depth is usually correlated with the algal abundance. Secchi depths are generally the least during summer when algal populations are largest.

BH

The pH is a measure of the acidity of the water. It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen-ion concentration and varies over a 14-unit log scale, with a pH of 7 being neutral. Values less than 7 indicate acidic conditions; the lower the value, the stronger the acidity. Values greater than 7 indicate alkaline conditions. The pH of water is influenced in part by photosyn thesis and respiration of planktonic algae and aquatic plants. It is important because it affects the solubility of many chemical constituents, and because aquatic organisms have limited pH toler ances. Planktonic algae and aquatic plants produce oxygen and consume carbon dioxide as they photosynthesize during daytime; they consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide when they respire at night. Carbon dioxide combines with the water molecule to form carbonic acid; therefore respiration causes a decrease in pH at night and photosynthesis during the day causes an increase in pH. The result is a daily cycle in pH. Because phytoplankton are usually concen trated in the near-surface water, changes in pH in the epilimnion are more extreme than in the hypolimnion, where less photosynthesis usually occurs.

Lakes having good fish populations and productivity generally have a pH between 6.7 and 8.2. Values of pH greater than 8.5 have been shown to cause the release of phosphorus from lake sediments (James and Barko, 1991).

11

Dissolved Oxygen

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most critical factors affecting a lake ecosystem because it is essential to most aquatic organisms, and it is involved in many chemical reactions. Very low dissolved oxygen concentrations can control some types of chemical reactions. The solubility of oxygen in water is inversely related to temperature-that is, oxygen solubility decreases as water temperature increases. This relation is important because at warmer temperatures the metabolic rate of organisms increases but less oxygen is available for respiration. The primary sources of dissolved oxygen are from the air and from photosynthesis. The minimum dissolved oxygen concen tration specified in national water-quality criteria for early life stages of warmwater aquatic life is 5.0 mg/L (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986).

In early summer, if thermal stratification develops, the metalimnion restricts the surface supply of dissolved oxygen to the hypolimnion. The hypolimnion can become isolated from the atmosphere. Thus, as summer progresses, the dissolved oxygen concentration can decrease in response to decomposition of dead algae that settle from the epilimnion and in response to the biological and chemical oxygen demand of the sediments. The oxygen demand from these processes may completely deplete the oxygen (anoxia) in the water near the lake bottom. The oxygen depletion then progresses upward but usually is confined to the hypolimnion.

Anoxia in the hypolimnion is common in stratified eutrophic (nutrient-rich) lakes in Wisconsin. Complete anoxia, however, is often not detected because of meter constraints. During anoxic condi tions, many aquatic organisms cannot survive, but many other species (primarily bacteria) actually function only in such conditions. Therefore, a shift from oxic to anoxic conditions produces a rapid and dramatic change in the biological community and chemical environment. Anoxia also can cause release of phosphorus from the bottom sediments. This phosphorus then mixes throughout the water column during spring and fall turnover.

12

Phosphorus

Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth. High phosphorus concentrations

can cause dense algal populations (blooms) and can therefore be a major cause of eutrophication in

lakes. When phosphorus concentrations exceed 0.025 mg/L at the time of spring overturn in lakes

and reservoirs, these water bodies may occasionally experience excess or nuisance growth of algae

or other aquatic plants (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986). In many regions of the

country, including the upper Midwest, other nutrients, particularly nitrogen, tend to be in abundant

supply. Phosphorus is often the nutrient in shortest supply, therefore limiting or controlling plant

growth. About 90 percent of the lakes in Wisconsin are limited by phosphorus (Shaw and others,

1993). In water, dissolved orthophosphate is that part of total phosphorus that is most readily

available for use by algae.

Internal phosphorus recycling occurs in many lakes. Phosphorus used by algae, aquatic plants,

fish, and zooplankton is stored within these organisms. As these organisms die and decompose, this

phosphorus is returned to the lake water and sediments. Anoxia in the hypolimnion makes

phosphorus more soluble, adding further to the release of phosphorus from the falling particles and

the lake sediments. During spring and fall turnover the phosphorus, which was released from the

bottom sediments into the hypolimnion during anoxia, is mixed throughout the lake. The phosphorus

is then available for algal growth. These phenomena are part of the internal-recycling processes of

lakes.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen, like phosphorus, is an essential nutrient for plant and algal growth. Usually in

Wisconsin lakes, nitrogen is in abundant supply from the atmosphere and other sources. If

phosphorus is abundant relative to algal needs, nitrogen can become the limiting nutrient. In that

case, algal blooms are more likely to be triggered by increases in nitrogen than by increases in

phosphorus. Some bluegreen algal species can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere (Wetzel, 1983).

Therefore, in situations where other types of algae are excluded because of a shortage of nitrogen,

the nitrogen-fixing bluegreen algae have a competitive advantage and may be present in

abundance.

Lakes with a nitrogen to phosphorus ratio larger than 15 to 1 near the surface may generally be

considered phosphorus limited; a ratio from 10 to 1 to 15 to 1 indicates a transition situation; and a

ratio smaller than 10 to 1 generally indicates nitrogen limitation. Total nitrogen is the sum of

ammonia, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-plus-nitrite nitrogen. The near-surface concentration is

commonly used to compute the total nitrogen to phosphorus ratio because most algal species grow

near the lake surface.

13

Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a is a photosynthetic pigment found in algae (Wetzel, 1983) and other green plants. Its concentration, therefore, is commonly used as a measure of the density of the algal population in a lake. Chlorophyll a concentrations are generally highest during summer when algal populations are highest. Moderate populations of desirable algae are important in the food chain; however, excessive populations or algal blooms are undesirable. Algal blooms can cause taste and odor problems, and limit light penetration needed to support growth of submerged aquatic plants. Certain species of bluegreen algae can produce toxins (Rapavich and others, 1987).

CLASSIFICATION OF LAKES

Two methods are commonly used to classify and evaluate Wisconsin lakes according to their water quality or trophic state: Lillie and Mason's (1983) water-quality index and a modifi cation of Carlson's (1977) Trophic State Index (TSI) by Lillie and others (1993). Three water- quality measures are used in these classification systems: near-surface concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, and water clarity as indicated by the Secchi depth.

Lillie and Mason's (1983) water-quality indices for Wisconsin lakes were developed based on random summer measurements of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depth to classify the lakes' water quality as shown below:

Water-quality index

"Excellent"

"Very good""Good"

"Fair"

"Poor"

"Very poor"

Total phosphorus range (mg/L)

<0.001

.001 -.009

.010-.029

.030-.049

.050-. 149

>.150

Chlorophyll a rangeOAQ/L)

<1.0

1 .0- 4.9

5.0- 9.9

10.0-14.9

15.0-30.0

>30.0

Water clarity range (Secchi depth, in meters)

>6.0

3.0-6.0

2.0-2.9

1 .5-1 .9

1 .0-1 .4

<1.0

14

The TSI approach to lake classification assigns numerical ranges to the three trophic condi

tions generally used to describe the wide range of lake water-quality conditions. Oligotrophic

lakes are typically clear, algal populations and phosphorus concentrations are low, and the

deepest water is likely to contain oxygen throughout the year. Mesotrophic lakes typically have a

moderate supply of nutrients, experience moderate algal blooms, and have occasional oxygen

depletions at depth. Eutrophic lakes are nutrient rich with relatively severe water-quality

problems, such as frequent seasonal algal blooms, oxygen depletion in lower parts of the lakes,

and poor clarity. When eutrophic conditions are very severe, the lake is considered hyper-

eutrophic.

The WDNR modified the lakes classification scheme developed by Carlson (1977) to apply

specifically to Wisconsin lakes. The WDNR system (Lillie and others, 1993) uses surface total

phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentrations, and Secchi depth for ice-free periods to calculate

values for TSI's. The WDNR has adopted the following TSI ranges to classify Wisconsin lakes:

indices of less than 40 define oligotrophic conditions, 40 to 50 define mesotrophic conditions,

greater than 50 to define eutrophic conditions, and greater than 70 define hypereutrophic condi

tions (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1992). These ranges are used to make

relative comparisons in Wisconsin lake trophic-state evaluations by the WDNR and others.

The TSI for a lake can be calculated using the following equations (Lillie and others, 1993):

TSISecchi = 60.0 - 33.2 x (Iog10 Secchi depth)

TSIch |0rophy|| a - 34.82 + (17.41 x (Iog10 chlorophyll a concentration))

TSItotai phosphorus = 28.24 + (17.81 x (Iog10 total phosphorus concentration x 1,000))

where: Secchi depth is in meters,

chlorophyll a is in micrograms per liter, and

total phosphorus is in milligrams per liter.

The three trophic conditions are defined with the following boundaries for total phosphorus,

Secchi disc, and chlorophyll a:

Trophic Level

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

Trophic State Index

... __ 50 ___ .\J\J

.......... 40 .. ..-

Total phosphorus (mg/L)

- 0.017

.......... 0.005

Secchi d (m)

- 4.0

epth Chlorophyll a OA9/L)

.................7.4 ...........

.................2.0 -

15

REFERENCES CITED

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, March, v. 22, no. 2, p. 361-369.

Fishman, M.J., ed., 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., eds., 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic sub stances in water and fluvial sediments (3d ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A1, 545 p.

Hem, J.D., 1985, Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (3rd ed.): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254, 263 p.

James, W.F., and Barko, J.W., 1991, Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime con- vective circulation: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 5, p. 946-960.

Lillie, R.A., Graham, S., and Rasmussen, P., 1993, Trophic-State Index equations and regional predictive equations for Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Research Management Findings No. 35, 4 p.

Lillie, R.A., and Mason, J.W., 1983, Limnological characteristics of Wisconsin lakes: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Technical Bulletin No. 138, 116 p.

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 631 p.

Rapavich, W.M., Sonzogni, W.C., Standridge, J.H., Vennie J.G., and Wedepohl, R.E., 1987, Inci dence of algal toxins in Wisconsin water experiencing blue-green algae blooms: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Informa tional Paper, 8 p.

Shaw, B., Mechenich, C., and Klessig, L., 1993, Understanding Lake Data: G3582: University of Wisconsin Extension, Madison, Wis., 19 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality Criteria for Water 1986: U.S. Environmen tal Protection Agency publication, EPA 440/5-86-001 [variously paged].

Wershaw, R.L., Fishman, M.J., Grabbe, R.R., and Lowe, L.E., eds., 1987, Methods for the deter mination of organic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 5, chap. A3, 80 p.

Wetzel, R.G., 1983, Limnology (2d ed.): New York, 767 p.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1992, Wisconsin water quality assessment-Report to Congress, 1992: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Publ-WR254-92-REV, 220 p.

16

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Sciences Section, 1993, Manual of ana lytical methods, inorganic chemistry unit: Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, revised November 1993 [variously paged].

17

LAKE DATA

19

423201088180800 BENEDICT LAKE NEAR POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°32'01", long 88°18'08", in NW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.19, T.I N., R.19 E., Kenosha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.4 misouthwest of Powers Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 1998 to current year.REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin

State Laboratory of Hygiene.WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 19 TO AUGUST 04, 1999

(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Feb-19 Apr-15 Aug-4

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ug/L

_--

0.54.55417 . 917 . 90.014____________^__________-_________

___

_________

__----

11. 03 .46797 .711. 50. 023___________.________._____________________

______

8251.7 .

0.511. 66548.212.00. 018<0. 0020. 5570. 3531.21.75

1. 52604636262. 222234595. 8356

. 09, 900

11. 09-26608.19.3

0. 021__.__________-_____________________________________

82621.

0.526.86128.29. 0

0. 007_______________^___________________________________

.26.370

11. 09.56917.60.7

0. 075______________________________________________-____

825 . 651 . 91. 64

0.5 11 . 027 . 5 9.5569 6958.2 7.58.6 0.4

0.010 0.1020 . 004 ---0.512 ---0.128 ---0.92 ---1.4 ---___ ______ __-___ ______ ______ ______ _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

0. 527 .45618.19 . 5

0.020______.____________________-_______ _____________---

825.711. 93 . 008.014 . 06108. 09.0

0. 030---_______-________________________________________

11. 09.17337 .20. 0

0.077________-____-_______

____________------______---

05 2

U H 4

S 6

I.CQQ io

12

2-19-99

10 15 20

W.T.

10 20 30

4-15-99 6-10-99 7-07-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER10 15 20

10 20 30

0

0

10 15 20

10 20 30

0

0

10 15 20

10 20 30

8-04-99

10 15 20

10 20 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

0

05 2

S 6

S 8Q io

12

6 7 10

PHs.c.

10 10 10 10

450 550 650 750 "450 550 650 750 "450 550 650 750 "450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

21

- 0.025

2< OS£ 3 0.020

0.015

Qi2 o.oio

IS 0.005

JFMAMJ JASOND 1998

JFMAMJ JASOND 1999

15

i- j §£ 10

£y 5 9S

JFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJ JASOND 1998 1999

§3UJ C/3

JFMAMJ JASOND 1998

JFMAMJ JASOND 1999

uu

90

80

70

60

50

20

10

0

_

-

-

-

-

WxMesotrophic

EXPLANATION

§1 Total Phosphorus

Q - Chlorophyll a

*< Secchi

J F M A M

_

Eutrophic

-

-

x^^jiL^:7:::^!:^:^ ^^^j" *^& O ^j yr

Oligotrophic

J J ASONDJFMAMJ JASOND 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Benedict Lake near Powers Lake, Wisconsin.

22

440912089092000 BIG HILLS (HILLS) LAKE NEAR WILD ROSE, WI

LOCATION.~Lat 44°09'12", long 89°09'20", in SW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.2, T.19 N., R.ll E., Waushara County, Hydrologic Unit 04030202, 4.6 misoutheast of Wild Rose.

DRAINAGE AREA.-0.78 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.-June 1983 to August 1984, February to August 1987, February to August 1990, February to August 1993, February to

August 1996, and February to August 1999. REMARKS. Lake sampled at east end at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State

Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 23 TO AUGUST 18, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Apr-28 Aug-18

Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a., phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (us/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ng/L

_--__-

0.5 5.53.9 4.3250 2697.1 7.27.1 6.6

0.006 0.010--_ _ _ ___- _ _ ._._ _________ ______ ______ ______ ____-_ _____ _ ____ _ _ _ _ ____ ______ ____ _ _ __ ______ _ ______ ___

2 . 38.00

0.5 5.511.7 11.6233 2348.3 8.312.3 12.10 . 008 0 . 016<0.002 ---0.113 ---0.436 ---1 . 0 ---1 . 1 ---10 ---1 . 1 ---110 ---23 ---13 ---1.8 ---

<0 . 30 ---102 ---5.9 ---5.7 ---0.7 ---126 ---

2.9 34.50 1 .

0.5 5.5 0.521.5 21.0 27.4224 232 2208.2 7.9 7.38.7 6.8 6.5

0 . 010 0 . 015 0 . 007--- --- <0.002--- --- 0.012--- --- 0.045--- --- 0.49--- --- 0.5___ ___ -_____ ___ ______ ___ -_____ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ -__ --____ ___ __-

. 925

5 .525 . 32247 . 24 . 3

0.009

<0 . 0100 .0960 .58__________________

______

___

___

3 . 860 .500

0.5 5.524.0 24.0229 2287.4 7.36.2 5.2

0 . 013 0 . 012_ _ ____ ______ -_____ ______ _-____ ______ --____ ______ ______ ______ ______ -_____ ____ _ _ ______ _____ _ ______ -__

2-23-99 4-28-99 6-17-99 7-23-99 8-18-99


u

en 1

UJ

1§ 3

ffi

UJ

f.

-

-

,

-

-

. . . i i . , . .10 20 30

10 15 20. 1 1 . 1 1 . . . 1 . 1

_ W.T.

-

-

_

-

, , , , 1 , , , ,

, , | , , i r

-

-

-

_

D.O. :-

i ....

10 15 20

-

-

-

- )I.I.I.

-

-

-

-

, , , 1 , , , Lj

10 15 20

10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

30

10 15 20. . . . 1

-

-

-

-

-

. . . . 1 . . . . 1 . . . .

-

-

-

-

-

10 20 30

a

Z 3

W

10

pH

S.C.

200 225 250 275 300

1 '

-

-

-

-

-

i i

1

-

-

-

-

-

i

10

200 225 250 275 300

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 10

1 '

-

-

-

-

- . 11 1

1

-

-

-

-

-

1

200 225 250 275 300

\

1 1

10

200 225 250 275 300

10

200 225 250 275 300


23

- 0.025O

< .,,g g 0.020

§3

0.015

0.010

a 0.005

1 I I I I I I I I I I T

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

10

§ S3 sa u

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

0

t/5

Ws3 2

g>SECCHI

n

:

- 0

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

1UO

90

80Xg 70£K 60

£ 30

g 40

§ 30

20

10

0

i ' ' -EXPLANATION

- - Total Phosphorus

-6- Chlorophyll a

K- Secchi

* »

$ ^2^---

1983 1984 1985

1-

Eutrophic

-

_

-'V^ A Jt'" '~~^MSH--^' ll"ar=^r^rts^^^^ ..^^p : _

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

-

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Hills Lake near Wild Rose, Wisconsin.

(Circles on the first three plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses. Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

24

05390750 BIG ST. GERMAIN LAKE NEAR LAKE TOMAHAWK, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 45°55'00", long 89°31'55" in NE 1/4 SE1/4 sec.30, T.40 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, at dam outlet, 7.7 mi northeast of Lake Tomahawk.

DRAINAGE AREA.--73.1 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1991 to current year. Lake stages for previous years were recorded by Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company.

GAGE.-Nonrecording gage. Datum of gage is 1,580 ft, above sea level.

COOPERATION. Lake stages provided by Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 10.98 ft. May 9, 1999; minimum observed, 8.16 ft, Jan. 26, 1996.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum gage height observed, 10.98 ft, May 9; minimum observed, 8.84 ft, Jan. 25.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1999

DAILY MEAN VALUES

NOV DEC

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.

5656585654

6262626464

6464646262

6264646666

68.70686668

.6662605854.48

62,7048

1010101010

1010

10

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

.46

.38

.34

.30

.26

.20

.12______.00

___.98___.86---

___.82___.74---

___.66___.62---

.56______.50___---

_________

9.46______

9.38---

______

9.34___---

9.28_________

9.24

______

9.16___ -

9.12______

9.08---

_________

9.04___

____.____

JAN

9.02

9.00

FEE

9.02

9.04

9.04

9.06

9.10

9.14

9.02

9.10

JUN JUL AUG

9.9.-_

9.

_--

9.-

_9.-_-

8.-_

8.-

_8.8.8.8.

8.8.8.8.8.8.

_--

1005-___04

__---_03--

__01---_--

98-___97--

__98969698

969694949494

__-_--

89999

99999

99999

9999

10

1010101010

1010101010

9108

.96

.00

.12

.26

.32

.40

.50

.58

.62

.66

.68

.72

.78

.82

.86

.90

.94

.98

.98

.10

.22

.28

.32

.34

.34

.40

.52

.50

.50

.50

.87

.52

.96

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.

5254545454

7088929894

9086807672

6866.767468

76.76807264

5652525050.50

699850

1010101010

1010101010

1010101010

1010101010

1010101010

1010101010

101010

.50

.50

.48

.50

.50

.62

.62

.60

.60

.60

.62

.62

.68

.56

.52

.50

.48

.44

.40

.42

.42

.44

.46

.50

.52

.52

.54

.54

.56

.56---

.53

.68

.40

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10,10.

10.10.10.10.10,

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.10,

10.1010.

,62,66.72.72,78

.80

.76

.72

.94

.82

.78

.70

.66

.58

.52

.54

.54

.52

.54,56

.56

.56

.56

.56

.56

.66

.62,58.56.54.54

.64

.94

.52

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.10.10.10.

10.10.10.

4848485052

52,505050,48

,48.5070.6767

7068666664

6262.6058.56

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25

454724091303600 BIG SISSABAGAMA LAKE NEAR STONE LAKE, WI

LOCATION.~Lat 45°47'24", long 91°3036", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.6, T.38 N., R.9 W., Sawyer County, Hydrologic Unit 07050001, near Stone Lake.


LAKE-STAGE RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD.-1986 to 1996, and October 1997 to current year, during open-water periods.

GAGE.-Water surface measured from reference point near lake outlet. Measurements were made by Richard Roehrich and James Eary.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD: Maximum gage height observed, 6.09 ft, May 7 and Sept. 15,1991; minimum observed, 4.78 ft, Sept. 15, 16, 1988.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum gage height observed, 5.95 ft, June 11; minimum observed, less than 5.07 ft, Oct. 1-16 (stages below 5.07 ft cannot be measured from reference point).


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEE MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

1 <5.07 5.10 --- 5.78 5.75 5.88 2 <5.07 5.08 5.75 5.75 5.86 5.763 <5.07 5.08 5.74 5.79 5.91 5.754 <5.07 5.08 5.74 5.81 5.90 5.745 <5.07 5.08 --- 5.75 5.84 5.87 5.82

6 <5.07 5.08 5.84 5.83 5.87 5.927 <5.07 5.73 5.91 5.80 5.91 5.908 <5.07 5.89 5.84 5.88 5.969 <5.07 5.88 5.88 5.86 5.94

10 <5.07 5.91 5.88 5.84 5.85 5.91

11 <5.07 5.12 5.93 5.95 5.83 5.85 5.8912 <5.07 5.15 5.91 5.93 5.82 5.84 5.9513 <5.07 5.12 5.89 5.91 5.87 5.91 5.9214 <5.07 5.11 5.88 5.88 5.84 5.90 5.9115 <5.07 5.12 - 5.87 5.86 5.83 5.88 5.89

16 <5.07 5.13 --- 5.85 5.84 5.86 5.8817 5.10 5.13 5.88 5.82 5.85 5.8818 5.13 5.12 5.90 5.80 5.85 5.8719 5.12 5.12 --- --- 5.89 5.77 5.78 5.88 5.8720 5.11 5.13 5.91 5.75 5.75 5.87 5.86

21 5.11 5.13 5.91 5.74 5.75 5.87 5.8422 5.10 5.14 5.90 5.74 5.74 5.86 5.8323 5.10 5.14 5.91 5.80 5.72 5.86 5.8224 5.09 5.15 5.78 5.70 5.90 5.8025 5.11 5.15 5.77 5.70 5.93 5.78

26 5.11 5.16 5.88 5.72 5.95 5.90 5.7627 5.11 5.16 --- --- 5.84 5.70 5.94 5.88 5.7528 5.11 5.16 5.83 5.75 5.92 5.86 5.7229 5.11 5.17 5.83 5.74 5.90 5.83 5.6930 5.10 5.18 5.82 5.73 5.88 5.81 5.6631 5.10 5.80 5.93 5.79

MEAN 5.09 --- --- 5.80 5.87MAX 5.13 5.95 5.93MIN 5.07 - 5.70 5.79

< Actual value is known to be less than the value shown

26

454724091303600 BIG SISSABAGAMA LAKE NEAR STONE LAKE, WI--CONTINUED

WATER-QUALITY RECORDS

PERIOD OF RECORD.-1986 to 1996, and March 1998 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State


WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 04 TO AUGUST 16, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Mar-4 Apr-13 Jun-2 Jul-14 Aug-16

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water tenroerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaCO3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaCO3 )Sulfate, dissolved (SO4 )Chloride, dissolved (CDSilica, dissolved (SiO2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

5.922.4

0.5 13.0 0.5 14.00.1 4.1 6.6 5.072 104 69 697.4 6.8 7.0 7.011.8 0.3 11.4 10.20.008 0.071 0.019 0.020 0.003

0.056 0.063

0.470.53101.4

___ ___ 33 ___8.52.81.60.834

___ ___ 3 ___0.97.156220140

5.75 5.1.9 29.43 7.

0.5 14.0 0.516.5 9.3 22.768 113 688.0 6.8 8.09.1 0.1 8.0

0.023 0.159 0.0210.003

<0.0100.0040.51

______ _ ______ ______ ___ ______ ___ ___

___ ______ _ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ______ ___ ______

84.655

13.011.01277.20.1

0.185

-__

_________

__________________

5.761.613.0

0.5 8.021.3 17.065 1027.3 6-87.5 0.5

0.024 0.079___

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___ ___ ___

______ ___

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15.012.11447.30.1

0.311

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1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 1999

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1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 1999

100

90

80

70

50

40

30

20

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Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi

OligOtTOphiC

1986 1988 1990 1992

YEAR

1994 1996 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Sissabagama Lake near Stone Lake, Wisconsin.

