water presentation gloria wilfredo

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Water Resources & Pollution Gloria Blanco Wilfredo Amiot

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Page 1: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Water Resources &

Pollution

Gloria BlancoWilfredo Amiot

Page 2: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Water ResourcesWater is a vital resource that sustains life,

moderates climate, shapes the earth’s surface, and provides habitat for many

organisms.

Page 3: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Freshwater Less than 1% of global water is

available as freshwater. Some sources Include:

Groundwater- Water which infiltrates the ground and perco- lates downward through the soil, gravel, and porous rock layers until it reaches a non-permeable rock layer.

Zone of Aeration- First few levels below the soil’s surface which traps mostly air instead of water.

Zone of Saturation- Deeper subsurface layer with all porous space filled with water.

Page 4: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Freshwater Source: Groundwater Water Table- The upper limit of the zone

of saturation. Natural/Lateral Recharge- Groundwater

in aquifers are replenished through the percolation of precipitation OR the movement of water from rivers and streams.

Watershed- Drainage basin; land surrounding large bodies of water that contribute to surface runoff.

Page 5: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Depletion Populations rely heavily on aquifers to run

properly. Overdraft- Withdrawals exceed recharge and

water tables begin to fall. Land Subsidence- Overdraft from the the

aquifer can cause the land above the reservoir collapse.

Page 6: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Increasing Supplies Desalination- Process which removes

dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish seas and lakes. Reverse Osmosis- Push saline water through

membranes that separate salt from water. Distillation- Evaporating the water and

collecting it as it condenses, leaving the salt behind.

Page 7: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Water Pollution1. Water Pollution: is any chemical,

biological, or physical change in water quality that has harmful effects on living organism or uses:

Page 8: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Major Categories of water pollutants Infectious Agents: such as bacteria,

viruses and protozoa Oxygen-Demanding wastes: organic

waste Inorganic chemicals: acids, compounds of

toxic metals and salts Organic chemicals: oil, gasoline and

pesticides and plastic Plant nutrients: nitrates and phosphates Sediment: soil and silt Radioactive Materials: uranium, radon Thermal Pollution: Excessive heat.

Page 9: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Water pollution can come from single or multiple sources. Point Sources: discharge pollutants at

specific locations through drain pipes, ditches, or sewer lines into the water surface. Such as factories. Nonpoint Sources: are scattered and

diffuse and cannot be traced to any single site of discharge.

Such as runoff and precipitation.

Page 10: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Human activities can overload lakes with plant nutrients and kill marine life. Eutrophication: the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates and nitrates) that stimulate the growthof aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen.

Cultural Eutrophication: is the process of human activities near urban or agricultural areas that input excess plant nutrients into

bodies of water.

Page 11: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

In parts of the world’s oceans are dump sites for toxic materials and garbage from ships. Dredge spoils: The discharge from a

dredge, materials often with toxic metals and scrape from bottoms of harbor and rivers to maintain shipping channel.

Septic Tank: A sewage-disposal tank in which a continuous flow

of waste materialis decomposed by anaerobic bacteria.

Page 12: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Treatments to reduce water pollution

Primary sewage treatment: It is a physical process that uses screens and a grit tank to remove large floating objects and solids such as sand and rock.

Page 13: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Water Pollution Secondary sewage treatment: It is a

biological process in which aerobic bacteria remove up to 90% of dissolved and biodegradable, oxygen-demanding organic wastes.

Page 14: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Advanced or tertiary sewage treatment: It is a series of specialized chemical and physical process that remove specific pollutants left in the water after primary and secondary treatment.

Page 15: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Questions: 1. Of the following which constitutes the greatest percent of

use for water withdrawn in the world today(a). Flushing toilets in residential homes(b). Drinking water (human consumption)(c). Smelting of metal in manufacturing(d). Irrigation for food production(e). Coolant water for electricity produced by coal

2. Which of the following would least likely reduce the nutrient loading into the Chesapeake Bay estuary?

(a). Replanting of riparian zones and sea grass beds(b). Upgrade of current sewage treatment plants(c). Improvement of manure containment lagoons in feedlots(d). Government subsidies for cotton crops(e). Re-introduction of native oyster beds

Page 16: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Questions: 3. Which of the following river conditions would yield the

highest dissolved oxygen content?(a). Fast-moving cold water, large amounts of submerged vegetative

biomass(b). Slow-moving cool waters, large amounts of emergent vegetative

biomass(c). Slow-moving warm waters, low amounts of submerged

vegetative biomass(d). Stagnant, warm water with large clumps of algae(e). Warm water with little vegetative biomass

4. In coastal areas, withdrawing groundwater to the point where lateral recharge into the oceans becomes limited can cause

(a). Hypoxic conditions(b). Increased vertical recharge(c). Saltwater intrusion(d). Change in the zone of aeration(e). drought

Page 17: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

5. The loss of riparian land along a river would cause which of the following?

I. Increased FloodingII. Decreased turbidityIII. Increased non-point source pollution

(a). I only(b). II only(c). III only(d). I and III(e). I, II, and III

Page 18: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Questions: 6. The process of human activities near urban or agricultural areas that input

excess plant nutrients into lakes is known as?(a). artificial fertilization(b). cultural eutrophication(c). thermal pollution(d). lake stratification(e). synthetic primary production

7. Which of the following is NOT a nonpoint-source pollutant?(a). sediment loading from erosion(b). runoff of pesticides from cropland(c). animal wastes from feedlots(d). fertilizers runoff from urban lawns(e). a sewage treatment plant effluent pipe

8. A type of wastewater treatment that includes some form of physical cleaning is

I. primary treatmentII. secondary treatmentIII. tertiary treatment(a). I only(b). II only(c). III only(d). I and III(e). I, II, III

Page 19: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Questions Continued: 9. Which of the following will result in accelerated

eutrophication when introduced into streams, lakes and bays?

(a). bacteria and viruses(b). pesticides(c). herbicides(d). phosphates(e). acid wastes and salts

10. The largest source of oil pollution found in the ocean is from:

(a). urban and industrial runoff from the land(b). oil tanker accidents transporting oil between port cities(c). offshore drilling rigs in the Gulf of Mexico(d). pipeline leaks near coastal areas(e). the Alaskan pipeline

Page 20: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Answers: 1. (d). Irrigation for food production2. (d). Government subsidies for cotton crops3. (a). Fast-moving cool water, large amounts of submerged vegetative biomass4. (c). Saltwater intrusion5. (d). I and III

Page 21: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Answers: 6. (b). Cultural eutrophication7. (e). A sewage treatment plant effluent

pipe8. (d). I and III9. (d). Phosphates10. (a). Urban and industrial runoff from the

land

Page 22: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Free Response Question The Colorado River runs 1,450 miles from the headwaters

of the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of California. The river has many dams, aqueducts, and canals that divert water in order to supply water for electricity, irrigation, recreation, and domestic use.

a) Describe and discuss two environmental problems that are associated with water diversion.

b) If there is a shortage of water, choices will have to be made as to whether water should be diverted to urban areas, agricultural areas, or natural ecosystems. Make an argument for diverting water for urban consumption and an argument for permitting the flow of water to natural areas.

c) Identify another example (other than the Colorado River) of a large-scale water-diversion project. Discuss two environmental problems that have resulted, or might result, from this project.

Page 23: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Part A a). Describe and discuss two environmental problems that are associated with water diversion. Four points: one point can be earned for each of the first two appropriate descriptions of environmental problems of water diversion (additional descriptions are not scored); one point can be earned for a discussion of each of the environmental problems previously described.

Page 24: Water presentation gloria wilfredo

Part B

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Part C