28

454800091312900 BIG SISSABAGAMA LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR STONE LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°48'00", long 91°31'29", in NE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.6, T.38 N., R.9 W., Sawyer County, Hydrologic Unit 07050001, near StoneLake.

DRAINAGE AREA.--9.47 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled near the deepest part of the North Bay. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by

Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Mar-4

Lake stage (ft) Secchi-depth (m) Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton Depth of sample (m) Water temperature (°C) Specific conductance (nS/cm) pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Phosphorus, total (as P)

Apr-13 Jun-2 Jul-14 Aug-16

_______0.50.7767.514.00.014

5.922.63.280.58.0687.412.00.014

5.751.95.880.516.1687.88.6

0.017

5.842.54.94

0.5 7.523.0 13.869 1298.1 7.28.1 0.1

0.022 0.063

5.761.616.00.521.3657.57.7

0.024

0

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4-13-99 6-02-99 7-14-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER10 15 20 0 10 15 20 10 15 20

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-

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. , 1 1 1

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90

80

70

60

10

40

30

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EXPLANATION

U Total Phosphorus

-G- Clilorophyll a

* Secclii

J F M A M

i i i i , i i | i i i i i i i i i i i

-

Eutrophic

-

--^ "** "~~~~~^~& """"^^^ "®^ Mesotropfiic

Oligotrophic

~

J JASONDJFMAMJ JASOND 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Sissabagama Lake, North Site, near Stone Lake, Wisconsin.

30

434558089260600 BUFFALO LAKE, CENTER SITE, AT PACKWAUKEE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°45'58", long 89°26'06", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.21, T.15 N., R.9 E., Marquette County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, 1.1 minortheast of Packwaukee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--May 1998 to current year. Data collected 1991-94 by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources are available. REMARKS.-Site sampled near center of lake. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Lab

oratory of Hygiene.WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 26 TO AUGUST 19, 1999


Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (iiS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaCO 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaCO 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (SO 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (SiO2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) |ig/L

0 .50 .24486 .611.60.039

May-3

0 .718 . 80. 518 .73718 .513 . 60 . 0690 . 0030 .3990. 0211 .21 . 6306. 919038224 .91 .216618102.2230604 . 6

Jun-16

1.25 . 670.519 . 63678.37 . 2

0 . 110

Jul-15

1 .3 5 .350 .525 .43908 .17 . 1

0. 1260 . 0620 . 0480 . 0010 .560. 61

Aug-19

>1 .3 3 .220 . 5 21.93867 . 55 . 8

0. 079

2-26-99 5-03-99 6-16-99 7-15-99 8-19-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20

on §0.5

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Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

EXPLANATION

Bj Total Phosphorus

O Clllorophyll a

* Secclli

Oligotrophic


YEARSurface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI

data for Buffalo Lake, Center Site, near Packwaukee, Wisconsin.

32

434720089201600 BUFFALO LAKE, EAST END, AT MONTELLO, WI

LOCATlON.-Lat 43°47'20", long 89°20'16", in SE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec. 8, T. 15 N., R. 10 E., Marquette County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, at Montello. PERIOD OF RECORD.~May 1998 to current year. Data collected 1991-94 by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources are available. ^EMARKS.-Site sampled at east end of lake. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Lab

oratory of Hygiene.


Feb-26

Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (nq/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)

May-3 Jul-15 Auq-19

__ ____0 . 50.84336. 913.80.068

0.721.70.517.43508 . 816 .40. 056

0.9400.520.23628 .39 .7

0.155

0.916.90.525.43718.27 . 6

0.136

0.951 . 00.522 . 63848.310.00. 077

2-26-99 5-03-99 6-16-99 7-15-99 8-19-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20

METERS o

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Mesotrophic

EXPLANATION

-B Total Phosphorus

-G- Chloaiphyll a

- « Setdii

Oligotrophic


YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Buffalo Lake, East Site, at Montello, Wisconsin.

34

434414089282400 BUFFALO LAKE, WEST END, NEAR ENDEAVOR, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°44'14", long 89°28'24", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.31, T.15 N., R.9 E., Marquette County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, 1.5 minorth of Endeavor.

PERIOD OF RECORD.~May 1998 to current year. Data collected 1991-94 by Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources are available. REMARKS.-Site sampled near west end of lake. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State



Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)

Feb-26

0.50.94487.612.80.054

May- 30.643.90.518.23988.09.5

0.093

Jun-160.88.860.519.43917.98.30.090

Jul-150.530.70.526.43988.310.00.142

Aug-190.911.00.522.13937.910.00.090

2-26-99 5-03-99 6-16-99 7-15-99 8-19-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 _0 5 10 15 20 .0 5 10 15 20

H, IN METERS i O O in C

gl.5

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- 1.5 -

'0 10 20 30 ' 0 10 20 30 ~""0 10 20 30 ""0 10 20 30 ~'~0 10 20 30


6 7PH, IN STANDARD UNITS

9 10

'350 400 450 500 '350 400 450 500 '350 400 450 500 '350 400 450 500 350 400 450 500 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

35

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90

80

70

60

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Mesotrophic

~

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EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Q Chlorophyll a

* Secchi

~

Oligotrophic

~


YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Buffalo Lake, West Site, near Endeavor, Wisconsin.

36

423706088363400 DELAVAN LAKE NEAR DELAVAN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'27", long 88°36'19", in SW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, atDelavan Lake Sanitary District Lift Station No. 2 at Delavan Lake Yacht Club, 1.0 mi southeast of outlet, and 2.7 mi southeast of Dela-van.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2 , of which 2.3 mi 2 is non-contributing. Area of Delavan Lake, 2,072 acres. PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1983 to current year. October 1983 to September 1985 data published in Water Resources Investigation

series report "Water Quality and Hydrology of Delavan Lake in Southeastern Wisconsin" by S. J. Field and M. D. Duerk (1988).

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 922.92 ft above sea level. Prior to Sept. 5, 1989, staff gage at bridge on North Shore Driveat same datum.

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Lake was ice covered from Dec. 30 to Mar. 21. Lake levels controlled byDelavan Lake Sanitary District. Gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 6.19 ft, Feb. 21, 1994; minimum daily, -4.44 ft, Nov. 6, 1989(lake drawn down for lake rehabilitation program).

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum gage height, 5.77 ft, June 14; minimum, 4.58 ft, Sept. 26.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

OCT NOV DEC FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

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4.964.955.005.015.06

5.125.125.095.045.00

4.964.954.944.934.92

4.924.985.165.175.12

5.064.994.934.934.93

4.944.964.984.974.984.98

5.005.174.92

I

4.974.964.944.924.91

4.914.904.914.915.09

5.175.125.044.974.95

4.954.954.954.944.95

4.954.944.954.964.96

4.974.974.984.995.02

4.975.174.90

1 1

5.035.025.025.015.00

5.015.065.055.045.03

5.025.015.004.994.98

4.984.984.974.974.97

4.984.974.964.954.94

4.944.934.934.944.944.94

4.995.064.93

1

4.92 4.97 4.924.96 4.99 4.935.01 5.04 4.945.01 5.07 4.935.02 5.06 4.94

5.02 5.03 4.965.02 4.99 4.965.02 4.95 4.955.02 4.92 4.975.02 4.93 4.98

5.03 4.97 4.975.03 5.06 4.975.03 5.03 4.965.02 4.99 4.965.00 4.95 4.96

4.97 4.91 4.964.96 4.90 4.974.97 4.84.95 4.8

8 4.986 4.97

4.93 4.86 4.95

4.91 4.87 4.944.97 4.8 8 4.945.07 4.89 4.945.21 4.89 4.945.27 4.89 4.94

5.24 4.89 4.945.19 4.90 4.945.15 4.92 4.945.125.075.02

4.944.944.93

5.04 4.95 4.955.27 5.07 4.984.91 4.8

1

-_ \^^^

-

-

.

-

1983 19

1

84

I

1986

1

1988

6 4.92

1

fMvw

/J

1

1990

4.944.954.964.984.98

4.954.934.945.045.03

5.025.004.984.974.95

4.964.944.924.914.91

4.934.985.345.385.25

5.155.105.145.064.99 -

5.025.384.91

1

^^tj^fj

,1992

4.984.984.984.974.97

5.005.015.005.005.00

5.005.095.115.095.06

5.055.135.195.215.18

5.135.165.135.095.02

4.954.954.964.964.974.97

5.045.214.95

1

KJWV^Vs/wL.

11994

4.995.065.065.055.03

5.035.045.024.995.01

5.115.105.335.745.61

5.415.235.084.994.96

4.944.944.964.974.97

4.974.975.055.035.00 -

5.095.744.94

1

* »*/ »*

4.974.944.954.964.96

4.964.944.924.914.89

4.874.864.854.834.81

4.804.844.874.884.89

4.904.904.924.964.96

4.964.964.944.934.924.92

4.914.974.80

1

*>*NiA>4 sj*

1

1996

4.904.884.864.844.82

4.804.794.794.784.77

4.764.784.794.784.77

4.764.764.754.794.80

4.794.794.814.874.87

4.874.874.874.874.854.84

4.824.904.75

1

1

1998

4.834.824.824.814.80

4.794.784.754.744.71

4.704.704.724.714.70

4.704.694.694.684.68

4.674.664.644.634.62

4.604.664.935.045.00---

4.745.044.60

-

|

-

-

.

~

37

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°35'56", long 88°36'50", in SE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.28, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001,2.6 mi southeast of Delavan..

DRAINAGE AREA.-41.4 mi2 , of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1983 to current year. REMARKS.-Lake ice-covered during February measurements. Water-quality analyses done by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water

Quality Laboratory. Samples for determination of chlorophyll-a concentration are collected from the top 1.5 ft of the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 17, 1998 TO APRIL 13, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Nov-17 Feb-9 Apr-13

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (nq/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cra)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + NOB, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, airuti. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) uq/LFluoride, dissolved

4.43

0.58.15568.110.40.1100.0760.130.1180.80.93-______________-_________________---

III___

95.6.7

16.08.15588.210.00.1100.083________________________._-__________________

______

4.60

0.52.05527.712.10.1400.120.580.1860.71.3_________________________________---

______

92.7.7

15.53.47047.42.2

0.1100.095________________________________________________

______

4.70

0.59.15808.210.90.0650.0370.330.0610.71.05

2.02304232243

18527560.8336

E 2.60.140

98.6.2

15.58.05828.310.20.0730.0350.330.050.81.25

2.42404232253

18627570.8344

E 2.90.149

11-17-98

10

2-09-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER

20 0 10 20

4-13-99

10 20u

C/3OS ,BJ 4HOJ2

Z 8

UJ pa

\f.

1 ' ' ' i

.~

-

-

i i i i 1 i i

.-

-..

-

-

, , I , , , ,"

12

1610 20 30 0 10 20 30

12

1610 20 30


6 7 8 9 10

16400 500 600 700 800 900


6 7 8 9 10

12

16

6 7 8 9 10

12

16

S.C.

400 500 600 700 800 900400 500 600 700 800 900

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS38

423556088365001 DELAVAN LAKE AT CENTER NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI--CONTINUED

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 19 TO JULY 13, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

5-19-99

10

May- 19

0.515.45608.510 .70 .0500.0020.190.011 0 .70 .86

5. 8.0.

7 .015.05628.410.0______0.260 .009

___

21 2.813.011.95788.16.6______0.310.174

___

16.011.05857 . 84.2______0 .260.48

___

0.522.85278.69 .1

0 .0380.0010 .0550.009 0.70.77

Jun-14

5. 3.6.

6.022.45328.58.4______

0 .0680 .042

___

74 .5.413.013.15817.61.1______0.220.236

___

16 .012 .75837.60.6______

0.0930.318

___

0 .524.94898.612.40.051<0 .0010.0110.017 1.11 .1

Jul

4., 1.37

6.024.05008.58.8

0.035<0.001___---

___

-13

85 4.612.014.55907.50.4

0.3100.16___---

___

15.513.16207.30.4

0.4900.4___---

___

6-14-99


20 0 10 20

7-13-99

10 20

12

16

12

1610 20 30 0 10 20 30

12

1610 20 30


10


6 7 8 9 10 9 10

12

16

S.C.

12

16400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900


39


WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 17 TO SEPTEMBER 14, 1999(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Aug-17 Sep-14

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (|ig/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temcerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

0.523 . 25008 . 17 . 8

0 . 0450. 001 <0 .0050 .02O n

O

2 . 023 . 25008 .27 . 7

0. 041---

5 .023 . 15018 . 27 .0

0 . 037---

4 . 1 .18

9 . 022 .95068 . 15 . 8

0 .043<0 . 001

76 5

. 911.018 . 55747 . 40 . 7

0. 150---

13 . 014 .76167 . 40 . 8

0. 440___

14 .013 . 96287 . 30.7

0 . 5400 . 37

15 .513 . 36457 . 30 . 7

0 . 6700 . 58

0 .520 . 25158 .16 .4

0 .055<0 .001 0.019<0 .002

0 0. o

0 . R7

4 . 114

11. 020 .05227 . 83 . 5

0.0570 . 004

71 . 7. 114 . 014 .36327 .10. 1

0 . 6700. 64

15 . 513 . 56537 .00 . 1

0. 8700. 74

8-17-99 9-14-99

Q 12

16


10 20 0

D.O

12

16

10 20

10 20 30 10 20 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

30


12

16

10 10

12

16400 500 600 700 800 900 400 500 600 700 800 900


40

"Z.

OP< OS 0.25

w J2 w °- 20

U cfl

B < 0.15

0 0

1 d o.ioO 5as ^ * 5 d 0.05£ oH

II 1 1 - \ ~

>~

:

: * -r I ^ * ~" * ^P* * * * * " : * *! * * . V * . U .% ^: *' ?% * % *£ f m ':: V %» * %*» *:^^ ^^k

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

AII 1OP| 100os Eii 8°o^u < 60

^§ || 40O 5

3^ 20Xu

I I

300

1 1 1 1 1

f\

*«« v*": ," ' .* * i\*,t\. \ \: i«"i^n

1983 1984 185 1986 1987 1989

u

1

3

4

6

7

8

9

10

_ v .* * ' ' . v -- «A . *, y ^ ,%^" *»; *; .. . ;.%.

! -

1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993

% * "/ " 5.- c 0 *% * * *

i :1994 1995 1996 1997 19

m] "

. ':

-.1-

~

-i^ j

:

98 1999

100

90

80XQ 70sW 60

I »X 4°Q-

§ 30H

20

I I I I II I I I I I I I

EXPLANATION

Total Pliosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi

Mesotrophic

1983 1984 I 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Delavan Lake at Center near Delavan, Wisconsin.

41


ADDITIONAL WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 9, 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 24, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Lake stage (ft)

Secchi-depth (meters) Depth of sample (meters) Water temperature (°C) Phosphorus, total (as P)

Lake stage (ft) Secchi-depth (meters)

Depth of sample (meters) Water temperature (°C) Phosphorus, total (as P)

Lake stage (ft) Secchi-depth (meters) Depth of sample (meters) Water temperature (°C) Phosphorus, total (as P)

2L+5,

2.0.

15,0.

aly 4.1.

0,25,0,

_lfl.17.8.5.5.115

-1

.94

.4

.5

.0

.054

Oct.4.3.

0.14.0.

July 4.1.0.

26.0.

__2_6_.94.1

,5,0.059

_22. ,90.4.5.5.046

Ma;4

4

0160

iLL

41

029

0

y 21

.95

.9

.5

.1

.047

Iv 28 .94

.5

.5

.0

.035

ept . 1 Sent. 7 Sent. 144,1.0,

25,0,

.83

.4

.5

.0

.033

4.1.0.

23.0.

.78

.5

.5,0.035

4.711.70.5

Ju54

0190

AU410

26

0

ne.06.9

.5

.4

1

.043

q,.82.7.5.5

5.

.031

Sent.

20.2

0.055

4.

1.0.

21.0.

24637

5

1

082

42

423659088354401 DELAVAN LAKE, AT NORTH END, NEAR LAKE LAWN, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°36'59", long 88°35'44", in NW 1/4 SW 1/4, sec.22, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001,2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1983 to current year.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO AUGUST 17, 1999

Apr. 13 May 19 June 14 July 13 Aug. 17

Secchi-depth (meters) 7.0 7.6 3.4 1.2 1.8

423526088380101 DELAVAN LAKE, AT SW END, NEAR DELAVAN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°35'26", long 88°38'01", in SE 1/4 NW 1/4, sec.32, T.2 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001,2.6 mi southeast of Delavan.

DRAINAGE AREA.--41.4 mi2, of which 2.3 mi2 is non-contributing. PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1983 to current year.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO AUGUST 17, 1999

Apr. 13 May 19 June 14 July 13 Aug. 17

Secchi-depth (meters) 8.2 7.3 3.0 1.2 1.4

43

05404500 DEVILS LAKE NEAR BARABOO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°25'18", long 89°43'38", in SW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.13, T.ll N., R.6 E., Sauk County, Hydrologic Unit 07070004, in Devils Lake State Park, 3.5 mi south of Baraboo.

DRAINAGE AREA.--4.79 mi2 . Area of Devils Lake, 361 acres.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-June 1922 to August 1930, June to August 1932, June 1934 to September 1981 (fragmentary). October 1981 to Sep tember 1984, data unpublished in district files. October 1984 to current year.

REVISED RECORDS.-WDR WI-78-1: Drainage area.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder installed July 17, 1991. Datum of gage is 955.00 ft, above sea level.

REMARKS. No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Lake has no surface outlet.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.--Maximum gage height observed, 14.13 ft, July 18, 1993; minimum observed, 1.49 ft Feb. 8, 1965.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum recorded gage height, 11.06 ft, June 11 and 13; minimum recorded, 8.76 ft, Jan. 1.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEE MAR APR JUN JUL AUG SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

9.539.509.499.489.51

9.559.539.519.509.48

9.469.449.419.399.37

9.369.399.429.409.37

9.359.339.319.299.28

9.279.289.299.289.279.25

9.409.559.25

9.249.219.199.179.15

9.139.119.109.119.26

9.269.259.249.239.21

9.209.209.199.199.16

* 9.159.149.129.129.10

9.099.099.099.099.09---

9.169.269.09

9.099.089.079.079.06

9.069.059.049.029.01

9.008.998.988.978.95

8.948.938.928.918.89

8.898.878.868.858.84

8.838.828.808.818.808.79

8.949.098.79

8.778.818.858.848.84

8.858.848.848.848.84

8.848.858.868.868.85

8.858.868.878.878.86

8.858.898.908.918.92

8.918.918.908.908.898.89

8.868.928.77

8.888.898.898.888.88

8.878.878.878.878.87

8.949.099.119.139.14

9.159.169.159.159.15

9.149.149.139.139.14

9.149.159.16

______---

9.049.168.87

9.169.169.159.159.15

9.159.159.159.189.18

9.179.179.169.159.15

9.149.159.169.169.16

9.169.169.169.159.15

9.149.149.149.139.139.13

9.159.189.13

9.129.129.289.489.55

9.629.659.689.94

10.07

10.1210.1510.1710.1910.19

10.2010.2010.2010.2010.21

10.2110.3010.5910.6910.73

10.7510.7610.7610.7610.76

10.1210.769.12

10.7510.7410.7310.7210.72

10.7510.8010.8110.8110.80

10.7910.7810.7610.7510.74

10.7410.8910.9410.9510.95

10.9410.9410.9510.9410.92

10.9010.8810.8610.8510.8310.84

10.8310.9510.72

10.8510.8910.8710.8710.87

10.8710.8510.8711.0211.02

11.0311.0411.0411.0210.99

10.9610.9410.9110.8910.86

10.8410.8210.8210.8210.80

10.7710.7510.7210.6910.67

---

10.8811.0410.67

10.6810.6710.6610.6610.64

10.6210.5910.5610.5610.52

10.4910.4710.4410.4110.37

10.3610.3910.3810.4310.43

10.5210.5110.5110.5310.51

10.5010.4810.4510.4310.4110.41

10.5010.6810.36

10.3810.3410.3110.2910.26

10.2310.2310.2110.1910.17

10.1510.1410.1110.0910.06

10.0310.009.99

10.1310.13

10.1210.1010.1110.1410.13

10.1110.1010.0810.0610.0310.00

10.1410.389.99

9.979.959.939.919.88

9.869.839.809.779.74

9.719.699.679.649.61

9.599.579.549.529.50

9.489.459.439.419.39

9.379.459.469.459.42

9.639.979.37

44

425103088261500 EAGLE SPRING LAKE AT EAGLEVILLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42051'03", long 88°26'15", in SE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.36, T.5 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, atEagle ville.

DRAINAGE AREA.-33.2 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1991 to current year. REMARKS.-Lake sampled near southeast end at a lake depth of about 3 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses

done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Lake-stage readings from 1991 to 1993 (except 2/4/93 and 4/19/93) were previouslyreported 1 ft too high.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 19 TO AUGUST 04, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated

Feb-19 Apr-7 Jun-11 Jul-7 Aug-4

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaCO3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaCO3 )Sulfate, dissolved (SO4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (SiO2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) nq/L

9,--

0.55.05467.819.20.01________________________________________________

.57----

2.06.65657.619.20.014

___

______

_____________________

9.>217

0.511.54688.311.50.0120.0030.6690.0170.571.25

1.023046286.51.321212

17.02.0268

56.0.9

1.511.54698.311.30.012_____________________

_____________________

9.562.32.090.526.84577.98.2

0.021

__________________

____________

_________

9.491.52.950.528.64518.29.3

0.017______ ___

_________________________________

___1.73.210.528.04458.19.8

0.038________________________________________________

2-19-99 4-07-99

1.3

6-11-99 7-07-99 8-04-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25

u

6/5 05

LU

i i.ozDC 1-5

Q 2.0

9 <

~ W.T.

-

f D.O.

'7

', , . , 1 , , i , 1 ,

1 " ".

-

:-i-

-_

1 1 1 *

u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

9 <

-

-

-

-

", , , , 1 ,

i i | i i i i | i i i r_

-

:-

-

-

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

0 5 10 15 20 25

10 20 30

u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

7 <

1 i-_

', , , , 1 , , , . 1 , , , ,'

0 5 10 15 20 25u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

i <

" " \ " "

7 1

-

-

L / , , , , i

'i

j

r

' -_

,,,!,,,,"

10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30


0 5 10 15 20 25u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5 (

I i I I .

" 1 ^I \ i', , , , I , , . , I , , , ,") 10 20 3

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS8 9 10 8 9 10

0

S °-5

s L0zDC 1-5

fc

Q 2.0

7 *;

1

-

t-

-

PH-

1 '

-_

--

S.C. -

-

\ :

i

u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

o <

1 '

~-

-

I

i

1

^--

;-

!-

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

7 <

.u ^-

-

,

u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

T <;

1 '

_L

-'-

~

,

1 :

-j

--

I-

'-

~

'-

u

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

9 S

1 '

'-

-

-

~

,

' -

-_

I~

-

-

1

400 500 600 400 500 600 450 550 650 400 500 600 400 500 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

45

0.04

Z b 0.03UJ JO c£ Z g

U co

31 0.02O o

ilI ± 0.01

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

M

O 18P C£<£ 16f- [jw u^ °- 120§*<* ! °

^0 8

£ y 6o 5 4

u 2

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 i i i i i i i i i

- --~

-

\

* .*. « * « :-

:. . * . *. * / :*» -~ * ~1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 | | | 1 [ 1

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80XQ 70 Zg 60 <co 50UEE 40

I 30

20

10

0

EXPLANATION

- Total Phosphoru

-© Clilorophyll a

-« Secchi

Eutrophic

.,, ..Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

YEAR

1996 1997 1998

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Eagle Spring Lake at Eagleville, Wisconsin.

(Triangles indicate maximum depth at sampling site. Actual secchi depth on these days was greater than plotted triangles.)

1999

46

05406050 FISH LAKE NEAR SAUK CITY, WI

LOCATION.«Lat 43°17'27", long 89°39'09" in NE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.3, T.9 N., R.7 E., Dane County, Hydrologic Unit 07070005, on north side of lake, 0.4 mi southwest of Crystal Lake, and 3.1 mi east of Sauk City.

DRAINAGE AREA.--2.23 mi2 . Area of Fish Lake, 252 acres.PERIOD OF RECORD.-November 1966 to September 1981, April 1985 to May 1987, May 1988, April 1989 to October 11,1990 (frag

mentary); continuous record from Oct. 23, 1990 to Nov. 22, 1996; nonrecording gage Nov. 23,1996 to current year.REVISED RECORDS. --WDR WI-92-1: Drainage area. WDRWI-87-1: All published values for the 1987 water year are invalid. Two valid

values for water years 1987 and 1988 are available: May 7, 1987, water surface 10.52 ft, and May 16, 1988, water surface 10.83 ft.GAGE.-Nonrecording gage. Datum of gage is 848.07 ft above sea level. Prior to Oct. 23, 1990, nonrecording gage. Local observer, Richard

Lillie, reads staff gage 2-3 times per week when lake is ice-free.REMARKS.-Lake has no surface outlet.EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 11.96 ft, July 4, 1999; minimum observed, 3.02 ft, Aug. 29,

1970.EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum gage height observed, 11.96 ft, July 4; minimum observed, 11.07 ft, Jan. 7.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1999 DAILY MEAN VALUES

12

10

OCT

12345

67

910

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1111

11

.23

.20

.35

.32

.30______.28

.26___.30___

.28

___.22.22

______

______.26

NOV

11.19

DEC JAN FEB JUL AUG

11.32

11.07

11.22

11.28

11.25

11.84

11.8311.82 11.84

11.83 11.70

11.8911.8711.8511.83

11.91

11.74

11.66

SEP

1111

111111

11

11

11

11

11

---

.46

.51

___ .48.62.62

.65 .65

.65

.64___.63

___

11. 11.

-11.11.

_--

11.-

11.-

11.-

11.

11.11.

_11.

-

82 81--7979

__----84--

83--81 71

7188--90--

11. 11.

-11.11.

11.11.11.11.

-

_-

11.11.

-

11.11.11.11.11.

83 86--8483

82848284--

__--8584--

8280787574

11.95 11.9411.9511.9611.94

___11.9011.8611.86

______

___

___

11.76

11

1111

11

111111

1111

1111

1111

1111

.87

.83

.81

.79___.79.82.80

.79

.79___.77.75

.74

.73

.74

.73

11

11

111111

11

1111

11

111111

___

.64

.62

.61

.58

.56___

.51___

.45

.44

.43

.40

.39

.37

11.8411.8611.85

___

11.9011.9411.9211.90

11.73

11.7511.7411.73

11.8911.89

___

11.8811.87

11.7011.7711.76

___

11.3511.33

---

11.3711.45

1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

47

423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°35'25", long 88°26'04" in SE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.36, T.2 N., R. 17 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Lake Geneva dam at Center Street at Lake Geneva.

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi 2 . Area of Lake Geneva, 5,262 acres.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1997 to September 1999.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 862.08 ft above sea level.

REMARKS.-Estimated daily gage heights: Jan. 10-11, Apr. 9, and May 27, 1998. Recording rain gage and gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT PERlOD.-Water year 1998: Maximum gage height observed, 3.02 ft, June 28; minimum gage height observed, 1.86ft, Jan. 2. Water year 1999: Maximum gage height observed, 3.23 ft, May 17; minimum gage height observed, 1.84 ft, Sept. 27.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

2.402.402.392.402.40

2.382.382.392.412.38

2.372.372.422.392.36

2.352.342.342.332.31

2.302.282.282.292.29

2.282.312.312.302.302.30

2.352.422.28

2.312.302.282.282.27

2.292.302.302.302.29

2.292.272.252.252.27

2.282.272.252.242.23

2.222.242.222.212.22

2.222.222.232.242.26---

2.262.312.21

2.262.262.292.312.30

2.292.282.282.282.31

2.312.312.282.262.26

2.232.212.202.182.17

2.152.142.132.122.14

2.132.102.092.082.072.05

2.212.312.05

2.022.022.032.052.10

2.122.142.162.242.21

2.172.142.152.142.14

2.132.142.132.122.11

2.112.112.122.112.10

2.092.082.082.082.072.06

2.112.242.02

2.062.082.072.062.06

2.052.052.042.032.03

2.062.102.092.072.06

2.052.072.072.062.05

2.042.022.022.032.01

2.012.052.04______

2.052.102.01

2.032.042.052.052.06

2.072.062.082.132.13

2.132.142.142.122.11

2.112.122.182.212.21

2.222.232.242.242.25

2.292.302.322.342.352.44

2.172.442.03

2.492.502.492.492.49

2.492.492.552.592.60

2.602.602.602.622.60

2.672.672.662.652.65

2.682.692.682.672.65

2.672.672.652.652.64

2.612.692.49

2.652.652.642.632.63

2.642.732.792.772.75

2.742.722.762.742.73

2.772.732.712.692.68

2.652.612.602.662.67

2.662.642.682.712.682.70

2.692.792.60

2.672.652.622.602.57

2.562.542.522.522.54

2.572.622.642.622.61

2.612.612.612.662.63

2.632.612.602.592.62

2.752.732.842.842.82---

2.632.842.52

2.772.752.732.742.71

2.712.692.682.662.64

2.632.612.592.582.57

2.532.522.512.512.51

2.552.532.512.482.46

2.442.442.432.402.382.36

2.572.772.36

2.352.342.332.342.36

2.402.412.432.432.42

2.402.382.372.382.37

2.362.362.342.332.33

2.322.322.342.332.36

2.352.352.372.382.362.35

2.362.432.32

2.352.322.302.292.29

2.292.342.312.292.29

2.282.252.252.302.38

2.372.372.372.372.37

2.352.332.322.312.31

2.332.312.302.302.29---

2.322.382.25

48

OCT

423525088260400 GENEVA LAKE AT LAKE GENEVA, WI--CONTINUED


DAILY MEAN VALUES

NOV DEC JAN FEE MAR APR MAY JUN JUL SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

2.272.262.282.272.32

2.382.392.372.372.36

2.362.362.342.322.31

2.322.392.502.472.45

2.432.412.412.402.39

2.392.402.412.402.412.41

2.372.502.26

2.402.362.352.342.34

2.332.322.322.322.58

2.532.472.462.472.46

2.452.442.442.472.42

2.412.432.412.402.40

2.402.392.402.422.45

2.412.582.32

2.462.452.452.442.45

2.472.502.502.492.48

2.482.462.452.452.45

2.432.422.422.412.40

2.432.452.412.422.42

2.412.392.392.392.392.39

2.442.502.39

2.372.382.452.432.43

2.432.442.442.452.45

2.452.452.452.452.45

2.452.482.532.522.51

2.512.582.642.662.66

2.642.632.622.612.592.57

2.512.662.37

2.572.572.572.562.55

2.552.542.542.532.52

2.562.602.582.562.55

2.552.532.522.512.50

2.492.472.452.442.43

2.422.422.42______

2.522.602.42

2.402.402.402.382.37

2.392.382.362.392.39

2.372.352.342.332.32

2.312.332.292.292.30

2.302.302.312.312.31

2.312.322.342.342.352.36

2.342.402.29

2.352.362.362.382.37

2.432.412.402.482.50

2.522.522.522.522.52

2.552.562.572.562.57

2.582.612.772.802.78

2.772.752.782.772.76

2.562.802.35

2.742.732.712.692.70

2.762.772.752.722.70

2.692.762.752.762.76

2.792.922.942.932.92

2.922.993.002.982.96

2.922.892.862.842.822.83

2.823.002.69

2.852.892.862.832.83

2.822.832.792.772.77

2.852.903.043.153.08

3.032.972.922.872.84

2.812.792.772.772.76

2.742.722.772.742.71---

2.853.152.71

2.692.672.692.682.67

2.632.612.592.582.53

2.522.512.512.502.47

2.462.472.482.482.48

2.482.462.502.532.51

2.512.502.502.502.482.48

2.542.692.46

2.442.412.402.372.35

2.332.322.312.302.29

2.282.292.312.282.27

2.272.252.242.292.29

2.292.292.302.362.36

2.362.372.372.352.322.32

2.322.442.24

2.322.312.322.312.31

2.302.282.272.252.22

2.192.192.192.172.14

2.122.122.112.122.10

2.082.072.062.032.02

2.032.042.272.342.34___

2.192.342.02

49

423455088263800 GENEVA LAKE AT GENEVA BAY AT LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°34'55", long 88°26'38", in NE 1/4 NE 1/4, sec.2, T.I N., R.17 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006,0.7 misouthwest of outlet at Lake Geneva.

DRAINAGE AREA.-28.7 mi2 .PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1997 to February 1999 (discontinued). REMARKS.-Lake sampled at a depth of about 15 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin

State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples for determination of chlorophyll-a concentration are collected from the top 1.5 ft of the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 08, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Feb-8

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chloroohvll a, onvtoolankton (uq/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

2.52.

0.51.95058.313.4

<0.0050.0020.0870.0130.420.51

54.631

14.02.15068.413.10.0070.0020.055<0.0130.620.68

02-08-99


0 10 20

10

15

W.T.

D.O.

0 10 20 30



6 7 8 9 100

10

15

S.C.

400 500 600


50

423420088320500 GENEVA LAKE AT WILLIAMS BAY AT WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°34'20", long 88°32'05", in NE 1/4 SW 1/4, sec.6, T. 1 N., R. 17 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wil liams Bay.

DRAINAGE AREA.--28.7 mi2 .PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1997 to February 1999 (discontinued).REMARKS.-Lake sampled at adepth of about 18 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin


WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 08, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Feb-8

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

2.52.

0.51.84778.413.8

<0.0050.0020.053<0.0130.440.49

54.866

16.52.15068.413.40.0050.0020.051<0.0130.220.27

02-08-99


0 10 20u

001 55 10

Q

on

_,,,,,,

W.T.

-

~ D.O.

', , , , 1 , , , , 1

-

-

-

-

:

0 10 20 30



6 7 8 9 10u

1 5H

5 10DCHOH

8 15

on

1 S.C.

- -

:

:

-

-

---

-

400 500 600


51

423402088301400 GENEVA LAKE AT CENTER NEAR LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.~Lat 42°34'02", long 88°30'14", in NE 1/4 NE 1/4, sec.8, T.I N., R.17 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 3.9 misouthwest of outlet at Lake Geneva.

DRAINAGE AREA.-28.7 mi2 .PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1997 to March 1999 (discontinued). REMARKS. Lake sampled at a depth of about 29 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin


WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 13 AND 26, 1998 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Oct-13 Oct-26

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)PH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

0.516.74868.69.2

0.006<0.0020.019<0.0130.710.73

14.016.74868.58.9

0.007<0.0020.01

<0.0130. 640.65

2.34 3.83.2819.09.05187.50.7

0. 006<0.0020.013<0.0130.580.59

24.08.25187.50.6

0.008<0.0020.134<0.0130.470.60

28 .07 .35227 . 50.6

0.0290. 0170.0170.1320.660.68

0.514.34898 .49.4

<0.0050.002<0.010<0.0130 .51___

16.013.94908.49.1

<0.0050.002<0.010<0.0130.51___

2.39 5.22.1819.09.75167.61.9

0 .007<0.0020.021<0.0130.430.45

23 .08.85167.51.2

0.0080.0020.073<0.0130.510.58

28.07.85207.50.6

0.0140.0030.0310.0590.630.66

10-13-98 10-26-5


10 20 ° 10u

t>o 5PiUw 10Sg 15

sc£ 20uQ 25

jn

^_ D.O.

7

~r~~~^'!;;

: /

-, i i , i i

i i i i i _

_ii-

-;

W.T. ;-:---

-_

i i i i i .-

20

10 20 30 ° 10 20 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

30

pi

wSgEfcUQ

u

5

10

15

20

25

in

1

- s.c.-

j-

1

rK

1 '

PH :

-.^

-j

-


10 6 10

r

400 500 600 "400 500 600 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS

52

423402088301400 GENEVA LAKE AT CENTER NEAR LAKE GENEVA, WI-CONTINUED

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 17, 1998 TO MARCH 22, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Nov-17 Dec-16 Mar-22

Lake stage (ft)"ecchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (nq/L)"Jepth of sample (m)

]l 'ater temperature (°C)"necific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)rissolved oxygen (mg/L)"'hosphorus, total (as P)"'hosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)ritrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)ritrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)ritrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)ritrogen, total (as N)

2.445.31.64

0.59.34978.29.4

0.0050.0020.0350.0210.400.44

28.09.14998.29.2

0.0060.0020.0190.0260.520.54

2.437.31.73

0.57.24958.211.30.0140.0030.0630.0190.500.56

28.07.24978.211.00.0140.0030.0310.0150.630.66

2.546.63.40

0.51.75008.413.40.006<0.0020.057<0.0130.480.54

27.02.55028.311.4 0.014 0.003 0.066 <0.0130.180.25

0.52 .55028.313.70.0070.0010.057<0.0130.460.52

2.305.03.38

28.02.65038.413.20.009<0.0020.077<0.0130.400.48

11-17-98 12-16-98 02-08-99 03-22-99

10u

5

10

15

20

25

-

_W.T.

_

-

-

i i i 1 ,

,,,,,_

-_

i

_:D.O. |

-|

^, , i , , . ,-

20

400

10 20 30

U

5

10

15

20

25

in

i j

B.C.

-

-

-

-

1

pH j

^

-_

i

-_

500 600


10 20U

5

10

15

20

25

-

-

-

-

-

"111

' ' '

i 1 i i .

' ' ' ' :

-_

-_

-_

-.

-_

, i , , , ,-

10 20

10 20 30

u

5

10

15

20

25

in

,,,,,.

_

"

/- (

' ' ' :

-.

-.

-_

-.

-.

tiii10 20 30


u

5

10

15

20

25

30 4C

-

-

-

-

-

K) 50

-_

-.

-_

-.

-_

0 60


10 10u

5

10

15

20

25

JO

1

-

-

-

-

-

- |

;-_

i

-_

-_

-_

-

400 500 600

10 20u

5

10

15

20

25

in

-

--

--

1 1 1 1 1 1

,,,!,,..

.

i

i-.

-.

-. 1 , .-

10 20 30

100

5

10

15

20

25

30 40

1 k

-

-

-

~

(0 50C

-_

-

-i

-.

-

60


53

°'025

w 0.020

O e- 0.015U V5

COS

3 <0£ QJ2 2 o.oio

0.005 o o

o

I I I

15

1997 1999

§

11

H o >§£yS s 3^iU

1997 1999

1C/5

hW

13

UJ

25

§6 in

1997 1998 1999

100

90

80 X g 70

uj 60

S 50O=? 40o.oos 30

20

10

EXPLANATION


-O- Chlorophyll a

-* Secclii

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic

1997 1998

YEAR

1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Geneva Lake, Center Site, near Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.


54

423421088272300 GENEVA LAKE AT EAST END NEAR LAKE GENEVA, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°34'21", long 88°27'23", in NE 1/4 SW 1/4, sec.2, T.I N., R.17 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006,1.6 misouthwest of outlet at Lake Geneva.

DRAINAGE AREA.-28.7 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1997 to current year. REMARKS. Lake sampled at a depth of about 23 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin


WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 13 TO NOVEMBER 17, 1998 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Oct-26 Nov-17

Lake stage (ft)fecchi-depth (m)Chloroohvll a, Dhvtoolankton (ua/L)Tepth of sample (m)Vi'ater temoerature (°C)Foecific conductance (uS/cm)]-H (units)rissolved oxygen (mg/L)rhosphorus, total (as P)rhosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)ritrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)ritrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)ritrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)ritrogen, total (as N)

0.516.84868.59.3

<0.005<0.0020.02

<0.0130. 570. 59

15.016.64868.48.9

0.006<0.0020.02

<0.0130.510.53

2.34 4.03 .3717 .012.35167.61.4

0.007<0.0020.02

<0.0130.530.55

19.09.55187.50.6

0.007<0.0020.0170.0310.520.54

21.08.65187 . 51.00.008<0.0020.090.0170.450.54

0.514.34878.49.5

0.0090.0020.014<0.0130.640.65

2.: 5 .I. 1

18.013.34928.38.2

0.0080.0020.013<0. 0130.610.62

39 57520.09.15177.50.8

0. 0100.0020.0510.0130.580.63

23.08.85187.50.6

0.0130.0020.0560.0290.590.65

2 . 5.1.

0.58.94958.310.40.0080.0020.030.0210.450.48

44 .078

23.08.74978.39.9

0.0080.0020.0260.0250.460.49

10-13-98 10-26-98 11-17-98

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423421088272300 GENEVA LAKE AT EAST END NEAR LAKE GENEVA, WI--CONTINUED

WATER-QUALITY DATA, DECEMBER 16, 1998 TO APRIL 13, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Feb-8 Apr-13

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chloroohvll a, Dhytoolankton (ua/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (US/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitroaen, amm. + orq., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ua/LManaanese, dissolved (Mn) ua/L

2 .62 .

0 .56.74968.311.70 .0120 . 0030 .0520 .0230 .610 . 66____________________________________

43.555

22 .06.74978.311.40.0130.0030 .0490.0220.540 . 59____________________________________

2 .52 .

0.51.74998.413 .5

<0 .005<0 .0020 .016<0.0130 .410 .43____________________________________

54.864

20 .52.35128.311.70.0260 .0030.0850 .0140 -250 .34____________________________________

2 .42

0 .53 .15008.313.60 . 0080.0010 .079<0. 0130.390.47---_________________________________

30.9.9

21 . 03 .05008.413.00 . 008<0 . 0020 .072<0 . 0130.50.57____________________________________

2 .61.

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52. 702

21.55.15098.312.20 .008<0.0020 .0770. 0140.490.57_________________________________---

0.5

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WATER-QUALITY DATA, MAY 19 TO JUNE 14, 1999 (Milligrams per liter, unless otherwise indicated)

May-19 Jun-14

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phvtoplankton (ucr/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

0.514.24978.410.8

<0.005<0.0020.0920.0030.560.65

11.012.34998.410.70.005<0.0020.076<0.0130.560.64

2.93 5.00.4316.09.05058.310.80.005<0.0020.0790.0060.50.58

18.08.65058.310.9

<0.005<0.0020.0830.0090.560.64

21.08.65058.310.9

<0.005<0.0020.0810.0140.570.65

0.521.44798.48.6

0.0080.0030.0710.0270.650.72

6.021.24798.48.4

<0.0050.0040.0790.0170.650.73

3.15 4.90.2613.014.14998.49.4

<0.0050.0030-0660.0170.60.67

18.09.85048.28.6

0.0080.0030.0790.0430.550.63

22.09.05068.18.1

<0.0050.0030.0760.0690.580.66

5-19-99 6-14-99


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57


WATER-QUALITY DATA, JULY 13 TO AUGUST 17, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Jul-13 Aug-17

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phvtoDlankton (ua/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

0.524.84878.49.1

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9.023.04928.37.9

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18.010.55088.07.6

<0.0050.0020.0830.0530.530.61

23.09.35137.96.0

0.0110.0030.0660.0980.650.72

0.523.74928.38.6

0.009<0.002<0.0050.0120.45___

11.022.94948.37.5

0.010<0.002<0.005<0.0020.41

2.25 4.61.6515.011.85127.84.9

0.008<0.0020.138<0.0020.460.6

18.010.15147.73.6

0.011<0.0020.184<0.0020.390.57

22.59.55167.62.80.010<0.0020.2250.0060.430.65

7-13-99 8-17-99


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WATER-QUALITY DATA, SEPTEMBER 15, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Sep-15

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chloroohvll a, Dhvtoolankton (ua/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Soecific conductance (us/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

0.520.44908.38.3

0 .008<0 .002<0.0100.0040.43___

12.020.24918.28.1

0.008<0.002<0.0100.0010.48___

2.14 4.60.5616. 010.54977.52 .10.009<0 .0020 .160.0120.540.70

19 .010.14947.51.7

0 .009<0.0020.1640.0270.400.56

22 .010.14977.51.9

0.0090.0020 .1740 .0130 .490.66

9-15-99


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EXPLANATION

B Total Phosphorus

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1997 1998

YEAR

1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Geneva Lake, East End, near Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.

(Circles on the first three plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses. Actual concentrauons for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)

60

423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°33'29", long 88°32'33", in NE 1/4 SE 1/4, sec.12, T.I N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.3mi south of Williams Bay.

DRAINAGE AREA.-28.7 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1997 to current year. REMARKS.--Lake sampled at deep hole at a depth of about 43 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done

by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene. Samples for determination of chlorophyll-a concentration are collected from the top 1.5 ftof the lake.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, OCTOBER 13 AND 26, 1998 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Oct-13 Oct-26

]".<ake stage (ft)fecchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)P'spth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)f-Tecific conductance (nS/cm)~H (units)1" -.ssolved oxygen (mg/L)Tiosphorus, total (as P)3:hosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)"itrogen, N02 + NO3, diss. (as N)"itrogen, aimionia, dissolved (as N)"itrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)"itrogen, total (as N)

0.516.74878.59.4

0.005<0.0020.025<0.0130.570.6

14.016.24918.47.90.007<0.0020.025<0.0130.690.71

2. 4.--

22.08.95157.63.7

<0.005<0.0020.045<0.0130.530.57

341 33.07.25207.51.3

<0.005<0.0020.247<0.0130.480.73

38.06.95257.50.6

0.0430.030.030.2281.61.7

43.06.85297.50.6

0.0610.047<0.0100.271.1

0.514.04918.49.20.009<0.002<0.010<0.0130.44

17.013.74948.38.3

0.013<0.002<0.010<0.0130.54

2.:5.I. 1

30.07.65187.51.2

<0.0050.0020.179<0.0130.660.84

39 59734.07.25227.50.6

0.0140.0110.0120.1020.560.57

38.07.05257.50.6

0.0410.037<0.0100.2380.81

43.06.95277.50.60.0670.066<0.0100.3551.2

10-13-98 10-26-98


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423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI-CONTINUED

WATER-QUALITY DATA, NOVEMBER 17, 1998 TO MARCH 22, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Nov-17 Dec-16 Feb-8 Mar-22

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

0.59.35018.18.5

0.0060.0030.0370.0370.420.46

2.445.51.0440.08.55107.72.6

0.0230.0130.0420.1040.500.54

43.08.05177.50.6

0.0540.020.0060.2030.690.70

2. 62.

0.57.44968.111.20.0140.0030.0610.0120.510.57

43 .292

44.07.44988.110.60.0150.0030.0660.0110.520.59

0.51.04808.413.90.005<0.0020.052<0.0130.360.41

2.62.

10.02.05058.413.40.0050.0020.052<0.0130.280.33

54 .724

30.02.75048.210.70.0070.0020,071<0.0130.310.38

42.03.35497.86.0

0.0250.0190.1540.1130.440.59

2. 43.

0.52.35047.613.80.0070.0020.076<0.0130.420.50

30 .987

43.02.45038.313.10.008<0.0020.077<0.0130.500.58

11-17-S 12-16-98 2-08-99 3-22-99


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423329088323300 GENEVA LAKE AT WEST END NEAR WILLIAMS BAY, WI--CONTINUED

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 13 TO MAY 19, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Apr-13 May-19

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaCO3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaCO3 )Sulfate, dissolved (SO4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) HQ/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

2. 6.1.

0.56.65108.213.40.006<0.0020.0830.0170.450.53

50.42203434172.01853135

0.38272

52 .728

43.05.15098.312.10.010<0.0020.079<0.0130.490.57

50.52203433171.71853135

0.50274

0.513.05008.311.5

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___

_________

7.012.35008.311.00.008<0.0020.081<0.0130.490.57___

_______________

2.93 7.30.5134.06.85078.210.70.006<0.0020.0720.0250.490.56

_______________

______

39.06.65088.19.8

0.008<0.0020.0740.0490.570.64___ _______________

_________

43.06.65108.08.8

0.0110.0020.0620.0850.690.75___ ____________

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04-13-99 05-19-99


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WATER-QUALITY DATA, JUNE 14 TO JULY 13, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Jun-14 Jul-13

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water teirroerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Biochemical oxygen demand (5 day)

0.521.54838.38.9

0.0060.0030.072<0.0130.750.821 C

7.021.34848.38.8

0.0070.0030.0710.0090.560.63

3.4.0.

22.09.25038.29.5

0.0070.0030.0750.0420.560.631 C.

15 .63934.07.25058.18.6

0.0070.0030.0690.0710.700.77

39.07.15078.18.0

<0.0050.0040.0770.110.740.82

43.06.95098.07.1

0.0090.0080.0730.1690.810.881 "7

0.524.64888.39.4

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8.023.84888.39.4

<0.0050.002<0.010<0.0130.32

2. 52.

28.08.15108.07.8

0.0050.0020.0890.0610.430.52

51 .54533.07.45137.86.3

<0.0050.0020.0840.1470.50.58

38.07.15147.85.0

0.0080.0030.0750.20.820.89

42.57.05167.74.1

0.0170.0060.0660.2750.760.83

6-14-99 7-13-99


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WATER-QUALITY DATA, AUGUST 17 TO SEPTEMBER 15, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Aug-17 Sep-15

Lake stage (ft)Sscchi-depth (m)"ilorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)"~=pth of sample (m)'*'ater tenraerature (°C).Toecific conductance (nS/cm)T.H (units)I :.ssolved oxygen (mg/L)"losphorus, total (as P)""losphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Kitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Kitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Kitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Kitrogen, total (as N)

0.523.44938.38.7

0.0090.002<0.0100.0030.49___

10.023.24948.38.3

0.011<0.002<0.0100.0020.47___

2.:4.2.:

17.010.85128.17.4

0.007<0.0020.0780.0210.450.53

25 62433.07.65147.74.4

0.0090.0040.3190.0020.350.67

38.07.35177.51.6

0.0320.0230.3570.0740.510.87

42.57.25207.50.8

0.0570.0440.1430.2770.891.00

0.520.04908.18.2

0.0080.002<0.0100.0090.62___

12.019.94918.18.0

0.0080.0020.010.0060.540.55

2.4.1.

25.09.14907.75.3

0.008<0.0020.2040.0040.520.72

14.64534.07.64927.51.8

0.006<0.0020.3050.0030.490.80

39.07.24987.40.1

0.0590.0460.120.2560.730.85

42.57.24987.40.1

0.0850.072<0.0100.380.94___

8-17-99 9-15-99


0

5 or> & 10WW 15 ^ 20Z<i 25£ 30w Q 35

40

45

10 20 10 20u

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

.11 | i i i i .

4-D.O. -J" S '*""" ^ c: / "i- j/ -j" < ' W.T. 1r --

-E

10 20 30 0 10 20 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

30


10

PH S.C.

10


65

°'°25

0.020

a J

0.015

3 <K a:2 2 o.oio

^ 5 o.oos£o

0

15

1997 1998 1999

O P as

£* 10

1997 1998 1999

13I''

w

§6

1997 1998 1999

100

90

70

60

50

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

= 40

30

20

EXPLANATION

B Total Plwspliorus

-0- Cliloroph>lla

« Secchi

I I I I 1 I 1 L

1997 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Geneva Lake, West End, near Williams Bay, Wisconsin.


66

434928088553601 GREEN LAKE AT COUNTY TRUNK HIGHWAY A NEAR GREEN LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°49'28", long 88°55'36" in NE 1/4 SE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.27, T.16 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, on left bank at downstream side of County Trunk Highway A, 2.3 mi southeast of Green Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA.--103 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1993 to current year.

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 790.00 ft above sea level.

REMARKS.-Estimated daily gage heights: Apr. 3-6. Records good except those for estimated daily gage heights, which are fair. Lake level regulated by dam at outlet at Green Lake. Gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum recorded gage height, 7.03 ft, June 20, 1996; minimum recorded, 5.41 ft, Jan. 17, 1995.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum recorded gage height, 7.00 ft, July 21, 22, and 23; minimum recorded, 5.79 ft, Oct. 5 and Nov. 10.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC APR JUN AUG

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

5.905.885.835.815.82

5.905.915.905.895.89

5.895.895.875.835.82

5.835.855.925.885.85

5.825.825.825.815.81

5.815.845.875.865.895.89

5.865.925.81

5.885.855.835.835.82

5.825.815.815.826.00

6.045.965.965.975.96

5.996.006.016.076.02

6.016.016.036.006.01

6.016.006.016.036.06---

5.956.075.81

6.056.046.056.056.06

6.076.066.066.066.06

6.056.046.046.056.05

6.046.036.036.036.02

6.056.046.016.005.98

5.975.975.965.975.965.96

6.036.075.96

5.945.945.995.985.97

5.975.965.965.965.96

5.975.986.006.006.00

6.016.026.066.066.06

6.066.106.146.186.19

6.196.196.196.196.196.19

6.056.195.94

6.196.206.206.206.19

6.196.196.196.206.20

6.246.316.326.336.34

6.366.366.366.366.35

6.346.336.336.336.34

6.346.376.38______

6.296.386.19

6.376.386.386.376.38

6.376.366.366.386.37

6.376.366.366.366.35

6.366.386.366.366.37

6.376.366.376.366.36

6.366.366.376.376.366.37

6.376.386.35

6.376.386.456.556.65

6.686.636.626.686.68

6.736.776.756.736.71

6.696.676.656.646.62

6.606.626.686.686.67

6.666.646.626.616.60---

6.636.776.37

6.586.566.546.516.52

6.576.616.616.596.56

6.556.546.526.526.51

6.526.636.686.676.66

6.656.656.676.686.65

6.626.626.616.596.556.55

6.596.686.51

6.546.646.666.646.65

6.656.666.626.606.59

6.586.586.576.566.52

6.496.486.466.436.42

6.416.406.426.436.43

6.426.426.436.456.44---

6.526.666.40

6.516.536.566.606.61

6.636.616.586.686.64

6.626.616.586.586.56

6.566.616.626.686.67

6.956.996.996.986.93

6.956.916.866.816.766.75

6.716.996.51

6.696.646.606.606.58

6.556.546.516.486.50

6.496.476.476.446.43

6.436.426.406.426.43

6.436.436.436.436.43

6.436.446.446.426.386.37

6.476.696.37

6.366.356.356.356.33

6.326.306.306.286.25

6.226.226.226.206.18

6.166.156.146.136.13

6.116.106.096.086.06

6.066.076.086.106.11

6.196.366.06

67

05427235 LAKE KOSHKONONG NEAR NEWVILLE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°51'27", long 88°56'27", in NW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.34, T.5 N., R.I3 E., Jefferson County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, 80 ft east of Pottawatomi Trail Bridge at Bingham Point Estates, and 4.5 mi northeast of Newville.

DRAINAGE AREA.--2,560 mi2, at lake outlet. Area of Lake Koshkonong, 16.3 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--July 1987 to current year.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 770.00 ft above sea level.

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records good except those for July 14 to Aug. 3, which are fair. Lake level regulated by dam at Indianford. Gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum recorded gage height, 12.23 ft, Apr. 25, 1993; minimum recorded, 5.40 ft, Dec. 26, 27, 1989.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum recorded gage height, 9.73 ft, Apr. 28; minimum recorded, 5.48 ft, Jan. 5.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC FEE MAR SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

6.286.256.276.276.37

6.456.466.466.456.45

6.436.436.416.356.31

6.286.326.466.476.48

6.476.426.396.346.30

6.256.216.186.126.096.04

6.346.486.04

5.995.935.865.845.80

5.775.745.725.695.80

5.976.016.126.276.36

6.446.496.506.596.60

6.556.536.556.496.46

6.436.396.366.316.33---

6.206.605.69

6.286.286.286.266.24

6.256.246.226.206.20

6.166.146.116.086.07

6.056.035.975.985.95

5.945.875.835.795.76

5.725.685.635.605.565.54

6.006.285.54

5.525.525.535.515.49

5.525.555.615.655.69

5.755.785.825.855.86

5.865.875.895.855.81

5.785.805.865.976.10

6.226.366.496.626.756.85

5.896.855.49

6.937.027.117.207.29

7.357.397.427.437.45

7.507.597.667.717 .77

7.817.857.847.837.78

7.717.647.587.517.46

7.397.337.29______-

7.497.856.93

7.247.197.157.107.06

7.056.976.906.856.77

6.716.666.626.576.53

6.516.566.556.506.48

6.526.486.486.486.45

6.436.416.396.406.376.32

6.677.246.32

6.306.286.296.396.39

6.586.686.806.967.14

7.357.547.707.827.90

7.987.987.977.967.93

7.937.978.348.689.06

9.369.549.679.699.67---

7.809.696.28

9.619.549.449.339.22

9.169.079.018.918.79

8.678.568.438.318.19

8.098.318.538.718.84

8.928.988.978.938.86

8.778.698.608.498.368.24

8.799.618.09

8.138.107.997.897.80

7.737.717.687.647.59

7.557.547.647.868.05

8.248.368.398.388.33

8.268.178.088.037.90

7.767.627.507.367.23

7.888.397.23

7.167.076.996.956.88

6.836.726.606.556.45

6.396.346.296.276.24

6.226.326.396.406.45

6.506.526.716.857.02

7.117.277.377.497.597.72

6.767.726.22

7.807.847.867.897.90

7.907.907.917.877.89

7.857.817.797.727.64

7.567.517.437.377.28

7.167.046.946.886.79

6.716.656.596.516.416.35

7.387.916.35

6.306.246.186.116.05

5.975.895.946.006.03

6.076.136.186.226.23

6.216.176.136.126.12

6.076.056.096.106.11

6.126.266.386.416.39

6.146.415.89

68

455446089370300 LITTLE ARBOR VITAE LAKE NEAR WOODRUFF, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 45°54'46" long 89°37'03", in SW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.28, T.40 N., R.7 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001,4 mi north east of Woodruff.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1991 to current year.

GAGE.-Staff gage read by Glyn A. Roberts.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 8.02 ft, May 7, 1999; minimum observed, 7.72 ft, Feb. 28, June 12, 1991, Oct. 13, 1994, Sept.. 1-30, and Oct. 4, 1998.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum gage height observed, 8.02 ft, May 7; minimum observed, 7.72 ft, Oct. 4.


DAILY MEAN VALUES


1 7.78 7.82 --- --- -2 _-- --- 7.863 ___ ___ ___ 7.84 7.784 7.72 --- 7.88 ---5 7.82 --- 7.84 --- -

7.88 7.80 - 7.84 7.82 --- 8.02 7.86 -

7.78

7.80 7.84 7.90 7.80

7.90 7.80 --- ___ 7.84 7.84 7.80 --- -

7.94 7.82 --- --- 7.76

--- 7.80 7.86 7.80 ___ 7.88 --- 7.82 --- ---___ 7.80 --- ---

7.82 --- 7.86 7.82 --- ---7.76

7.80 7.86 --- 7.80 7.80 ---

7.80 --- 7.88 7.78 ---7.82 ---

7.82 --- --- 7.80 7.82 7.90 --- 7.74 -- 7.82 --- --- --- --- 7.80 ---

67

910

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

---

___7.74

___

___

7.76

_________

7.78---

_________

7.76

___7.82_________

7.88

7.80 7.82--- --- ---

7.767.78 7.82

___ ___ ______ ___ ______ ___ ___

7.80 --- ---

7.84 7.80 ___ ___ ______ ___ ___

7.82

___ ___ ___7.84

___ ___ ___7.80

7.82

___ ___ ___ 7.86___ ___ ______ ___ ___

7.80 7.82 7.88

69

432255088134700 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°22'55", long 88°13'47", in NW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.33, T.ll N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, 2.6mi southwest of West Bend.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1997 to current year. REMARKS.-Lake sampled at center of northern basin at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done

by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chloroohvll a, phvtoplankton (uct/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (US/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)

8.

-.0.53.05077.815.30.011____________

19

-_7.03.65517.79.0

0.046____________

8. 2.7.

0.510.95018.412.40.024____________

48.071

7.57.95107.88.0

0.023____________

8.4.1.

0.521.14828.07.6

0.014____________

70 .349

7.513.65197.40.5

0.101____________

9.: 2.3.

0.525.64508.48.6

0.0160.004<0.0100.0080.6

23 787

8.014.15217.30.0

0.105____________

0.522.54718.69.3

0.040---_________

8.25 1.143.06.017.25347.20.0

0.194---

---

7.515.35517.20.0

0.361---______---

2-10-99 4-29-99 6-17-99 7-22-99 8-18-99


0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20

Z 4

1

0 0

0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30



6 7u

onBi -,pa 2

Z 4

I

g

8

1

- PH

-

-

1 '

s.c.-

_

\

\

9 10 670

10 7 8 9 10 670

10

400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600 400 450 500 550 600


70

INCENTRATION,

'ER LITERi O C

' P c

1 K u

V) S3 <g | 0.02

^ § 0.01

H

H o

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

j

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JFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJ JASOND1997 1998 1999

50

§P <£II 40

20

O5

JFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJ JASOND 1997 1998 1999

uu

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100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

JFMAMJ JASOND 1997

JFMAMJ JASOND 1998

J FMAMJ J ASOND 1999

EXPLANATION

-B- Total Phosphorus

-© Chlorophyll a

-* Secclii

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic


YEARSurface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, North Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

71

432249088134500 LITTLE CEDAR LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR WEST BEND, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°22'49", long 88°13'45", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.33, T.ll N., R.19 E., Washington County, Hydrologic Unit 04040003, 2.8 mi southwest of West Bend.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1997 to current year.REMARKS.--Lake sampled in southern basin at deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wis

consin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temnerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC03 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) uq/L

Feb-10

8_-

0.52.44357.915.20.009___________________________________________________

.19_---

15.53.65277.67.8

0.125___________________________________________________

Apr-29

8.44.

0.510.84988.211.80.0170.0030.0710.0730.670.74106.62103431181.718520410.3286

48.571

16.08.35048.09.0

0.038___________________________________________________

Jun-17

8.704.11.82

0.5 17.021.9 8.5464 5148.2 7.49.2 0.6

0.011 0.168___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _-____ ______ ______ _--___ ______ -_-___ _--___ ______ ______ ___--- ---___ -_-

Jul-22

9.41.

0.525.54528.28.5

0.0100.0050.012<0.0130.520.53___---___---__________________---___

23.192

17.08.65107.50.0

0.251__________________---------__________________---

0.522.74688.28.7

0.019_______________---------------

____________------

Aug-18

8.251.69.008.014.05087.40.0

0.026___

______

---------------___---___---______---

16.08.85327.40.0

0.249______---______------------------------------------

9.4

2-10-99 4-29-99 6-17-99 7-22-99 8-18-99

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400 450 500 550 400 450 500 550

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1997JFMAMJ JASOND

1998JFMAMJ JASOND

1999

EXPLANATION

f Total Pliosplwrus

-©- Clllorophyll a

« Secchi

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic


YEARSurface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths,

and TSI data for Little Cedar Lake, South Site, near West Bend, Wisconsin.

73

434412088590700 LITTLE GREEN LAKE, AT CENTER, NEAR MARKESAN, WI

LOCATION-Lat 43°44'12", long 88°59'07", in SW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.29, T.15 N., R.13 E., Green Lake County, Hydrologic Unit 04030201, 2 mi north of Markesan.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1991 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin

State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 23 TO JUNE 16, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Apr-2 3 Aug-19

Lake s tage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorochvll a, ohytoolankton (uq/L)Depth o£ sample (m)Water temoerature (°CISpecific conductance (iiS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxyqen (mq/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + NOB, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitroqen, amm. + orq., total (as N)Nitroqen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Maqnesium, dissolved (Mq)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (CDSilica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) uq/LManqanese, dissolved (Mn) uq/L

5 .

0 . 51 . 53207 . 319.40.026

_ _ _

___

80

7 . 54 . 44237 . 30 . 9

0.283

_ _ _

___

6 . 1 .9 .

0 . 510.93248 . 312 . 00.0450.003<0 . 010<0 . 013

1

07 164

7 . 510.63278 . 411 . 30.051

_ _ _

_ _ ____

6 . 1 .32

0 . 520.92849 . 18 . 1

0.081_ _ -_ _ -

__-

36 . 3

. 57 . 016 . 13268 .20 . 6

0.276_ - _

- _ ___-

6 . ' 0 .89

0 . 525.52839 . 19 . 6

0.2010.069<0 . 0100.029

2

14 3

. 87 . 518.03667 . 70 . 0

0.759

_ _ __ _ __._

0 .522.22718 . 96 . 8

0.411

_ _ __ _ _-__

6. 66 0 . 390 . 04 . 022 .22749 .06 .7

0.396

_ - -_ - ____

7 . 522.02739 . 05 . 6

0.402- _ _

_ _ _---

10 5 . 3 1402420 7 . 3 3 . 1 132 7 . 617 0 . 4 186 <10 1 .4

2-23-99 4-28-99 6-16-99 7-15-99 8-18-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20

0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30


Z 4

af

10

S.C.

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 6 7 8 9 10 9 10

200 300 400 500 200 300 400 500 200 300 400 500 200 300 400 500 200 300 400 500


74

*yT l/.*O

oH 0.40<05

1 1 °' 35

1 g °-30o &<^ £2 0.25s<n n °-20M M

§5 d 0.15o s£ S o.ioH 0.05OH

0

L j

-i.

_ :

t * * i[ * * * ^r * ... - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |-

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

O

Siev. r~

§!

,,,,,, ,,

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

S 2 Z

l M 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1

....... ......

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80 X§ 70Ztf 60<H 50

40

30

20

10

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi

Oligotrophic

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

YEAR

1996 1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little Green Lake near Markesan, Wisconsin.

75

425425088083500 LITTLE MUSKEGO LAKE AT MUSKEGO, WILOCATION.--Lat 42°54'25", long 88°08'35", in SE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.9, T.5 N., R.20 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at

Muskego.DRAINAGE AREA.--11.6 mi2 . PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1986 to current year. LAKE-STAGE GAGE.-Datum of gage is 693.40 ft above sea level. REMARKS.-Lake sampled at the deep hole about 1,000 ft north-northwest of dam at outlet. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. An

aeration system was operated from April to November for the years 1987-91. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratoryof Hygiene. Prior to October 1987, published under station number 425450088083500.


Lake s tage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phvtoplankton (nq/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (CDSilica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) (ig / LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ng/L

Feb-11

97.90

_ _ _0 . 53 . 77227 . 813 . 60.018_ _ _

_ _ _

_ _ __ _ _

_ _ _

_ _ _

__ _

_ _ _

_ _ _

20.02 . 88807 .48 . 0

0. 173

- _ _

- _ __ _ __ _ _

_ _ __ _ _

_ _ _

_ _ _- _ _

_ _ _

Apr-8

97.701 . 119 . 6

0 . 59 . 88048 .211. 30.028<0 . 0020.3790.0220.711 . 1102 . 62605133582 . 4197451200 . 04458

19 . 55 . 88158 . 09 . 6

0.031_ _ __ _ _

_ _ -

_ _ __ _ _

_ _ _

_ _ _

_ _ __ _ _

_ _ ____

Jun-8

98.903 . 14.68

0.5 20.08.8 8.8820 8207.6 7.60.5 0.5

0.017 0 . 140_ _ _ - - __ _ _ - - -_ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ -_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ - - -_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ - --_ _ -_ _ __ _ __ _ _-- - -- -

2-11-99

10 15 20

4-08-99


W.T.

D.O.

10 20 30

10 15 20

0 10 20 30



6-08-99

10 15 20

10 20 30

10u2

1 6

1 8

g 10

P« 14Q 16

18

20 6

-

-

,

- pH

-

* J

\

\ s.c.~

\ -

\ -\-

1 '

30 700 800 9C

10u

2

4

6

10

12

14

16

18Oft

' ' 1-

-

-

-

-

-

- ,1

i-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

600 700 800 900

10

600 700 800 900


76

425425088083500 LITTLE MUSKEGO LAKE AT MUSKEGO, WI


Jul-6 Aug-5

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)

98,0.13

0.526.96178.49.2

0.022

.80

.9.8

17.59.18237.50.4

0.129

0.526.16508.27.4

0.031

4.024.46578.13.6

0.027

98.601.18.007.015.37647.40.1

0.019

18.09.18017.40.0

0.233

20.09.08057.30.0

0.277

0

2

co 4

u 6

§ 10

| 12

H 14

18

20

7-06-99 8-05-99


10 15 20

10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

(0

2

4

6

10

12

14

16

18

20 (

) 5 10 15 2(

-^^J , -

V ''"' ~----

) 10 20 3


10

600 700 800 900

10

600 700 800 900

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE (S.C.), IN MICROSIEMENS PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELCIUS

77

- U.10

0E o- 14lo,a -J

gg 0.10U c/j

S < 0.08as a:0 0£ J 0.06

§ | 0.04

< 0.02

H o

IIMMIIIII minimi iiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiu iiniiiiiii IIIIIMMII iiiimini IIIIIIIIIM IIMIIIIIII IIHIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIH MIIIIIIIII IIMIIIIIII IIIIIHIIII~

u- -

i :- -_ ^

: ...*.. A »* ;/ * . . :A * * ** * *:". % ' X * ** V * - v *'

IIIIIIIIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 LL

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

80

20 V

% *-*. >

pmuAI 1990 I

. l.. .*. ,...,1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Z 2I

Q 3

U U

Aw V

**TTrnrTTmirrmpinnm

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80XQ 70 Zw 60

£ 5°u= 40sLi 30p-

20

EXPLANATION

-H Total Phosphorus

-6- Chlorophyll a

-* Secchi

1986 1987

Eutrophic

OligotrophicMesotrophic

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little Muskego Lake at Muskego, Wisconsin.

78

05390700 LITTLE ST. GERMAIN LAKE NEAR EAGLE RIVER, WI

LOCATION-Lat 45°53 1 55", long 89°27'10", in SW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.35, T.40 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001,9.6 mi west of Eagle River.


PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1990 to current year.

GAGE.-Staff gage mounted on the dam wall at lake outlet. Datum of gage is 1,600 ft, above sea level.

REMARKS.-Lake level regulated by dam at outlet.

COOPERATION.-Gage readings furnished by Wisconsin Valley Improvement Company.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 14.00 ft, June 6,1997; minimum observed, 12.00 ft, Jan. 3 and Feb. 3, 1992.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum gage height observed, 13.88, July 9; minimum observed, 12.02 ft, Feb. 9.

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1999.

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

OCT

13.0613.0413.0613.0613.04

13.0813.1013.1213.1213.14

13.1413.1613.1613.1613.18

13.1813.2013.2213.2613.24

13.2413.2213.2213.2013.18

13.1813.1413.1013.0813.0613.02

13.1413.2613.02

NOV

13.0012.9412.9412.9412.92

12.9012.88

12.98

12.86

12.94

12.84

12.82

12.80

12.70

DEC JAN

12.6212.26

12.58 12.2412.22

12.48 12.22

12.4012.18

12.30 12.14

DAILY MEAN VALUE

FEB MAR APR

12.20

12.14

12.10

12.14

12.10

12.12

12.30 12.14

12.10

12.10

12.02

12.18

12.28

12.4012.36

12.32

12.38

12.40

12.28 12.40

12.32 12.45

12.4812.46

12.34 12.4812.4612.46

12.4812.4812.4812.5012.5012.52

12.5212.5612.5812.6212.66

12.7412.7612.7612.8012.80

12.8012.8012.8012.8212.84

12.8612.8812.8612.8612.86

12.8812.9012.9012.8612.86

12.8612.8612.8612.8412.84

12.7912.9012.52

MAY

12.8412.8412.8212.8212.80

12.9812.9813.1613.3413.38

13.4013.4013.3813.3813.36

13.3613.4413.5613.5613.56

13.6813.7213.8213.8013.78

13.7013.7413.7413.7613.7413.72

13.4113.8212.80

JUN

13.7613.7613.7413.7213,72

13.8613.8213.8013.7813.78

13.7613.7813.7213.7213.70

13.6813.6613.6413.6213.62

13.6213.6013.6213.6213.60

13.6013.6013.6013.5813.56

13.6913.8613.56

JUL

13.5613.5613.5613.6413.64

13.7013.6813.6613.8813.84

13.8013.7813.7413.7213.70

13.6813.7013.7013.7013.68

13.7013.6813.7013.7013.68

13.7613.7613.7413.7613.7613.84

13.7113.8813.56

AUG

13.7813.7413.7213.7213.72

13.7213.7013.7013.6813.70

13.6813.6813.8013.8013.78

13.7613.7413.7013.7213.72

13.7213.7213.7213.7213.72

13.7213.7213.7013.6813.6613.64

13.7213.8013.64

SEP

13.6413.6213.6013.6013.62

13.6013.6013.6213.6013.58

13.6013.6213.6213.6013.60

13.6013.5813.5813.5813.62

13.6013.6013.6013.5813.58

13.5413.5613.5813.5813.56

13.6013.6413.54

05390700 DAILY MEAN WATER LEVEL VALUES

13

12

1990 1991

II I I I I I I I I I 11

1992 1993 1994 1995

I I I I M I I I I I I I I I

1996 1997

I I I I 11 I I I I I 11 I I

1998 1999

79

455545089262500 LITTLE ST. GERMAIN LAKE, NORTHEAST BAY, NEAR ST. GERMAIN, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 45°55'45", long 89°26'25", in SW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.24, T.40 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, near St. Germain.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1991 to August 1994, August 1996 to August 1997, March to October 1999.

REMARKS.-Lake sampled in northeast bay at a lake depth of about 4 m. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, MARCH 18 TO OCTOBER 06, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Mar-18 May-13 Jun-15 Jul-22 Oct-06

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

__----

0.50.3987.37.2

0.054____________---

_--

2.53.6936.70.8

0.034_______________

13.381.74.10.514.7747.49.5

0.030_______________

13.701.48.890.520.3757.27.6

0.029_______________

13.0.31

0.525.4799.312.50.0330.0030.1540.0621.11.3

688.1

3.023.6728.38.4

0.039_______-_______

13.1.15

0.510.67.979.010.20.060_______________

506.0

3.39.87.779.08.9

0.052_______________

0

g 2

i

3-18-99 5-13-99 6-15-99 7-22-99


10-06-99

0 5 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25

D.OW.T._

0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30


10 20 30


6789 10 6789 10 6789 10 6789 10 6789 10u

IN METERS to

pj -5

Q

A

P

-

1 1 I

7s.c.

i i

-

-

, 1 1 1 1

0 25 50 75 100 125 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 25 50 75 100 125


80

z ai °oH

£ w 0.08IsZ £5O & 0.06U &o

P <

2 2 o.04

§ 0.02

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

40

20

10qs

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

2S 2

§id , Q 3

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Clllorophyll a

Secchi

Oligotrophic

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

YEAR

1996 1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little St. Germain Lake, NE Bay, at St. Germain, Wisconsin.

81

455437089270800 LITTLE ST. GERMAIN LAKE, SOUTH BAY, NEAR ST. GERMAIN, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 45°54'37", long 89°27'08", in NW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.35, T.40 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, 1.7 mi east of St. Germain.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1991 to August 1994, August 1996 to August 1997, March to October 1999.

REMARKS.-Lake sampled in south bay at a lake depth of about 7 m. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Mar-18 May-13 Jun-15 Jul-22 Oct-06

Lake stage (ft) 13.38 13.70Secchi-depth (m) --- 2.1 2.5Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (uq/L) 4.99 9.30

13.68 13.502.4 2.87.26 5.00

Depth of sample (m) 0.5 5.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 5.5 0.5 5.8Water temoerature (°C) 0.4 5.0 14.5 20.0 25.7 19.2 11.1 10.5Specific conductance (nS/cm) 99 149 77 73 71 72 79 78pH (units) 6.6 6.9 7.9 8.0 £ .7 6.7 8.1 8.0Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 1.8 0.5 10.4 8.8 9.7 5.5 10.5 9.8Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.029 0.045 0.027 0.028 0.Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P) - - - 0.Nitrogen, N02 + N03 , diss. (as N) --- --- --- --- 0Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N) --- - --- 0.Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N) --- - --- --- 0Nitrogen, total (as N) --- - 0

021 0.092 0.022 0.026002 029 012.57.60

3-18-99 5-13-99 6-15-99 7-22-99 10-06-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 2(

l&Is 2S 3ZI" 4

ffl 5Q

6

%

-

-

, , , , 1 , , , , 1 , , , ,

u

1

2

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, , , , 1 , , , , 1 , , , L

U

1

2

3

4

5

6

\J~

, . . , 1 , L7 , , , 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10


PH, IN STANDARD UNITS6 7 8 9 10 ^6 7 8 9 10 _6 7 8 9 10 _6 7

c/- ' 06£2fflS 3Zx" 4

u3 5Q

6

7

S.C.- pH

-

- -

_ _

- \ " - ,:i i

u

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

-

-

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/

/

~

1 i

u

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

~

-

J

- /

~ 1

J

1 1

u

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

-

..!,,,,

\j

2

3

4

5

6

T

i i i i 1 i i i i 1 i i i i 1 i i i i

-

-

- -

-

- -

, , , , | , , , , | , , . ,

20 30 0 10 20 3

8 9 10 67891

\AU

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

- N - ! ~

!- -

1Itil

^ -i i

50 100 150 50 100 150 50 100 150 50 100 150 50 100 150


82

U co£5 s ^ <gg3

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

40z"OP OH<e£^ 30

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

S 2

a 3

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Eutrophic

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi

OligotrophicMesotrophic

11 i i i i i i i i i1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

YEAR

1996 1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little St. Germain Lake, South Bay, at St. Germain, Wisconsin.

83

455428089282400 LITTLE ST. GERMAIN LAKE, WEST BAY, AT ST. GERMAIN, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 45°54'28", long 89°28'24", in SW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.34, T.40 N., R.8 E., Vilas County, Hydrologic Unit 07070001, at St. Germain.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1991 to August 1994, August 1996 to August 1997, March to October 1999.

REMARKS.-Lake sampled in west bay at a lake depth of about 18 m. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Mar-18

Lake stage <ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (nq/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)

May-13 Jun-15 Jul-22 Oct-06

0.50.4877.112.80.013

___

13.03.6806.50.9

0.019

13.383.42.01

0.5 15.513.9 5.674 767.7 6.510.5 4.50.015 0.044

13.702.84.30

0.5 15.020.0 6.073 838.1 6.49.2 0.1

0.015 0.030

13.682.92.84

0.5 15.525.3 6.371 997.8 6.78.7 0.1

0.009 0.145

13.503.45.00

0.5 15.512.3 6.976 1257.4 7.08.5 0.10.014 0.322

s 5 8I 10g!2

14

16

3-18-99

10 15 20

5-13-99 6-15-99 7-22-99 10-06-99

10 20 30

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER10 15 20 10 15 20

10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20


30

10 15 20u

2

4

6

10

12

14

if.

i i 1 1 1 1 1

-

-

u

^/-

-

i i'i 1

,,,,,. 1 ,,.,

-

-

-

-

-

-

i i i 1 i i i i10 20 30

0005ewzsaQ

u

2

6

8

10

12

14

ifi

'. ' , '

/f f

/ ' s.c.1

" f :'" /

_ /

) P^-i i

10

50 100 150

10

50 100 150


U

2

4

6

10

12

14

\f.

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 '-

'

/

1

-

-

i i50 100 150 0 50

10

100 150 0 50


10

100 150

84

0.10

£ I 0.08 -

U OSz wO & 0.06 -U co co 2

9 2 0.04K H&5 ri |S

0.02

**

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

zop*

IIi i A i

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

52

§3

§

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

YEAR

1996 1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Little St. Germain Lake, West Bay, at St. Germain, Wisconsin.

85

04074651 LITTLE SAND LAKE NEAR MOLE LAKE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat45°28'26" long 88°54'41" (revised), in SW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.31, T.35 N., R.13 E., Forest County, Hydrologic Unit 04030202, on left bank 1 mi upstream of outlet, 3 mi southeast of Mole Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-May 1996 to current year.

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 1,587.32 ft above sea level.

REMARKS.--Recorder removed during period of ice, Nov. 20,1998 to Apr. 28, 1999. Gage heights are obtained from reference point during this period.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 5.97 ft, May 25, 1997; minimum observed, 3.78 ft, Nov. 7-9, 1999.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.- Maximum gage height observed, 5.01 ft, July 23, 24, 26; minimum observed, 3.78 ft, Nov. 7-9.


DAILY MEAN VALUES


1 3.88 3.81 4.13 4.25 4.63 4.87 4.622 3.87 3.80 4.11 4.21 4.61 4.86 4.613 3.86 3.80 --- --- 4.10 4.20 4.63 4.85 4.594 3.85 3.80 --- --- --- --- 4.10 4.21 4.63 4.81 4.565 3.84 3.80 --- --- --- 4.10 4.21 4.62 4.81 4.55

6 3.86 3.79 --- 4.15 4.39 4.60 4.79 4.537 3.86 3.78 --- 4.29 4.43 4.58 4.78 4.508 3.86 3.78 --- --- 4.32 4.46 4.64 4.76 4.459 3.85 3.78 --- --- 4.30 4.60 4.81 4.74 4.46

10 3.85 3.85 4.32 4.68 4.84 4.74 4.42

11 3.85 3.87 --- --- 4.30 4.69 4.84 4.73 4.4312 3.84 3.85 --- --- --- 4.29 4.71 4.83 4.73 4.4513 3.83 3.85 4.25 4.68 4.83 4.84 4.4214 3.82 3.84 4.27 4.23 4.67 4.84 4.83 4.4015 3.81 3.85 --- --- --- 4.21 4.68 4.82 4.83 4.39

16 3.81 3.85 --- --- 4.22 4.68 4.86 4.85 4.3917 3.82 3.85 --- 4.27 4.66 4.93 4.83 4.3918 3.87 3.87 --- 4.31 4.64 4.94 4.83 4.3619 3.85 3.92 4.25 4.62 4.95 4.82 4.3920 3.84 3.92 --- 4.26 4.62 4.96 4.80 4.41

21 3.83 --- --- 4.28 4.60 4.97 4.79 4.3722 3.82 --- 4.27 4.59 4.99 4.78 4.3523 3.81 4.31 4.61 5.01 4.77 4.3324 3.81 --- --- 4.32 4.63 5.01 4.74 4.3225 3.80 --- --- 4.31 4.59 4.96 4.73 4.31

26 3.80 --- 4.27 4.58 5.01 4.75 4.3127 3.80 --- --- --- 4.26 4.58 4.98 4.73 4.3328 3.79 --- 4.26 4.59 4.94 4.70 4.3429 3.79 --- --- 4.12 4.25 4.63 4.92 4.67 4.3230 3.80 --- --- --- 4.12 4.24 4.61 4.89 4.65 4.3131 3.80 --- 4.23 4.91 4.62

MEAN 3.83 --- --- --- 4.24 4.54 4.84 4.78 4.42MAX 3.88 4.32 4.71 5.01 4.87 4.62MIN 3.79 --- --- --- 4.10 4.20 4.58 4.62 4.31

05428000 LAKE MENDOTA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'42", long 89°22'12", in SE 1/4 sec. 12, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in city boat house at dam at outlet, in Madison.

DRAINAGE AREA.--233 mi2 . Area of Lake Mendota, 15.2 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.-December 1902 to May 1903, January 1916 to current year (incomplete).

REVISED RECORDS.--WDR WI-73-1: Drainage area.

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, at datum 7.82 ft higher; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site.

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records are good. Lake level regulated by concrete dam with two 12-foot gates and 20-foot lock at outlet. Gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 12.20 ft, July 14-15, 1993; minimum observed, 8.02 ft, Feb. 24 to Mar. 10, 1920, current datum.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum recorded gage height, 10.83 ft, May 18; minimum recorded, 9.10 ft, Mar. 2.


DAILY MEAN VALUES


12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

10.1410.1210.1410.1410.20

10.3110.3310.3010.2710.25

10.2210.2010.1610.1110.07

10.0410.0610.1410.1110.08

10.0410.009.979.949.91

9.899.889.889.849.829.78

10.0810.339.78

9.739.689.629.579.52

9.479.429.389.349.47

9.519.519.519.539.52

9.529.519.509.529.50

9.469.459.479.459.44

9.449.439.439.439.46

9.499.739.34

9.439.449.449.449.44

9.469.459.449.439.43

9.419.409.409.399.38

9.399.389.379.389.37

9.399.369.349.349.32

9.329.329.319.329.309.29

9.389.469.29

9.299.339.369.379.37

9.379.379.389.399.39

9.419.419.439.439.44

9.449.469.499.499.48

9.479.529.569.599.60

9.589.569.549.529.509.48

9.459.609.29

9.459.449.449.439.43

9.429.409.389.379.36

9.399.479.489.479.46

9.449.439.419.399.36

9.339.309.289.269.24

9.219.209.18

______

9.379.489.18

9.169.159.169.179.19

9.219.229.239.289.29

9.309.319.339.349.35

9.369.389.409.429.43

9.469.469.479.489.49

9.499.489.479.479.459.42

9.359.499.15

9.439.439.469.559.56

9.619.609.619.779.82

9.859.879.879.879.86

9.869.859.839.839.82

9.839.96

10.2710.4110.47

10.5010.5110.5410.5310.53 -

9.9310.549.43

10.5210.5110.4910.4810.48

10.5610.5910.6110.6010.59

10.5710.5610.5310.4810.43

10.4010.6210.6710.6410.60

10.5610-5510.5510.5410.50

10.4410.4110.3810.3510.3110.28

10.5110.6710.28

10.2610.3110.2810.2710.28

10.3010.3810.4010.4210.43

10.4510.4610.5110.5310.49

10.4810.4510.4410.4110.40

10.3810.3710.3910.4210.41

10.3810.3710.3810.3910.35

---

10.3910.5310.26

10.4110.4010.3910.4010.40

10.4110.3810.3410.3510.31

10.2810.2610.2310.1910.17

10.1610.2610.2810.2910.31

10.3810.3910.3810.3810.36

10.3910.3810.3610.3510.3310.38

10.3310.4110.16

10.3710.3310.3010.2910.26

10.2310.2310.2310.2010.22

10.2010.1910.2010.1610.13

10.1110.1110.0910.0910.08

10.0710.0510.0610.1210.11

10.1010.1010.0910.0610.0210.00

10.1510.3710.00

9.999.979.969.949.94

9.929.899.889.859.81

9.789.779.769.749.72

9.709.699.679.679.66

9.649.639.629.629.61

9.609.669.729.759.74

9.769.999.60

87

424621088335500 MIDDLE LAKE AT LAUDERDALE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°46'21", long 88°33'55", in SE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.26, T.4 N., R.16 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Lauderdale. PERIOD OF RECORD.-November 1993 to November 1994, and February to August 1999.REMARKS.-Lake sampled near east end of lake at lake depth of about 52 ft. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses

done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC03 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ug/L

_-

0.55.04318.116.10.006___________________________________________________

__--

13.53.76187.69.1

0.008____________________________________

_________-__

S0.

0.511.05358.110.80.006<0.0021.110.2440.71.85

0.525047337.61.921735223.8298

1.8330

14.09.05398.19.9

0.009__________________

______________________________

14.

0.524.04468.38.9

0.010_________________________________

_______________

.913

14.09.54907.82.5

0.016___________________________________________________

24.

0.525.44658.08.4

0.010_______________

____________---____________---

.047

14.09.64837.60.0

0.022____________---__________________---------______---

0.525.24508.18.8

0.010____________------

____________------------___---

2.93.0011.011.44787.50.0

0.018_________

---

_________

___---

------

14.09.74937.50.0

0.020_________

---------------___

------------------

0.8

2-19-99 4-14-99 6-15-99 7-14-99 8-11-99

0

v 2 e*« 4 W S 6

0 10 15 20

10 20 30


u

2

4

6

10

12

i /i

" "1 ";"

-

-

-

-

-

i i i i ii

i i i i | i i i i

-

-

-

-

-

. 1 i i . i

10 20 30 0

10 15 20

10 20 30 0

10 15 20

10 20 30


10 15 20

10 20 30

wS 6

Ew 10o

12

14400

10

500 600 700

u

2

4

6

8

10

12

1/1

1 '

-

S.C.-

-

-

1

-

pH

-

-

-

-

400

10

500 600 700

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS 10 10 10

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 4(

-

-

-

- '

/

i /

)0 500

-

-

\'

-

-

600 7C

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 K) 4(

\

-

1X) 500

-

-

-

-

-

-

600 7C

u

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 )0 4(

-

-

flX) 500

-

-

-

-

-

i600 70


0.05

j* S 0.04

O ^ 0.03 U en

a a 2 2 0.02

O 5sla o.oi

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

10§"

HO!

B

v.§2 2J "*

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

§ 4

S 6

W 8C^i O

10 "-1

-V.

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

JUU

90

80

70

60

JU

30

20

10

0

i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphoras

Q Clllorophyll a

X" Secchi

"" ^-J

-

-

-

1993

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i | i i i i i i i i i i i | i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

-

Eutrophic

~

Mesotrophic

* V ^

B^^S jJ"^/

Oligotrophic-

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Lauderdale Lake (Middle) near Lauderdale, Wisconsin.

89

430309088284800 MIDDLE GENESEE LAKE NEAR OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°03'09", long 88°28'48", in NW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.22, T.7 N., R.17 E., WaukeshaCounty, Hydrologic Unit 07090001,1.8 mi south of Oconomowoc.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1996 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wiscon

sin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + NOB, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (SO,,)Chloride, dissolved (CDSilica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ng/L

865.-_--

0.54 . 53577.713.8

<0.005___________________________________________________

.46--11.04 .14507 .88.10.01___________________________________________________

86542.

0.59.24168.211.70.0130 . 0020.0230 .1410 . 840 . 86

50.61802926101.716417251.6228

.48.014

11.58.54158.310.90.016_________________-________-________________________

86651.

0.520 .24088.19 .0

0.008_______________________________-____________-______

.86.749

11.011.34327 .70 .5

0.011____________-___________________________________---

8673 .2 .

0.526.74158.28.0

0.007________________________________________________---

.02.707

11.512.74637.70.4

0.023______---_______________________________________---

8663,1.

0.527 .73998.38.5

0.015______---____________---_________---____________---

.91.315

11.013.14617. 50 .0

0.041______------_________---------------___---___------

2-10-99 4-07-99 6-02-99 7-06-99 8-03-99


on l a:OJ

I 4

1 *UJQ io

1210 20 30

10 15 20u

2

4

6

10

1 T

1 1 1 1 | 1 1 ! J 1

~

-

-

-

,,,,!.,,

-

-

-

-

i 1 i i . i

0 10 15 20 10 15 20

10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20


30

( 0

2

4

6

10

n

) 5 10 15 2

- )/ / ""

- / -10 20 30

W3 2.X.UJ

I 4

5 6

10

12350


789 10 6789 10 6789 10 6789 10 6789 10

S.C.

pH

10

12400 450 500 350 400 450 500 ""350 400 450 500 "350 400 450 500 "350 400


450 500

90

0.025

°-020

0.015B5 OS O O

O Sei I

0.010

0.005 oo

1996

* f*£yP 2

1996

1997 1998 1999

1997 19981 1 1 1 1 1

1999

u

1CO

1 3S 4

S 5

| 6

W oCO °

9

10

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i --i

im :

** * * ^4

j

0 ]

- -.

1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80XQ 70gs 60I 50u£ 40

§ 30

20

10

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

EXPLANATION


-0- Chlorophyll a

-* Secchi

Oligotrophic

I I I I I 1 I I ! I t I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I L

1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Middle Genesee Lake near Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.


91

05429000 LAKE MONONA AT MADISON, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°03'48", long 89°23'49', in SW 1/4 sec.23, T.7 N., R.9 E., Dane County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, in Brittingham Park, in Madison.

DRAINAGE AREA.--279 mi2 . Area of Lake Monona, 5.3 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.-September 1915 to current year (fragmentary) in reports of the Geological Survey. For 1856 to March 1917 in reports of Wisconsin Railroad Commission, volume 19.

REVISED RECORDS.--WSP 1338: Lake area. WDRWI-73-1: Drainage area.

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 840.00 ft above sea level, or 5.60 ft below City of Madison datum. Prior to Oct. 1, 1979, datum 3.61 ft higher; prior to Nov. 15, 1971, nonrecording gage at same site.

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Lake level regulated by concrete dam with four 12-foot stop-log sections and 12-foot lock at outlet of Lake Waubesa. Gage-height telemeter at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 7.28 ft, June 19, 1996; minimum observed, 3.22 ft, Jan. 20, 1965, current datum.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.~Maximum recorded gage height, 5.99 ft, June 13, 14, July 25-27, and 31; minimum recorded, 3.79 ft, Mar. 26.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN MAR APR JUL AUG SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

4.934.904.904.894.97

5.065.065.115.145.17

5.195.205.195.195.20

5.205.265.335.315.28

5.255.235.215.195.18

5.165.185.205.205.185.19

5.155.334.89

5.205.205.185.155.14

5.125.125.125.145.33

5.355.285.205.135.07

5.024.964.924.844.79

4.754.724.674.644.60

4.564.534.514.494.48---

4.945.354.48

4.464.444.424.414.39

4.384.384.364.344.31

4.294.284.274.264.24

4.204.174.164.124.10

4.064.044.054.054.05

4.044.044.044.034.014.01

4.214.464.01

4.004.034.074.074.07

4.074.074.074.074.07

4.074.074.074.064.06

4.064.074.094.094.12

4.144.234.314.374.40

4.454.504.544.584.604.63

4.204.634.00

4.654.684.714.734.75

4.764.774.784.794.80

4.874.995.005.025.02

5.014.994.984.974.95

4.944.934.924.914.91

4.914.904.89______

4.885.024.65

4.884.854.744.664.61

4.544.474.434.404.34

4.304.254.214.184.14

4.114.054.013.993.96

3.913.883.863.833.81

3.803.853.893.923.964.02

4.194.883.80

4.074.104.204.314.38

4.434.484.574.865.00

5.035.055.085.125.14

5.135.125.125.135.14

5.185.375.825.925.89

5.835.785.735.645.55

5.075.924.07

5.475.415.355.315.26

5.275.275.215.155.11

5.095.115.105.105.14

5.215.625.735.785.80

5.815.795.765.705.65

5.625.595.575.565.565.55

5.445.815.09

5.565.625.615.605.58

5.605.645.655.685.72

5.835.865.955.975.95

5.935.905.905.895.86

5.845.835.895.905.87

5.855.835.825.825.79---

5.795-975.56

5.835.825.815.795.77

5.755.715.695.685.64

5.615.595.565.545.52

5.505.765.845.855.87

5.915.895.885.885.89

5.985.995.975.945.935.97

5.795.995.50

5.945.895.865.865.84

5.815.835.825.805.82

5.815.835.835.815.80

5.795.785.785.805.80

5.795.785.815.885.88

5.875.865.865.855.815.78

5.835.945.78

5.765.755.745.735.71

5.685.675.645.605.55

5.525.495.445.395.36

5.335.315.285.255.22

5.175.125.085.045.01

4.985.045.105.095.03---

5.375.764.98

92

425344088070100 BIG MUSKEGO LAKE, BASS BAY, NEAR MUSKEGO, WI

LOCATION.~Lat 42°53'44", long 88°07'01", in SW 1/4 NE 1/4 sec. 15, T.5 N., R.20 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 1.3 misoutheast of Muskego.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1988 to current year. REMARKS. Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaCO3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaCO3 )Sulfate, dissolved (SO 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (SiO2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ug/L

Feb-11

11. 87______

0.5 7.04.7 3.6600 7157.7 7.512.8 9.60.034 0.060___ -_-_-_ ---___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

Apr-21

11.684.62.27

0.510.06718.010.70. 019<0.0020.5580. 0780. 861.4200.92605430262.81836561

0.31432

7.09.86718. 010. 00.013____________________________________-___________---

Jun-8

11.823.41.83

0.525.25838.68.7

0.013__________-____________________________------___---

7.014.96337.50.6

0.030--_-__---___------___----------__---___------------

2-11-99 4-21-99 6-08-99

0 5 10 15 20

COI 2

g 4

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20

D.O. _

10 20 30

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

-

-

3 10

1 1 1 1 1 1 >

-

-

20 3

0 5 10 15 20

0 10 20 30

Z. 4

9 10



10 6 7 8 9 10

450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750


93

425344088070100 BIG MUSKEGO LAKE, BASS BAY, NEAR MUSKEGO, WI--CONTINUED


Jul-6 Aug-4

Lake stage (ft) Secchi-depth (m) Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton Depth of sample (m) Water temoerature (°C) Specific conductance (nS/cm) pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Phosphorus, total (as P)

11. 1.26

0.527.55238.49.9

0.030

.69

.2.8

7.515.46457.30.4

0.150

0.527.75228.48.3

0.026

2.027.65238.28.4

0.028

11.48 1.017.04.024.85507.40.5

0.033

6.017.36427.00.2

0.037

7.015.86707.00.2

0.078

7-06-99 8-04-99


0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 0

0 10 20 30

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS

0 10 20 30


6 7 8 9 10 6 7 8 9 10

'- S.C. -

450 550 650 750 450 550 650 750


94

- u.zuOH< ^g SZ £ 0.15

Z WU co

S < o.io

§ ? 0.05CL. Z, J "

<HoH

0

MUM I Mil MM.. HIM, II Ml! Mill IMIIIIMM III,..,,... I,,.. I,,,,, MUM III II II , , 1 1 II 1 I 1 | , I 1 1 , I I 1 I I I 1 I, II I I , M | I 1 I I I 1 I, 1 , II Mill MM

"

-

~

«

* '. - *. « \ .

' .- * \ ' % _ -

\ .|| II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | j 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 | 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

200

150

1§ I"

u

50

lA1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

u

CO 1sUQS 2Z

EC 3

Q24uuw

6

-- .v ..- *.- .. "' .-.-' . f \ . * -

-

. i :-

_ ;

:1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Eutrophic

EXPLANATION

B Total Phosphorus

-0 Chlorophyll a

* Secchi

Oligotrophic

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

YEAR

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Muskego Lake, Bass Bay, near Muskego, Wisconsin.

95

425109088075000 BIG MUSKEGO LAKE NEAR WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°51'09", long 88°07'50", in SE 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.33, T.5 N., R.20 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, on left bank 8 ft upstream of dam outlet of Muskego Lake, 700 ft north of Muskego Dam Drive, 2 mi northeast of Wind Lake.


PERIOD OF RECORD.-October 1987 to September 1989, January 1991 to current year.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 760.00 ft above sea level. October to December 1987 and January 1991 to September 1995, nonrecording gage at the same datum. December 1987 through September 1989, data collected using water-stage recorder at the same datum.

REMARKS.-Estimated daily gage heights: Dec. 17-20, May 20-26, and June 4, 5. Lake levels regulated by concrete dam with one 5-ft lift gate. Prior to October 1993, published as Muskego Lake Outlet near Wind Lake, WI.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum observed gage height, 12.60 ft, Oct. 7, 1991 and Aug. 8, 1994; minimum instanta neous, less than 8.72 ft, July 12, 1996 to Feb. 18, 1997, due to drawdown of lake.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.--Maximum observed gage-height, 12.49 ft, June 15; minimum observed, 11.01 ft, Sept. 26.


DAILY MEAN VALUES


1 11.61 11.68 11.66 11.67 11.95 11.77 11.74 11.96 11.87 11.83 11.54 11.342 11.60 11.71 11.67 11.71 11.95 11.78 11.73 11.90 11.81 11.82 11.52 11.333 11.64 11.68 11.68 11.74 11.95 11.79 11.76 11.86 11.82 11.70 11.48 11.324 11.65 11.64 11.71 11.73 11.97 11.78 11.76 11.84 11.81 11.68 11.48 11.325 11.68 11.63 11.70 11.72 11.96 11.80 11.76 11.82 11.79 11.68 11.47 11.30

6 11.71 11.62 11.72 11.72 11.94 11.82 11.66 11.86 11.77 11.69 11.45 11.307 11.72 11.61 11.76 11.71 11.92 11.78 11.68 11.85 11.81 11.68 11.44 11.278 11.73 11.62 11.74 11.71 11.88 11.78 11.77 11.92 11.82 11.65 11.47 11.259 11.72 11.63 11.73 11.71 11.87 11.80 11.97 11.93 11.79 11.65 11.43 11.22

10 11.71 11.57 11.74 11.71 11.86 11.81 11.86 11.92 11.79 11.65 11.47 11.20

11 11.70 11.81 11.71 11.71 11.87 11.81 11.85 11.90 11.85 11.61 11.47 11.2112 11.69 11.88 11.72 11.71 11.95 11.81 11.81 12.00 11.92 11.59 11.46 11.1913 11.68 11.86 11.73 11.72 11.96 11.81 11.79 12.00 12.15 11.56 11.47 11.1914 11.68 11.84 11.72 11.71 11.94 11.81 11.76 11.94 12.40 11.52 11.47 11.1815 11.66 11.82 11.70 11.71 11.93 11.80 11.74 11.88 12.47 11.51 11.43 11.19

16 11.67 11.81 11.72 11.71 11.91 11.81 11.79 11.86 12.43 11.49 11.40 11.1917 11.69 11.78 11.72 11.72 11.88 11.78 11.68 11.91 12.35 11.58 11.41 11.1718 11.77 11.74 11.72 11.75 11.84 11.87 11.64 11.99 12.26 11.60 11.41 11.1619 11.81 11.67 11.71 11.74 11.81 11.88 11.63 12.03 12.18 11.61 11.45 11.1520 11.81 11.69 11.71 11.73 11.77 11.85 11.63 12.02 12.11 11.61 11.43 11.21

21 11.81 11.68 11.70 11.73 11.73 11.88 11.68 11.99 12.04 11.61 11.41 11.1922 11.77 11.63 11.70 11.85 11.69 11.84 11.82 11.96 11.98 11.61 11.40 11.1623 11.72 11.66 11.70 11.95 11.67 11.80 12.14 11.93 11.93 11.62 11.41 11.1624 11.68 11.69 11.69 12.00 11.69 11.83 12.18 11.90 11.90 11.61 11.45 11.1725 11.65 11.68 11.69 12.02 11.71 11.81 12.22 11.87 11.90 11.61 11.45 11.15

26 11.64 11.68 11.69 12.02 11.73 11.78 12.22 11.84 11.87 11.60 11.43 11.1027 11.64 11.68 11.68 12.02 11.75 11.76 12.21 11.80 11.86 11.60 11.41 11.1728 11.66 11.68 11.68 12.02 11.76 11.72 12.19 11.79 11.84 11.57 11.41 11.4529 11.65 11.65 11.68 12.01 11.74 12.09 11.77 11.84 11.54 11.42 11.5130 11.66 11.68 11.68 11.99 11.71 12.01 11.75 11.84 11.54 11.37 11.4931 11.67 --- 11.67 11.97 --- 11.66 11.73 11.54 11.35

MEAN 11.69 11.70 11.70 11.80 11.85 11.80 11.86 11.89 11.97 11.62 11.44 11.24MAX 11.81 11.88 11.76 12.02 11.97 11.88 12.22 12.03 12.47 11.83 11.54 11.51MIN 11.60 11.57 11.66 11.67 11.67 11.66 11.63 11.73 11.77 11.49 11.35 11.10

96

425212088072800 BIG MUSKEGO LAKE, SOUTH SITE, NEAR MUSKEGO, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°52'12", long 88°07'28", in NW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.27, T.5 N., R.20 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, nearMuskego.

DRAINAGE AREA.--33.9 mi2 . ^ERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1988 to current year. ^EMARKS.--Lake sampled at south end of lake at a depth of about 1 m. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses

done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 11 TO AUGUST 04, 1999(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sample (m)Water temnerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) n<?/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) M-9/L

2-11-99 4.21-99

Feb-11

11.87

0.510.06247.910.70.024

Apr-21

11.68 >1.00 14.500.5 26.85568.05.3

0.032 <0.0020.02 0.1051.31.4303.72405525252.620239541.53681020

11.82>1.001.270.529.05227.86.7

0.033

Jul-6

11.69>1.005.520.526.75598.19.8

0.027

Aug-4

11.48>1.003.400.526.85578.19.8

0.035

6-08-99 7-06-99 8-04-99

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER0 5 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25 05 10 15 20 25

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EXPLANATION

- - Total Phosphoru

-G- Chlorophyll a

-* Secchi

Oligotrophic

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994

YEAR

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Big Muskego Lake, South Site, near Muskego, Wisconsin.

(Triangles indicate maximum depth at sampling site. Actual Secchi depth on these days was greater than plotted triangles.)

98

461224091033200 NAMEKAGON LAKES, GARDEN LAKE, NEAR CABLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°12'24", long 91°03'32", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.13, T.43 N., R.6 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Cable.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled at deepest part of Garden Lake. Lake ice-covered during March measurements. Water-quality analyses done by



Apr-20 Jul-7 Aug-17

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (CDSilica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

_--

0. 50.21007.211.70. 020______________________________--._ _ __--__________________

----

6. 04 .71266 .82 . 9

0. 121_________________________________________________________

8.75 8.432.2 1.82.25 3 . 53

0.5 6.0 0.5 6.06.6 6.4 15.6 13 -791 91 89 927.1 7.1 7.7 7.010.3 10.6 8.3 3.40.022 0 . 021 0 . 026 0. 0280.007 --- --- ---0.127 --- --- ---0.013 --- --- ---0.39 --- --- ---0.52 --- --- ---50 --- --- ---2 ___ ___ ___

4512 ___ _ _ _ ___3.6 --- --- ---

1.90.941<45 --- --- ---1Q ___ _ ___

14 ___ ___ ___80 --- --- ---330 --- ---180 --- --- ---

8.751. 84.11

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0.033 0.0270.004 ---0.012 ---0.019 ---0.59 ---

0 . 6 ---___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ __-___ ___--- ---

8.801. 13.17

0.5 6.020.5 19 .983 837.4 7.27.4 5.5

0.045 0.054_ __ _-____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ __---- ------ ---___ ______ ______ ______ ______ _-____ ______ ___--- ---

3-04-99 4-20-99 6-02-99 7-07-99 8-17-99


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JFMAMJ JASOND 1998

JFMAMJ JASOND 1999

100

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Eutrophic

9 © o Mesotrophic

EXPLANATION

- Total Phosphorus

© CWorophyll a

« Secchi

Oligotrophic

JFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJ JASOND 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphoras, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Namekagon Lake (Garden) near Cable, Wisconsin.

100

461457091065900 NAMEKAGON LAKES, JACKSON LAKE, NEAR CABLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°14'57", long 91°06'59", in NE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.33, T.44 N., R.6 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Cable.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year.

REMARKS.-Lake sampled at deepest part of Jackson Lake. Lake ice-covered during March measurements. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Apr-20 Aug-17

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (mg/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (oC)Specific conductance (mS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, NO2 + NO3, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaCO3)Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaCO3)Sulfate, dissolved (SO4)Chloride, dissolved (CDSilica, dissolved (Si02)Solids, dissolved, at 180oCIron, dissolved (Fe) mg/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) mg/L

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3-03-99 4-20-99 6-02-99 7-07-99 8-17-99

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DISSOLVED OXYGEN (D.O.), IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20 05 10 15 20

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PH, IN STANDARD UNITS9 10 6789 10 67 Oi i i i I 0 9 10

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JFMAMJ JASOND 1999

100

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EXPLANATION

H§- Total Phospliorus

-©- Clllorophyll a

«< Secchi

Oligotrophic

JFMAMJ JASOND1998

JFMAMJ JASOND 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Namekagon Lake (Jackson) near Cable, Wisconsin.

102

461308091065100 NAMEKAGON LAKE, DEEP HOLE, NEAR CABLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°13'08", long 91°06'51", in NE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.9, T.43 N., R.6 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Cable. PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year.

REMARKS.-Lake sampled near center of the lake at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ug/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temcerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) u9/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ng/L

______

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3-03-99

30

4-20-99 7-07-99

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J JASONDJFMAMJ JASOND1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Namekagon Lake, Deep Hole, near Cable, Wisconsin.

104

461228091044300 NAMEKAGON LAKE, EAST BASIN, NEAR CABLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°12'28", long 91°04'43", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec. 14, T.43 N., R.6 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Cable.


REMARKS.-Lake sampled at deepest part of the eastern basin. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Mar-4

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sairple (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductancepH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)


___ 0.50.11037.010.60.026

8.752.07.110.56.5947.310.50.021

8.432.54.70.515.3947.58.30.021

8.752.16.95

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Total Phosphorus

-0- Clilorophyll a

X" Secchi

J F M A M

i i i i i i ! | i i i i i i i i i i i

-

_

Eutrophic-

-^^ ^ ^l^-i^-i^..^^..^... _ ^ ^ ^f*

Mesotrophic*®^^

Oligotrophic

~


YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Namekagon Lake, East Basin, near Cable, Wisconsin.

106

461410091050700 NAMEKAGON LAKE, NORTHEAST BASIN, NEAR CABLE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°14'10", long 91°05'07", in SE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.2, T.43 N., R.6 W., Bayfield County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Cable. PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled at deepest part of the northeast bay. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by



Lake stage (ft) Secchi-depth (m) Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton Depth of sanple (m) Water temperature (°C) Specific conductance (^S/cm) pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Phosphorus, total (as P)

Mar-3 Apr-20 Jun-2 Jul-7

0.015 0.032 0.018 0.019 0.034 0.130 0.164

Au.g-17

0.50.4977.011.6

_ _

11.54.61407.20.7

8.752.35.040.56.9897.210.3

8.433.03.16

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8.752.45.21

0.5 11.022.9 11.389 1237.6 7.17.5 0.1

8.8C1.318

0.521.1857.78.0

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10.012.81397.10.2

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B Total Phosphorus

0- CWorophyll a

»< Secclii

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1111111 i i i i i i i i i i i

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m.

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YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Namekagon Lake, Northeast Basin, near Cable, Wisconsin.

108

430551088273500 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 1 (CENTER) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 43°05'51", long 88°27'35", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.2, T.7 N., R. 17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Ocono- mowoc.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--March 1986 to current year.

REMARKS.--Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wis consin State Laboratory of Hygiene.


Lake stage (ft) Secchi-depth (m Chlorophyll a. Depth of sample Water temperatu Specific conduc pH (units) Dissolved oxyge Phosphorus, tot Phosphorus, ort Nitrogen, N02 + Nitrogen, ammon Nit rogen, amm. Nitrogen, total Color (Pt-Co. s Turbidity (NTH) Hardnes s, (as C Calc ium, dissol Magnesium, diss Sodium, dissolv Potassium, diss Alka1inity, (as Sulfate, dissol Chloride, disso Si 1 i ca, dissolv Solids, dissolv Iron, dissolved Manganese, diss

phytoplankton (mg/L)

re (oC)tance (mS/cm)

n (mg/L)al (as P)ho, dissolved (as P)N03, diss. (as N)

ia, dissolved (as N) + org . , total (as N)(as N)

cale)

aC03 ) ved (Ca) olved (Mg) ed (Na) olved (K)CaC03 )

ved (SO4) Ived (Cl) ed (Si02 ) ed, at 180oC(Fe) mg/L

olved (Mn) mg/L

Feb-10

7.10

_ _ _0.5 18.03.6 2.9550 6647.7 7.813.8 10.3

<0.005 0.010_ _ _- _ _ _ _ _- - -_ _ _ _ _ -_ _ _- - -_ _ _ _ _ -_ _ _- _ _ _ _ -_ _ __ _ _- - -- - -_ _ _- - -- - -. . .

Apr

8 .2 .5.

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Jun- 17

8.043 . 11 . 52

0.5 17.522.0 8.7517 5668.0 7.59.3 0.9

0.009 0.045_ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ - - -_ _ __ _ _ - - -_ _ _ _ _ __ - _ _ _ __ _ _ - - -_ _ __ _ _ - _ __ _ _ _ - -_ _ _ - - -_ _ -

Jul- 12

7.992 . 11.94

0.5 18.026.6 8.6528 5798.2 7.63.8 0.0

0.008 0.029_ . _ _ _ __ _ - _ _ __ _ - - - -_ _ _ - - __ _ - _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ - - - __ _ __ . _ - - -_ _ -_ _ -_ _ -_ _ - - - -_ _ -_ _ -_ . -

Aug-9

3.041 . 92.62

0.5 11.024.4 11.5500 5678.1 7.68.3 0.4

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1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 L991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

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1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

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1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

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EXPLANATION

U Total Phosphoru

O- Chlorophyll a

* Secchi

Eutrophic

Oligotrophic

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, No. 1 (Center) at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.


110

430609088262200 OCONOMOWOC LAKE NO. 2 (OFF HEWITT POINT) AT OCONOMOWOC, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°06'09", long 88°26'22", in NW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec. 1, T.7 N., R. 17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Ocono- mowoc.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1986 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled at the deepest point in northeast bay near Hewitt Point. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality anal

yses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorouhvll a, Dhvtoulankton (ucr/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temnerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)

7.

--0.53.05518.114.4

<0.005

____________

10

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____________

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0.59.56068.211.6

<0.005

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14.57.86128.09.1

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____________

8.2.0.

0.522.15448.29.4

0.008

____________

04 .794

14.58.76147.40.6

0.041

____________

7. 2.1.

0.526.45638.28.5

0.006

____________

99.773

14.58.86307.50.0

0.053

____________

0.524.25388.38.5

0.012

____________

8.04 2.13.2210.010.75997.60.2

0.018

____________

14.08.86377.40.0

0.055

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1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

EXPLANATION

Total Phosphorus

Chlorophyll a

Secchi

Eutrophic

Mesotrophic

Oligotrophic

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Oconomowoc Lake, No. 2 (Hewitt Pt.) at Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.


112

430723088252100 OKAUCHEE LAKE AT OKAUCHEE, WI

'.OCATION.--Lat 43°07'23", long 88°25'21", in SE 1/4 SE 1/4, sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E, Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.DRAINAGE AREA.--80.7 mi2 .°ERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1984 to current year.".ARE-STAGE GAGE.-Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above sea level.REMARKS.-A detailed water quality management plan has been developed for Okauchee Lake by Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Com

mission; previous water-quality data are available in this report. Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 10 TO AUGUST 09, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicatedd)


Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of sample (m)Water tenvoerature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC03 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) txqYLManganese, dissolved (Mn)

4.--

0.52.77407.914.50.007___________________________________________________

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27.52.65697.98.7

0.101___________________________________________________

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65.7.128.56.65778.19.8

0.014___________________________________________________

4.15.

0.521.65178.28.7

0.012_________________________________________________-_

79.908

287.55697.50.6

0.024_______-_________________________---_______________

4.15.

0.525.65418.08.4

0.012___________________________---___------____________

76.320

27.57.55767.60.0

0.029______---____________---___---------------_________

0.524.45178.07.40.023___---------_______________------___------___---___

4.781.37.0011

10.85627.71.0

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430759088244200 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 1, NEAR OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°07'59", long 88°24'42", in NE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.30, T.8 N., R. 18 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, near Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1986 to current year.

LAKE-STAGE GAGE.-Datum of gage is 869.00 ft above sea level.

REMARKS.-Lake sampled in Crane's Nest Bay, in the northeast part of the lake, at an approximate depth of 2 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 20 TO AUGUST 09, 1999 (Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)


Lake stage (ft) 4.65 4.79 4.76 4.78Secchi-depth (m) 1.4 1.9 1.1 1.5Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L) 15.3 2.69 3.58 10Depth of sample (m) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Water temoerature (°C) 9-0 21.9 25.9 24.4Specific conductance (nS/cm) 594 518 547 517pH (units) 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.3Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 14.8 9.0 8.4 7.6Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.021 0.012 0.011 0.022

430645088264500 OKAUCHEE LAKE, NO. 2, AT OKAUCHEE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 43°06'45", long 88°26'45", in SE 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.35, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-April 1986 to current year.


REMARKS.-Lake sampled in Lower Okauchee Lake, at an approximate depth of 5 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Lab oratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft) 4.65 4.79 4.76 4.78Secchi-depth (m) 1.1 1.4 1.6 2.1Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L) 10.5 2.44 4.34 4.10Depth of sample (m) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Water teirroerature (°C) 10.4 22.3 26.5 24.5Specific conductance (nS/cm) 563 504 520 498pH (units) 8.5 8.3 8.2 8.1Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 13.4 8.7 9.0 7.5Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.012 0.013 0.013 0.025

115


LOCATION.--Lat 43°06'42", long 88°25'24", in NE 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.36, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.--April 1986 to current year.


REMARKS.-Lake sampled in Ice House Bay, in the southern part of the lake, at an approximate depth of 4 m. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft) 4.65 4.79 4.76 4.78Secchi-depth (m) 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.5Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L) 9.61 5.59 6 7.00Depth of sample (m) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Water temoerature (°C> 9.6 21.7 26.1 24.1Specific conductance (nS/cm) 560 502 525 500pH (units) 8.6 8.3 8.2 8.2Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 13.4 9.1 8.6 7.6Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.011 0.019 0.015 0.026


LOCATION.-Lat 43°07'57", long 88°26'17", in NW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.25, T.8 N., R.17 E., Waukesha County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at Okauchee.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-June 1986 to current year.


REMARKS.-Lake sampled near McDowell (Crazyman's) Island, in the northwest bay of the lake, at an approximate depth of 2 m. Water- quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.



Lake stage (ft) 4.65 4.79 4.76 4.78Secchi-depth (m) 1.3 1-7 1.1 1.3Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L) 8.90 2.62 4.42 6.00Depth of sample (m) 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Water temoerature (°C) 9.1 21.9 26.4 23.9Specific conductance (nS/cm) 569 517 540 513pH (units) 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.4Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 13.1 8.5 7.7 8.1Phosphorus, total (as P) 0.011 0.015 0.011 0.021

116

424905088204000 POTTER LAKE NEAR MUKWONAGO, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°49'05", long 88°20'40", in NW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec. 11, T.4 N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, 3.3 misouth of Mukwonago.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1993 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Lab

oratory of Hygiene.WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 11 TO AUGUST 05, 1999


Feb-ll Apr-21 Jun-11 Aug-5

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC03 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

8.31

0.5 6.55.4 4.7452 5087.6 7.410.6 4.50.051 0.228___ ______ ___

_________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

______ ______ ______ ___ ___

8.31.

0.511.24868.111.20.0170.0110.0480.1961.31.315

0.901804020202.21717.645

0.16272204.9

13.291

7.010.74878.010.70.034

____________

_________________________________

8.271.17.74

0.5 7.026.9 15.8445 5138.3 7.49.1 0.6

0.022 0.047___ ______ ______ ___

______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

_________ _________ ______ ___

7 .0.19

0.526.84448.18.2

0.0460.0180.0210.0481.71.8_______________________________________

96,7.6

7.015.95316.90.5

0.062_______________________________________

____________

0.526.94798.17.8

0.041___

___________________________________________________

7.641.18.006.021.55646.70.2

0.048

__________________ _________

___

___

___

7.019.86126.60.0

0.057___-____________________

______

_________

2-11-99

10 15 20u

1CO

I 3^ 4

I 6

7

Q

-

-

J

- /

~

,,,,!.,

-

-

~

-

-

,,!,!,,

10 20 30

4-21-99 6-11-99 7-08-99


1 1 .. 1 1 1 1 1 1

- W.T.-

-

-

-

-

i i i 1 i i ..

-

-

-

-

-

D.O. _

10 20 30

0

0

10 15 20

10 20 30

0

0

10 15 20

10 20 30


8-05-99

10 15 20

10 20 30

PH, IN STANDARD UNITS10

u

1COI 2

Z 4

cu

7

4(

^ '

- \*«

-

-

X) 50

1 ' :-

"

-

-

) 600 70

_

-

-

-

-

-

- s.c

_

pH _

-

-

-

-

-

10 8 10 10 8 9 10

400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700 400 500 600 700


117

z' °'05oH< as? la 0.04

U as

O & 0.03U </3

D <as as o g 0.02

o.oi

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

oH OS<e 20

S« ,5 5*8

.*

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Z 2

S

Q 3

5 1 i i i i i i i i < i i i i i ' ' i i i i i ' i i i ' ' ' i ' i i '

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

100

90

80 X§ 70 ZW 60

I 50

U5 «>

I 30f-

20

10

0

Eutrophic

EXPLANATION

t- Total Phosphorus

Clllorophyll a

Secchi

Oligotrophic

1993 1994 1995 1996

YEAR

1997 1998 1999

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Potter Lake near Mukwonago, Wisconsin.

118

423246088175800 POWERS LAKE AT POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°32'46", long 88°17'58", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.13, T.I N., R.18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at PowersLake.

DRAINAGE AREA.--3.42 mi2 .PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1986 to August 1996, and April 1998 to current year. REMARKS. Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin

State Laboratory of Hygiene.WATER-QUALITY DATA, FEBRUARY 19 TO AUGUST 04, 1999



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (nq/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC03 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) nq/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

10.----

0.54.94157.818.60.011___________________________________________________

13--

9.03.85187.915.10.009___________________________________________________

1062.

0.511.95078.210.70.010<0.0020.070.0370.60.67

50.52203631172.318331385.8282

.00

.157

10.09.45118.19.4

0.013___________________________________________________

1032.

0.525.64828.29.2

0.012___________________________________________________

.23

.177

10.013.75287.50.6

0.024________________________________.__-__-____________

10.223.33.12

0.5 10.026 14446 5248.2 7.58.2 0.4

0.013 0.0840.002 ---<0.010 0.016 ---0.58 ---___ ______ ______ _-____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

9.831.92.81

0.5 8.027.1 19.3455 4908.1 7.38.1 0.6

0.019 0.024___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___--- ---___ ______ ______ ______ ___

9.514.65307.20.0

0.061____________________________________---____________

1.9

2-19-99 4-14-99 6-10-99 7-07-99 8-04-99

0

& 13« , s 4

K 6fc U0 8

10

10 15 20

10 20 30


.... I ....

W.T. ;

-

,,,..,,

-

D.O.

. 1 . , . L

0 10 15 20 0

10

10 15 20

10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20


30

10 15 20

1010 20 30


0

5/3 2

H

H 4zX 6fc U Q 8

10 4(

7891

-!. -

/

\;

i iK) 450 500 550 6C

0 0

2

4

6

8

10 0 4(

7891

- pH

-

-

_

-

B.C.

X) 450 500 550 6C

Q 0

2

4

6

8

10 0 4(

7891

_

-

!/;'.

\

)0 450 500 550 6C

0 0

2

4

6

8

10 >0 4(

7891

_

-

_

-

"ft, /)0 450 500 550 6C

0 0

2

4

6

8

10 >0 4(

7 8 9 1(

\-

A :i i i

)0 450 500 550 60


119

0.06

0.04

0.02

*

*o

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

£510

5 s 5oS

00

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

U 6

MM II HIM

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

1UU

90

80XQ 70

W 60

<en ^U H 40&pj 30

20

10

0

EXPLANATION-

Total Phosphorus

-Q- Chlorophyll a

* Secchi

J^ ' ^ v, fc

oJR? nll(P> JD 5"_^L % ' x _T§

X : x~~X

-

-

IMMIMIM Illllllllll Illllll

1986 1987 198$

III Illllllllll Illllllllll Illllllllll Illllllllll MIMMIMI Illllllllll Illllllllll IMMIMIM Illllllllll IIIIIMIIII Illllllllll

-

Eutrophic

~

Mesotrophicj_ V \ X* /T> - ^ ) .. . \ 2£.. ^ ^~ ^ jk. "* liit---u_. - onT ^^_ ~* yJL "y- -^^- ' -.. pi^:-.. **'' -. P^-^l$^*&^ ___ l'li-^_*xirQ^__

O ^< ' x 5?

Oligotrophic-

Ml MMIMMII Illllllllll Illllllllll Illllllllll Illllllllll Illllllllll Illllllllll MllliMIII Illllllllll Illllllllll IIIIIIMIIJ

$ 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Powers Lake at Powers Lake, Wisconsin.


120

05334000 SHELL LAKE AT SHELL LAKE, WI

LOCATION-Lat 45°44'46", long 91°55'00", in NE 1/4 sec.25, T.38 N., R.13 W., Washburn County, Hydrologic Unit 07030001, 500 ft east of Peterson Boat Factory in the village of Shell Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA.--26.0 mi2 . Area of Shell Lake, 3,200 acres.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-August 1936 to September 1999.

REVISED RECORD.--WDR WI-80-1: Drainage area.

GAGE.-Nonrecording gage. Datum of gage is 1,215.88 ft ft, National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929. May 3, 1952 to Apr. 21, 1961, 2.3 mi southeast of village of Shell Lake at same datum.

REMARKS.-Stage measured on the west side of lake intermittently by an observer from 1936 to 1998. In 1998-99 water year, stage was continuously measured during non-freezing periods.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 6.31 ft, June 27, 1998; minimum observed, -0.92 ft, Nov. 28, 1949.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT PERIOD.-1998 water year: Maximum gage height observed, 6.31, June 27; minimum observed, 5.32 ft, Sept. 24. 1999 water year: Maximum gage height observed, 5.34, Oct. 1; minimum observed, 3.40 ft, Sept. 29, 30.


DAILY MEAN VALUE


1 --- --- 6.22 6.24 5.79 5.702 6.28 6.22 6.24 5.77 5.683 --- 6.20 6.23 5.78 5.674 6.18 6.21 5.78 5.645 --- --- 6.18 6.16 6.19 5.77 5.62

6 5.90 6.17 6.14 6.21 5.77 5.617 6.17 6.13 6.22 5.77 5.598 6.16 6.12 6.21 5.79 5.579 6.15 6.11 6.20 5.78 5.55

10 --- - --- 6.34 6.14 6.10 6.19 5.76 5.53

11 6.13 6.11 6.18 5.74 5.5012 5.67 6.12 6.14 6.16 5.72 5.5013 5.96 6.12 6.14 6.15 5.71 5.4914 --- 6.11 6.13 6.14 5.69 5.4815 6.12 6.13 6.17 5.67 5.47

16 6.16 6.12 6.15 5.65 5.4517 5.65 --- 6.15 6.11 6.13 5.83 5.4418 --- 6.16 6.14 6.11 5.83 5.4219 6.22 6.21 6.09 5.80 5.4120 5.84 5.79 6.38 6.21 6.24 6.07 5.83 5.41

21 6.20 6.25 6.05 5.82 5.3822 5.78 --- 6.18 6.23 6.03 5.83 5.3723 --- 6.16 6.22 5.99 5.85 5.3424 6.14 6.23 5.95 5.84 5.3225 6.12 6.26 5.93 5.82 5.34

26 6.12 6.26 5.91 5.80 5.4027 6.30 6.11 6.31 5.90 5.79 5.3928 5.72 6.10 6.29 5.88 5.78 5.3829 6.09 6.27 5.85 5.76 5.3630 6.14 6.25 5.82 5.74 5.3631 6.25 5.80 5.72

TOTAL --- --- --- 185.62 188.60 178.98 164.37MEAN --- --- --- 6.19 6.08 5.77 5.48MAX --- 6.31 6.24 5.85 5.70MIN --- --- --- 6.10 5.80 5.65 5.32

121

05334000 SHELL LAKE AT SHELL LAKE, WI--CONTINUED

GAGE HEIGHT, FEET, WATER YEAR OCTOBER 1998 TO SEPTEMBER 1999 DAILY MEAN VALUES

OCT NOV

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

TOTALMEANMAXMIN

55555

55555

55555

55555

5.5.5.55,

5.55,55.5

16355.5.

.34

.32

.30

.28

.27

.30

.29

.28

.26

.25

.24

.23

.22

.21

.18

.21

.31

.33

.32

.31

.31

.29

.27

.26

.27

.26

.26

.26

.25

.25

.25

.38

.27

.34

.18

55555

55555

55555

55555

55555

55555

155555

.23

.22

.21

.19

.19

.18

.17

.16

.15

.20

.21

.21

.20

.19

.18

.18

.17

.19

.21

.21

.21

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20

.19

.19

.19___

.83

.19

.23

.15

5.195.185.185.185.24

5.245.245.235.225.22

5.21____________

___________---

______--___

_________________

__________-_

JAN

5.19

5.20

5.20

5.23

5.26

FEE JUN AUG SEP

4.4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.---

131.4.4.4.

7877777676

7575747373

7272717170

6969686867

6766656564

646363-_----

68707863

44444

44444.

4.44.44

4.44,44,

4,44.4,4.

4,4.4.4,4.4.

140.4.4,4.

.62

.61

.61

.60

.60

.59

.59

.58

.57

.57

.56

.56

.55

.55

.54

.53

.53

.52

.52

.51

.50

.50

.49

.49

.48

.48

.47

.46

.46

.45

.45

.54

.53,62.45

44444

44444

44444

44444

44444

44444

130444

.44

.44

.43

.42

.42

.41

.41

.40

.40

.39

.38

.38

.37

.37

.36

.36

.35

.34

.34

.33

.33

.32

.32

.31

.30

.30

.29

.29

.28

.28---

.76

.36

.44

.28

444.44

4.4.4,4,4.

4.4,4,4.4.

4.4.4.4.4.

4.4.4.4,4.

4.4,4.4.4.4,

129.4.4.4.

.27

.26

.26

.25

.25

.24

.24

.23

.22

.22

.21

.21

.20

.19

.19

.18

.18

.17

.17

.16

.15

.15

.14

.14

.13

,13,12.11.11,10.10

.68,18,27,10

44444

44444

44444

44333

33333

33333

120443

.09

.09

.08

.07

.07

.06

.06

.05

.05

.04

.03

.03

.02

.02

.01

.01

.00

.99

.99

.98

.98

.97

.97

.96

.95

.95

.94

.94

.93

.93---

.26

.01

.09

.93

33333.

3,33,33,

3.3.3,3.3,

3,3,3,3.3,

3.3,3,3,3.

3,3,3.3,3.3,

118,3.3.3.

.92

.91

.91

.90

.90

.89

.88

.88

.87

.87

.86

.86

.85

.84

.84

.83

.83

.82

.82

.81

.80

.80

.79

.79

.78

.78

.77

.76

.76

.75

.75

.82,83.92.75

3.743.743.733.723.72

3.713.713.703.703.69

3.683.683.673.673.66

3.663.653.643.643.63

3.633.623.613.613.60

3.603.593.593.583.573.57

113.313.663.743.57

33333

33333

33333

33333

33333

33333

104333

.56

.56

.55

.55

.54

.53

.53

.52

.52

.51

.51

.50

.49

.49

.48

.48

.47

.47

.46

.45

.45

.44

.44

.43

.43

.42

.41

.41

.40

.40---

.40

.48

.56

.40

122

423153088184800 TOMBEAU LAKE NEAR POWERS LAKE, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°31 1 53", long 88°18'48", in SE 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.24, T.I N., R. 18 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006,1.5 mi south west of Powers Lake.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-May 1998 to current year. REMARKS.-Lake sampled near center at deep hole. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene.

WATER-QUALITY DATA, APRIL 15 TO AUGUST 04, 1999(Milligrams per liter unless otherwise indicated)

Apr-15 Aug-4

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (iig/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (iiS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S04 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si0 2 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

8252.6.

0.511.66378.212.10.0280.0021.220.0530.842 .1151.22805634162.523042416.8358

.09.446

8.07.16477.64.6

0.101____________________________________-______________

826.262.34 .94

0.5 8.027 .8 8.1563 6688.2 7.89.5 0.7

0.021 0.014___ ______ ______ ______ _-____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___

8251.6.

0.527.85298.39.8

0.0250.0030.2830.0190.821.1_________________________________---

.65.772

8.58.06727.30.4

0.024________________________________________________---

825.712.36.00

0.5 6.027.2 9.9542 5908.3 7.410.8 0.10.024 0.029___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___--- ------ ---

8.08.26557.10.0

0.147__________________________________________---------

3.6

04-15-99

10

6-10-99 7-07-99 8-04-99


20

D.O.

10 20 30

0

10 l-LJ-0

10 20 00

10 20 30 0

10 20

10 20 30 10 20 30


10

S.C. pH

10


8 10 10

10

10

10500 600 700 800 500 600 700 800 500 600 700 800 500 600 700 800


123

0.030

« 0.025B

« 0.020

< 0.015

O

^ 0.010S z

0.005


20

O H M

10

s

JFMAMJ J ASOND JFMAMJ J ASOND 1998 1999

P 1

I 2;

S I,

JFMAMJ J ASOND 1998

JFMAMJ JASOND 1999

XSzUH

VI

y£of-1

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

-

_

-

-

-

-

i i i i

^

Mesotrophic *

EXPLANATION

B Total Phosphorus

0- Chlorophyll a

*< Secchi

J F M A M

1111111 i i i i i i i i i i i

-

Eutrophic

-

-

-^ y^\m * -~ Jt^jfc^-"\^"/ \^^^ ................... --3*^ jji-^-*^?

-

Oligotrophic

JJASONDJFMAMJ JASOND 1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Tombeau Lake near Powers Lake, Wisconsin.

124

461321091520900 WHITEFISH LAKE, NORTH SITE, NEAR GORDON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°13'21", long 91°52'09", in NW 1/4 SE 1/4 sec.9, T.43 N., R. 12 W., Douglas County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Gor don.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled at deepest part of northern basin. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wis



Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phvtoplankton (ucr/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (uS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)


_________0.50.6417.413.6

<0.005

4.819.10.530.57.2386.913.0

<0.005

4.758.61.810.516.4387.89.4

<0.005

5.086.41.250.523.5398.18.7

<0.005

5.416.90.74

0.5 16.022.0 12.437 647.7 6.68.8 0.1

<0.005 0.044

10§12

14

16

3-03-99

10 15 20

4-14-99 6-02-99 7-14-99

10

0

2 on

S 6

g 8

H" 10

§12

14

16

20

\ s.c.

30

10

0 25 50 75 100


u

2

4

6

10

12

14

if.

- :^ '-

---,,,,!,,,,

-

-

-

-

-

-

1 , , , ,

10 20 30

0 10 15 20

0 10 20 30

0 10 15 20

0 10 20



u

2

4

6

10

12

14

\f.

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

i i i

10

0 25 50 75 100

10

0 25 50 75 100

30

10

0 25 50 75 100

8-16-99

10 15 20u

2

4

6

10

12

14

\f,

-

-

-

S, . , i 1 i

-

-

-

..- '

;'

:, , , 1 1 1 1 ,

10 20 30

10

25 50 75 100


125

0.020

< -,

H£Z t 0.015a ju a. z a O a. U oo

o.oioO O

0.005 o ooo oo

I i i


15

0 SI 1u


g 6


1998 1999

TE INDEX

U

na.

1UU

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

-

-

J

i i i i

EXPLANATION

B Total Phosphorus

Q- Chlorophyll a

* Secchi

Cr**rrC^

l 1 1 l

F M A M

111111 i i i i i i i i i i i

Eutrophic

_ _.«__«.. - - .«- Mesotrophic

1rN> * _^^^~~~~^^e

Oligotrophic

J J ASONDJFMAMJ JASOND1998 1999

YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Whitefish Lake, North Site, near Gordon, Wisconsin.


126

461212091523200 WHITEFISH LAKE, SOUTH BASIN, NEAR GORDON, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 46°12'12", long 91°52'32", in SE 1/4 SW 1/4 sec. 16, T.43 N., R.12 W., Douglas County, Hydrologic Unit 07030002, near Gordon.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-March 1998 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled at deepest part of southern basin. Lake ice-covered during March sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wis




Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temperature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + H03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total [as N)Color (Pt-Co. sccile)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC0 3 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ng/LManganese, dissolved (Mn) ng/L

3-03-99

_________

0.5 28.00.4 3.842 667.1 6.614. 6 0.7

<0.005 0.149___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ -_____ __-___ ______ ______ ______ -_____ ______ ______ ._____ ______ ______ ______ ___

4 . 819.20 .49

0.5 27.06.7 4.237 ---6.8 6.612.6 10.70.005 0.0110.004 ---0.045 ---0.03 ---0.29 ---0.34 ---<5 ---0.7 ---185

1.3 ---0.93 ---0.618 ---

<2.0 ---0.50.928 ---305.7

4.75 5.089.7 7.31.43 0.64

0.5 27. 0 0.5 29.015.8 6.3 23 . 0 6.538 40 39 447.6 6.5 7.9 6.49.2 6.5 8.7 1.1

<0.005 0.011 <0.005 0.210--- --- 0.003 ---

--- <0.010 ------ --- 0.005 ------ --- 0.32 ---___ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ -__ ______ ___ ___ ____._ ___ ___ ______ ___ __- -_____ ___ -__ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ___--- --- --- ---

5.416 .30.95

0.5 13 .021.8 12.437 387.8 7.38.6 9.5

<0.005 0.008___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___--- ---___ ______ ______ ______ ______ ___--- ------ ---___ __-___ -__

29 .06.6496.50. 1

0.041_________---______------------___---___------------------

4-14-99 6-02-99 7-14-99 8-16-99


0

3

2 6e 9I 12

5 15K 18

Q 24

27

30

10 15 20

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10

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21

24

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-

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5 10 .I i , 1 1 1 1

.,,,,,

15 2

1-

-

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10 20 30

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25 50 75 100

u

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21

24

27

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127

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O O O O O

I____I____I____I____I____I____I____I____1_


10

i i i i i iJFMAMJ JASONDJFMAMJ JASOND

1998 1999

5 4


1998 1999

uu

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

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-

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EXPLANATION

B Total Phosphorus

-©- Chlorophyll a

»< Secchi

-

Eutrophic

-

Mesotrophic^<^^~^ ~ ~ ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ ~^^^^G

Oligotrophic

-


YEAR

Surface total phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations, Secchi depths, and TSI data for Whitefish Lake, South Site, near Gordon, Wisconsin.

(Circles on the first three plots indicate laboratory detection limit for selected analyses.Actual concentrations for these particular analyses are less than the plotted circles.)128

424608088414800 WHITEWATER LAKE NEAR WHITEWATER, WI

LOCATION.--Lat 42°46'08", long 88°41'48", in NW 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.35, T.4 N., R.15 E., Walworth County, Hydrologic Unit 07090001, at outlet, 5.0 mi southeast of Whitewater and 10.0 mi north of Delavan.

DRAINAGE AREA.--10.9 mi2 , of which 8.5 mi2 is non-contributing.

PERIOD OF RECORD.-November 1990 to current year.

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 861.00 ft above sea level, revised, (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources).

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Point of zero flow of dam crest is 10.97 ft. Rainfall data published in 1991 under this station number are now stored under station number 424559088420300.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height, 11.42 ft, June 18, 19, 1996; minimum daily gage height, 8.89 ft, Oct. 2, 3, 1991.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum gage height, 11.41 ft, Apr. 24, 25; minimum daily gage height, 10.53 ft, Sept. 25, 26.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT NOV DEC JAN FEE APR MAY JUN AUG SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

10.9210.9110.9310.9410.94

10.9910.9811.0211.0211.03

11.0411.0411.0211.0211.01

11.0110.9511.0511.0511.07

11.0711.0611.0611.0511.05

11.0511.0611.0611.0611.0611.03

11.0211.0710.91

10.9511.0011.0111.0111.00

11.0011.0010.9410.9311.12

11.1311.1211.1111.1111.11

11.1011.0510.9811.0211.02

11.0111.0511.0511.0511.05

11.0511.0511.0511.0511.07

11.0411.1310.93

11.0711.0811.0811.0811.08

11.0911.1211.1311.1211.11

11.1111.1111.1111.1011.10

11.1011.0911.1011.0811.08

11.0811.0711.0711.0711.07

11.0711.0611.0611.0711.0811.08

11.0911.1311.06

11.0811.0811.0711.0711.07

11.0711.0711.0711.0811.08

11.0811.0811.0811.0811.08

11.0811.0711.0711.0711.07

11.0711.0711.0711.0711.07

11.0711.0711.0711.0611.0511.05

11.0711.0811.05

11.0511.0511.0411.0411.04

11.0411.0511.0511.0811.19

11.2211.2611.2511.2411.23

11.2311.2211.2211.2111.20

11.1911.1811.1711.1711.18

11.1811.1811.18

______

11.1511.2611.04

11.1811.1811.1611.1611.15

11.1711.1611.1611.1711.17

11.1711.1711.1611.1611.16

11.1611.1611.1411.1311.12

11.1211.1111.1111.1011.09

11.0811.0811.0811.0711.0611.07

11.1311.1811.06

11.0611.0611.0911.1411.13

11.1311.1211.1211.1411.19

11.1811.1711.1611.1611.15

11.1611.1511.1411.1311.13

11.1411.2011.3511.3811.36

11.3811.3711.3611.3311.32

11.2011.3811.06

11.2811.3211.2911.2911.27

11.2811.2811.2511.2411.22

11.2111.2311.2211.2011.19

11.1911.2511.2811.2811.26

11.2311.1911.1811.1811.19

11.1711.1611.1511.1411.1411.14

11.2211.3211.14

11.1411.1511.1911.1911.19

11.1911.2111.1911.1711.20

11.2811.2511.3311.3411.30

11.2711.0410.9910.9910.98

10.9810.9710.9710.9710.96

10.9610.9610.9610.9510.95

---

11.1111.3410.95

10.9510.9511.0911.1011.07

11.0511.0511.0511.0411.02

11.0010.9910.9810.9610.91

10.9010.9410.9510.9410.95

10.9510.9510.9810.9710.97

10.9810.9910.9810.9810.9710.97

10.9911.1010.90

10.9510.9210.9010.8810.87

10.8510.8310.8310.8210.82

10.8110.8310.8310.8210.81

10.7910.7810.7810.7810.78

10.7810.7710.7710.7710.76

10.7610.7610.7610.7710.7710.77

10.8110.9510.76

10.7710.7610.7610.7510.73

10.7210.7010.6910.6710.64

10.6310.6210.6110.6010.58

10.5710.5610.5610.5510.57

10.5710.5610.5510.5410.53

10.5310.5510.6710.7110.71

---

10.6310.7710.53

129

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 42°49'15", long 88°08'39", in NW 1/4 SW 1/4 sec.9, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake. PERIOD OF RECORD.-February 1985 to current year.REMARKS.-Lake sampled near center at the deep hole. Lake ice-covered during February sampling. Water-quality analyses done by Wisconsin



Feb-ll Jun-23

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplankton (ng/L)Depth of sample (m)Water temoerature (°C)Specific conductance (nS/cm)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + NOB, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, ammonia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, amm. + org., total (as N)Nitrogen, total (as N)Color (Pt-Co. scale)Turbidity (NTU)Hardness, (as CaC03 )Calcium, dissolved (Ca)Magnesium, dissolved (Mg)Sodium, dissolved (Na)Potassium, dissolved (K)Alkalinity, (as CaC0 3 )Sulfate, dissolved (S0 4 )Chloride, dissolved (Cl)Silica, dissolved (Si02 )Solids, dissolved, at 180°CIron, dissolved (Fe) ug/LManganese, dissolved (Mn)

7.23 7.28--- 1.2 10.7

0.5 12.5 0.5 14.54.9 3.1 10.8 10.2605 791 669 6807.7 7.4 8.2 8.213.5 8.1 10.5 9.50.029 0.032

--- <0.002 ---0.31 ---

--- --- 0.122 ------ --- 1.2 ---___ 1.5

204.4250

___ ___ 54 ___28 383.4

___ 191 ___47

___ 78 0.03 ---

392

0.523.55747.88.4

0.030_________________________________-_________________

8.441.79.615.019.75997.21.8

0.036---__________________---____________------_________

14.013.66657.30.4

0.107---__________________---______------------_________

0.7

2-11-99

10 15 20

4-08-99


w fs 6za 9fcwQ 12

W.T.

D.O.

10 20 30

u

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0 10 20 30 WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELSIUS

6-23-99

0 5 10 15 20

10 20 30

10


1 *z3C 9fc ttiQ 12

15

X S.C.

PH

u

3

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10

550 600 650 700 750 800 550 600 650 700 750 800 "550 600 650 700 750 800


130

424915088083900 WIND LAKE AT WIND LAKE, WI-CONTINUED


Jul-27 Aug-25

Lake stage (ft)Secchi-depth (m)Chlorophyll a, phytoplanktonDepth of saitple (m)Water tencerature (°C)Specific conductance (MS/on)pH (units)Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)Phosphorus, total (as P)Phosphorus, ortho, dissolved (as P)Nitrogen, N02 + N03, diss. (as N)Nitrogen, artrtiDnia, dissolved (as N)Nitrogen, arrai. + org., total (as N)

0.528.05728.18.5

0.033

2.027.85718.28.4

0.033

8.13 1.16.007.020.86057.30.0

0.038

11.014.26487.20.0

0.100

15.013.86587.20.0

0.132

0.522.15778.17.6

0.0310.003<0.0100.009i ^

7.021.35857.72.3

0.034

7.81 1.111.010.015.06577.00.0

0.063

12.014.06717.00.0

0.097

14.013.86807.00.0

0.113

7-27-99 8-25-99


u

3

6

9

12

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10 20 30 0

WATER TEMPERATURE (W.T.), IN DEGREES CELCIUS


(0

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550 600 650 700 750 800 550 600 650 700 750 800


131

TR

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424848088083100 WIND LAKE OUTLET AT WIND LAKE, WI

LOCATION.~Lat 42°48'48" long 88°08'31", in NE 1/4 NW 1/4 sec.16, T.4 N., R.20 E., Racine County, Hydrologic Unit 07120006, at Wind Lake.

DRAINAGE AREA.-39.6 mi2 .


REVISED RECORDS.-WDR WI-91-1: 1988(m).

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder and concrete dam. Datum of gage is 760.30 ft above sea level. Prior to Oct. 2, 1987, nonrecording gage at same site and datum.

REMARKS.--No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Lake level regulated by dam with two 10-foot gates at outlet. Lake ice-covered Dec. 27 to Mar. 17. Prior to October 1987, published as Wind Lake at Wind Lake, Wis.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height, 8.93 ft, June 15, 1999; minimum recorded, 5.95 ft, Jan. 2, 1996.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.~Maximum recorded gage height, 8.93 ft, June 15; minimum recorded, 7.07 ft, Mar. 30.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

OCT NOV DEC JAN FEE MAR AUG SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

8.158.138.158.188.21

8.268.278.258.208.18

8.188.198.218.208.22

8.318.418.418.308.25

8.248.268.288.298.27

8.248.178.168.158.168.17

8.238.418.13

8.198.208.218.218.21

8.208.198.198.198.34

8.338.248.168.158.11

8.048.068.068.088.16

8.188.188.208.208.21

8.228.228.218.198.18 -

8.188.348.04

8.127.987.857.737.60

7.507.457.347.247.18

7.187.177.197.207.21

7.227.237.227.247.24

7.267.237.247.267.27

7.287.307.307.337.347.35

7.368.127.17

7.357.427.517.537.55

7.587.597.617.637.63

7.617.617.617.607.58

7.537.497.447.367.27

7.227.277.407.617.73

7.717.607.527.417.297.29

7.507.737.22

7.337.367.417.427.36

7.297.207.147.137.14

7.237.417.417.347.27

7.227.187.147.147.15

7.197.197.197.147.15

7.177.207.24______

7.247.427.13

7.267.307.357.357.35

7.357.307.277.267.25

7.227.197.177.177.16

7.157.217.287.307.34

7.377.347.317.257.18

7.127.117.107.107.097.09

7.247.377.09

7.127.157.207.267.28

7.307.297.287.447.51

7.487.367.257.197.22

7.407.537.647.747.76

7.797.908.328.518.52

8.468.378.308.218.20

7.678.527.12

8.218.218.208.138.09

8.228.318.338.328.28

8.228.278.318.328.30

8.308.368.298.248.17

8.118.158.238.338.38

8.358.298.258.208.188.18

8.258.388.09

8.228.248.198.228.25

8.298.358.378.388.41

8.478.468.588.828.91

8.918.848.718.558.40

8.298.288.448.488.41

8.328.268.308.348.33---

8.438.918.19

8.348.348.348.348.32

8.308.268.238.228.20

8.188.178.148.128.09

8.088.138.158.158.15

8.158.158.168.168.15

8.148.138.118.088.078.07

8.188.348.07

8.058.017.987.967.94

7.917.907.907.887.89

7.887.877.887.867.83

7.817.817.797.827.81

7.807.797.797.817.81

7.797.787.787.767.737.71

7.858.057.71

7.707.697.687.677.66

7.647.617.607.577.54

7.527.517.527.507.49

7.477.467.457.457.46

7.447.427.417.407.38

7.377.407.667.727.70

7.547.727.37

133

04082500 LAKE WINNEBAGO AT OSHKOSH, WI

LOCATION.-Lat 44°00'35", long 88°31'38", in NE 1/4 NE 1/4 sec.25, T.18 N., R.16 E., Winnebago County, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, at 905 Bay Shore Drive, 800 ft east of mouth of the upper Fox River.

DRAINAGE AREA.-5,880 mi2 , at lake outlet at Menasha Dam. Area of Lake Winnebago, 215 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.--October 1938 to current year in reports of Geological Survey. Records from 1882 to 1938 in files of Geological Survey and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. A report on Fox River by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, published as House Document No. 146, 67th Congress, 2nd session, contains semi-monthly records of inflow of Lake Winnebago for the period 1896-1917.

REVISED RECORD.-WDR WI-83-1: Drainage area.

GAGE.-Water-stage recorder. Nonrecording gage read once daily October 1938 to October 1978. Datum of gage is 745.05 ft above mean tide at New York City (levels by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). Datum of Deuchman gage is 745.00 ft above mean tide at New York City.

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah, which are oper ated in the interest of navigation. Crests of both dams are at elevation 746.73 ft. Present limits of regulation are from 21 1/4 in. above the crest of Menasha dam to crest during navigation season, plus additional 18 in. below crest during winter. Oshkosh staff gage gives true level of lake, while Deuchman gage readings are affected by loss of head in the channel between lake and dam. Data-collection platform at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum gage height observed, 5.33 ft (Deuchman gage) Nov. 8, 1881; minimum observed, -2.00 ft (Deuchman gage) Nov. 28, 1891.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.-Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.22 ft, July 22; minimum recorded, 1.65 ft, Feb. 11 and Mar. 28.


DAILY MEAN VALUES


1 2.62 2.79 2.46 2.11 1.85 1.91 1.96 2.63 3.04 2.94 3.04 2.922 2.63 2.82 2.45 2.12 1.83 1.89 1-98 2.63 3.06 2.98 3.03 2.933 2.67 2.75 2.43 2.15 1.81 1.90 2.11 2.62 3.09 3.00 3.01 2.924 2.63 2.69 2.42 2.15 1.80 1.89 2.19 2.62 3.06 3.02 3.01 2.925 2.65 2.69 2.40 2.14 1.77 1.86 2.29 2.61 3.00 3.02 3.03 2.90

6 2.65 2.66 2.38 2.14 1.75 1.85 2.13 2.62 2.99 3.07 3.00 2.917 2.70 2.66 2.40 2.13 1.73 1.84 2.32 2.64 2.95 3.08 2.94 2.898 2.73 2.65 2.36 2.11 1.72 1.84 2.40 2.71 2.98 3.07 2.95 2.839 2.71 2.66 2.35 2.10 1.71 1.82 2.52 2.78 2.97 3.03 2.89 2.82

10 2.73 2.51 2.33 2.09 1.70 1.83 2.50 2.78 2.96 3.07 2.87 2.79

11 2.74 2.57 2.31 2.08 1.72 1.83 2.49 2.78 2.99 3.05 2.89 2.8112 2.69 2.70 2.31 2.08 1.79 1.83 2.52 2.85 2.98 3.01 2.89 2.7613 2.72 2.68 2.30 2.08 1.80 1.83 2.60 2.85 3.01 2.96 2.93 2.7514 2.75 2.66 2.27 2.07 1.82 1.82 2.64 2.83 3.00 2.90 2.95 2.7415 2.74 2.68 2.26 2.05 1.83 1.82 2.67 2.86 2.97 2.89 2.93 2.75

16 2.71 2.69 2.24 2.03 1.85 1.82 2.71 2.87 2.97 2.86 2.89 2.7517 2.74 2.71 2.24 2.03 1.88 1.79 2.67 3.01 2.95 2.91 2.91 2.7418 2.67 2.71 2.20 2.05 1.89 1.84 2.68 3.05 2.93 2.88 2.94 2.7219 2.74 2.55 2.19 2.04 1.88 1.83 2.68 3.12 2.90 2.96 2.96 2.6920 2.75 2.67 2.21 2.02 1.89 1.82 2.66 3.09 2.87 3.05 2.95 2.73

21 2.75 2.66 2.09 1.99 1.89 1.84 2.64 3.08 2.85 3.19 2.97 2.7122 2.74 2.60 2.12 2.00 1.89 1.87 2.71 3.10 2.82 3.22 2.97 2.6823 2.74 2.56 2.15 2.03 1.88 1.85 2.70 3.04 2.82 3.17 2.99 2.7024 2.73 2.61 2.14 2.04 1.88 1.90 2.61 3.08 2.85 3.12 3.01 2.6925 2.75 2.55 2.13 2.03 1.89 1.91 2.60 3.05 2.86 3.09 3.02 2.66

26 2.76 2.56 2.13 2.01 1.88 1.91 2.59 3.04 2.84 3.00 3.02 2.6427 2.77 2.54 2.12 1.98 1.89 1.92 2.60 3.01 2.86 2.97 3.01 2.7328 2.79 2.52 2.12 1.96 1.90 1.89 2.60 3.01 2.95 2.94 3.01 2.7729 2.78 2.50 2.12 1.93 1.91 2.58 3.00 2.95 2.96 3.04 2.7730 2.75 2.43 2.12 1.90 1.95 2.60 2.99 2.93 2.98 2.97 2.7131 2.78 2.12 1.88 1.94 2.97 3.00 2.92

MEAN 2.72 2.63 2.25 2.05 1.83 1.86 2.50 2.88 2.95 3.01 2.97 2.78MAX 2.79 2.82 2.46 2.15 1.90 1.95 2.71 3.12 3.09 3.22 3.04 2.93MIN 2.62 2.43 2.09 1.88 1.70 1.79 1.96 2.61 2.82 2.86 2.87 2.64

134

04084255 LAKE WINNEBAGO NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, WI

LOCATION.~Lat 44°04'17", long 88°19'52", Stockbridge Indian Reservation, Calumet County, Hydrologic Unit 04030203, on east shore of Lake Winnebago, 300 ft south of County Highway E and 1.6 mi west of Stockbridge.

DRAINAGE AREA.--5.880 mi2 , at lake outlet at Menasha Dam. Area of Lake Winnebago, 215 mi2 .

PERIOD OF RECORD.-November 1982 to current year.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder. Datum of gage is 745.05 ft above mean tide of New York City (levels by U. S. Army Corps of Engineers).

REMARKS.-No estimated daily gage heights. Records good. Lake elevations controlled by dams at Menasha and Neenah, which are oper ated in the interest of navigation. Crests of both dams are at elevation 746.73 ft. Present limits of regulation are from 21 1/4 in. above the crest of Menasha dam to crest during navigation season, plus additional 18 in. below crest during winter. Data-collection platform at station.

EXTREMES FOR PERIOD OF RECORD.-Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.85 ft, July 9,11, 1993; minimum observed, 0.30 ft, Mar. 1, 1986.

EXTREMES FOR CURRENT YEAR.~Maximum daily mean gage height, 3.21 ft, July 9; minimum recorded, 1.60 ft, Feb. 8.


DAILY MEAN VALUES

DAY OCT DEC JAN MAR MAY AUG SEP

12345

6789

10

1112131415

1617181920

2122232425

262728293031

MEANMAXMIN

2.632.582.482.492.48

2.652.722.682.692.70

2.692.742.782.692.65

2.672.732.852.812.79

2.712.732.732.732.71

2.722.742.752.702.722.72

2.692.852.48

2.672.552.572.632.64

2.652.622.622.592.91

2.892.712.662.672.70

2.632.682.632.782.73

2.662.642.652.582.54

2.552.502.482.462.50---

2.642.912.46

2.502.422.392.372.36

2.382.372.382.362.37

2.362.292.262.282.27

2.232.242.172.192.14

2.202.192.112.112.08

2.092.082.082.092.092.08

2.242.502.08

2.072.092.132.112.10

2.102.082.072.062.06

2.042.042.042.022.00

1.991.992.022.001.97

1.951.962.002.001.99

1.961.941.921.891.861.83

2.012.131.83

1.801.791.761.771.73

1.711.691.671.681.66

1.681.771.771.771.79

1.821.841.841.841.85

1.851.841.831.831.85

1.831.851.88______

1.791.881.66

1.871.851.871.841.82

1.811.801.781.771.79

1.801.791.791.781.78

1.771.791.841.781.78

1.821.841.871.841.85

1.871.871.911.951.931.94

1.831.951.77

1.911.932.002.122.15

2.272.322.292.212.33

2.382.542.592.612.61

2.552.612.652.652.63

2.562.402.442-562.57

2.552.462.432.522.57---

2.412.651.91

2.592.592.562.532.49

2.652.802.762.742.69

2.702.682.682.762.81

2.842.993.093.083.06

3.063.033.123.133.11

3.033.002.982.982.972.98

2.853.132.49

2.963.023.043.002.98

2.983.022.972.952.97

3.003.003.002.993.01

2.972.962.942.892.86

2.842.842.862.872.88

2.872.872.923.002.97

2.953.042.84

2.993.013.033.093.13

3.203.173.083.213.18

3.173.153.143.133.06

3.033.033.023.093.07

3.173.193.173.123.06

3.012.952.952.982.973.05

3.083.212.95

3.013.003.013.033.02

2.952.902.852.862.86

2.852.852.862.892.90

2.932.912.862.882.91

2.942.962.942.912.95

2.972.983.002.922.892.88

2.923.032.85

2.882.892.882.872.88

2.872.852.862.892.86

2.752.752.822.792.72

2.692.692.702.692.66

2.652.692.652.622.61

2.642.682.682.742.79___

2.762.892.61

135

WISCONSIN DISTRICT PUBLICATIONS PERTAINING TO LAKES

The reports published in a U.S. Geological Survey series are for sale by the U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25425, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. Prepayment is required. Remittance should be sent by check or money order payable to the U.S. Geological Survey. Prices can be obtained by writing to the above address or by calling (303) 236-7476. Reprints of journal articles may be obtained by writing directly to the author at U.S. Geological Survey, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, Wl 53562.

1999

Lathrop, R.C., Carpenter, S.R., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Summer water clarity responses to phosphorus, Daphnia grazing, and internal mixing in Lake Mendota, Limnology and Ocean ography, Vol. 44 (1), p. 137-146.

Krohelski, J.T., Feinstein, D.T., and Lenz, B.N., 1999, Simulation of stage and hydrologic bidget for Shell Lake, Washburn County, Wisconsin, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4209, 23 p.

Panuska, J.C., and Robertson, D.M., 1999, Estimating phosphorus concentrations following alum treatment using apparent settling velocities, Lakes and Reservoir Management, Vol. 15(1), p. 28-38.

1998

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Improving a complex finite-difference ground water flow model through the use of an analytic element screening model, Ground Water, Vol. 36, No. 6, p. 1011-1017.

Hunt, R.J, Anderson, M.P., and Kelson, V.A., 1998, Linking an analytic element flow code to MOD- FLOW - Implementation and benefits, p. 477-504 in MODFLOW98: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of the International Ground Water Center. Golden, CO: Colorado School of Mines.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Gilmour, C.C., Benoit, J.M., Babiarz, C.L, Andren, A.W., and Hurley, J.P., 1998, Methyl mercury dyanmics in littoral sediments of a temperate lake, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 55, p. 835-844.

Robertson, D.M., Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L., and James, W.F., 1998, Dynamics in phosphorus re tention in wetlands upstream of Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, Lakes and Reservoir Management, Vol. 14, No. 4, p. 466-477.

Rose, W.J., and Robertson, D.M., 1998, Hydrology, water quality, and phosphorus loading of Kir- by Lake, Barren County, Wisconsin, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-066-98, 4 p.

Walker, J.F. and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 1998, Groundwater and surface-water interactions in riparian and lake-dominated systems, in Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J.J. eds., Isotope tracers in catch ment hydrology, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 839 P.

1997

Elder, J.F., Manion, B.J., and Goddard, G.L., 1997, Mesocosm experiments to assess factors af fecting phosphorus retention and release in an extended Wisconsin wetland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4272, 14 p.

Goddard, G.L., and Elder, J.F., 1997, Retention of sediments and nutrients in Jackson Creek Wet land near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993-95, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources In vestigations Report 97-4014, 22 p.

136

Hornewer, N.J., Johnson, G.P., Robertson, D.M. and Hondzo, M., 1997, Field-scale tests for determining mixing patterns associated with coarse-bubble air diffuser configurations, Egan Quarry, Illinois, In: Environmental and Coastal Hydraulics: Protecting the Aquatic Habitat, Proceedings of the International Association of Hydraulic Research, San Francisco, CA, USA, p. 57-63.

Robertson, D.M., 1997, Regionalized loads of sediment and phosphorus to Lakes Michigan and Superior - High flow and long-term average, Journal of Great Lakes Research, Vol. 23, p. 416- 439.

1996

Anderson, W.L., Robertson, D.M., and Magnuson, J.J., 1996, Evidence of recent warming and El Nino-related variation in ice breakup of Wisconsin lakes, Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 41, p. 815-821.

Elder, J.F. and Goddard, G.L., 1996, Sediment and nutrient trapping efficiency of a constructed wetland near Delavan Lake, Wisconsin, 1993-1995: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS- 232-96.

Garn, H.S., Olson, D.L., Seidel, T.L., and Rose, W.J., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Lau- derdale Lakes, Walworth County, Wisconsin, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Re sources Investigations Report 96-4235, 29 p.

Hunt, R.J. and Krohelski, J.T., 1996, The application of an analytical element model to investigate groundwater-lake interactions at Pretty Lake, Wisconsin, Lake and Reservoir Management, Vol. 12, p. 487-495.

Imberger, J., Robertson, D.M., and Boland, K., 1996, Lake Number: A quantitative indicator of mixing to be used in water quality management. Scientific Impeller, Solna, Sweden, No. 4, p. 9-15.

Kammerer, P.A., Jr., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, Sourth-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survy Fact Sheet FS-197-96.

Robertson, D.M., Field, S.J, Elder, J.F., Goddard, G.L, and James, W.F., 1996, Phosphorus dy namics of Delavan Lake Inlet in southeastern Wisconsin. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Re sources Investigations Report 96-4160, 18 p.

1995

Assel, R.A. and Robertson, D.M. 1995, Changes in winter air temperatures near Lake Michigan during 1851 -1993, as determined from regional lake-ice records, Limnology and Oceanogra phy, v. 40, p 165-176.

Assel, R.A., Robertson, D.M., Hoff, M.H., and Selgeby, J.H., 1995, Climatic-change implications from long-term (1823-1994) ice records near the Laurentian Great Lakes: Annals of Glaciolo- gy, v. 21, p. 383-386.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Transient hydrogeological controls on the chemistry of a seepage lake: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 9, p. 2295-2305.

Krohelski, J.T. and Batten, W.G., 1995, Simulation of stage and the hydrologic budget of Devils Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-348, 22 p.

Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Webster, K.E., 1995, Long-term hydrologic and biogeochemical re sponses of a soft water seepage lake in north central Wisconsin: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 1, p 199-212.

137

1994

Elder, J.F., 1994, Distribution and grain-size partitioning of metals in bottom sediments of an ex perimentally acidified lake: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 30, no. 2, p. 251-259.

Goddard, G.L., and Field, S.J., 1994, Hydrology and water quality of Whitewater and Rice Lakes in southeastern Wisconsin, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4101,36 p.

Greb, S.R., and Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemical budgets, in Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983-86: Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study, Volume 1: Madison, Wis consin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL-RS-909-94, Chapter 7, 20 p.

Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Babiarz, C.L., and Andren, A.W., 1994, Cycling processes of mer cury across sediment/water interfaces in seepage lakes, in Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Soci ety, Washington, D.C., p. 426-449.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bowser, C.J., Kendall, C., and Gat, J.R., 1994, Use of oxygen-19 and deuteri um to assess the hydrology of ground-water/lake systems, in Baker, L.A. ed., Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs: Advances in Chemistry Series, American Chemical Soci ety, Washington, D.C., p. 67-90.

Robertson, D.M., Anderson, W., and Magnuson, J.J., 1994, Relations between El Nino/Southern Oscillation events and the climate and ice cover of lakes in Wisconsin. P 48-57, in Greenland, D. ed., El Nino and Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Sites: Publication No. 18. LTER Network Office: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., 57 p.

Robertson, D.M. and Imberger, J. 1994, Lake Number, a quantitative indicator of mixing used to estimate changes in dissolved oxygen, Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie, v. 79, p. 159-176.

Watras, C.J., Bloom, N.S., Hurley, J.P., Fitzgerald, W.F., Andren, A.W., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Porcella, D.B., 1994, Sources and fates of mercury and methylmercury in Wisconsin lakes, in Watras and Huckabee eds., Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Intergration and Synthesis, Lewis Pub., Chelsea, ML, p 153-177.

Wentz, D.A., 1994, Chemistry of snowpack and ground water, in Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983-86: Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study, Volume 1: Mad ison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL-RS-909-94, Chapter 6, 45 p.

Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., and Rose, W.J., 1994, Hydrology, in Klepinger, K.E., ed., RILWAS 1983-86: Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake Watershed Acidification Study, Volume 1: Mad ison, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL-RS-909-94, Chapter 7, 74 p.

1993

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Powers Lake, southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4126, 36 p.

Field, S.J., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of Wind Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geo logical Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4107, 61 p.

House, L.B., 1993, Simulation of the effects of hypothetical residential development on water levels in Graber Pond, Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4029, 10 p.

138

House, L.B., Waschbusch, R.J., and Hughes, P.E., 1993, Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987-88: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-172, 57 p.

Hughes, P.E., 1993, Hydrology, water quality, trophic status, and aquatic plants of Fowler Lake, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4076, 44 p.

Rose, W.J., 1993, Hydrology of Little Rock Lake in Vilas County, north-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4139, 22 p.

Rose, W.J., 1993, Water and phosphorus budgets and trophic state, Balsam Lake, northwestern Wisconsin, 1987-1989: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4125, 28 p.

1992

Elder, J.F., Krabbenhoft, D.P, and Walker, J.F., 1992, Water, energy, and biogeochemical bud gets (WEBB) program: Data availability and research at the northern temperate lakes site, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-48, 15 p.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Babiarz, C.L., 1992, Role of groundwater transport in aquatic mercury cy cling: Water Resources Research, vol. 28, no. 12, p. 3119-3128.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Krohelski, J.T., 1992, Data on water quality, lake sediment, and lake-level fluctuation, St. Croix Indian Reservation, Wisconsin, 1981-87: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 92-26, 53 p.

Robertson, D.M., Ragotzkie, R.A., and Magnuson, J.J. 1992, Lake ice records used to detect his torical and future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, p. 407-427.

1991

Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1991, Hydrology of Lakes Clara and Vandercook in North-Central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4204, 24 p.

Watras, C.J., Andre, A.W., Bloom, N.S., Fitzgerald, W.F., Hurley, J.P., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Rada, R.G., Wiener, J.G., 1991, Mercury in temperate lakes: a mechanistic field study: Verhandlun- gen Internat. Verein. Limnologie, 24, p. 2199-2202.

Pre-1990

Walker, J.F., Pickard, S.A., and Sonzogni, W.C., 1989 Spreadsheet watershed modeling for non- point-source pollution management in a Wisconsin basin: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 25, no. 1, p. 139-147.

Wentz, D.A., Garrison, P.J., and Bockheim, J.G., 1989, Section 7 Chemical input-output bud gets, in Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake-Water shed Acidification Study (RILWAS): 1981-1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute Report EA-6214, p. 7-1 to 7-30.

Wentz, D.A., and Rose, W.J., 1989, Interrelationships among hydrologic-budget components of a northern Wisconsin seepage lake and implications for acid-deposition modeling: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 18, p. 147-155.

Wentz, D.A., Rose, W.J., and Krohelski, J.T., 1989, Section 5 Hydrologic component, in Knauer, D., and Brouwer, S.A., eds., The Wisconsin Regional Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (RILWAS): 1981-1983: Palo Alto, California, Electric Power Research Institute Report EA-6214, p. 5-1 to 5-77.

139

Field, S.J., and Duerk, M.D., 1988, Hydrology and water quality of Delavan Lake in southeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4168, 61 p.

Krug, W.R., Ostenso, N.A., and Krohelski, J.T., 1988, Prediction of the effects of mine dewatering on four lakes near Crandon, Wisconsin, by use of a water-budget model: U.S. Geological Sur vey Open-File Report 87-471, 63 p.

Wentz, D.A., Krohelski, J.T., Rose, W.J., Bockheim, J.G., Garrison, P.J., Knauer, D.R., and Gold- stein, R.A., 1987, Hydrologic and chemical budgets of Wisconsin lakes, in Perrry, R., Harrison, R.M., Bel, J.N.B., and Lester, J.N., eds., Acid Rain: Scientific and Technical Advances, Selper Ltd., London, p. 309-316.

House, L.B., 1986, Stage fluctuations of Wisconsin Lakes: Wisconsin Geological and Natural His tory Survey Information Circular No. 49, 84 p.

House, L.B., 1984, Effects of urbanization on three ponds in Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geolog ical Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4051, 17 p.

Krug, W.R., and House, L.B., 1984, Evaluation of alternative reservoir-management practices in the Rock River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4186, 21 p.

House, L.B., 1981, An assessment of streamflow, water quality, and the effects of construction on impoundment on Bridge Creek at Augusta, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81-1192, 25 p.

Krug, W.R., 1981, Hydrologic effects of proposed changes in management practices, Winnebago Pool, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 80-107, 19 p.

Batten, W.G., and Hindall, S.M., 1980, Sediment deposition in the White River Reservoir, north western Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2069, 30 p.

Novitzki, R.P., and Holmstrom, B.K., 1979, Monthly and annual water budgets of Lake Wingra, Madison, Wisconsin, 1971-77: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 79-100,31 p.

Rose, W.J., 1977, Hydrologic considerations associated with dredging spring ponds in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 77-18, 35 p.

Oakes, E.L., Hendrickson, G.E., and Zuehls, E.E., 1975, Hydrology of the Lake Wingra basin, Dane County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations 17-75, 31 p.

Novitzki, R.P., 1971, Hydrologic investigations of Heart Lake, Green Lake County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report, 9 p.

140

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