Munivenkatesh.P

WATER POLLUTION

WATER o Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life.

96.5% of the planet's water is found in seas and oceans.

1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of

Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies.

0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and precipitation

WATER POLLUTION

o Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater).

o Water pollution occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water.

In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual  species and populations, but also to the natural  biological communities.

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTIONPOINT SOURCE .

NON – POINT SOURCE .

POINT SOURCE :- Point source

pollution is a specific source of pollution that can be identified.

Example: A pipe gushing colored water into a river       

NON –POINT SOURCE :-A widely spread

source of pollution that can’t be tied to a specific point of origin is called nonpoint source pollution.

Example: Runoff from a farm field, a street, or a construction

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION

Sewage in citiesDuring heavy rains or floods, sanitary sewers sometimes overflow and can pollute the surface water. If this happens, people are often told to boil water for drinking and cooking after a flood. The boiling kills many disease-causing organisms.

In rural areas, people must be careful where they locate septic tanks.

If a tank is too near a stream or on a hill, wastewater can leak into the stream or flow downhill to the area of a well.

SEWAGES IN RURAL AREA :-

INDUSTRIAL WASTE

Chemicals, smoke , and heated water are three types of pollutants produced by factories, mines, and other industries.

In the past, many industries stored toxic wastes in barrels or other containers buried underground. Over the years, however, many of these containers rusted or broke. The chemicals leaked out, polluting both the soil and the groundwater.

o When coal, oil, and gasoline are burned, the gases sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are released into the atmosphere. o The sulfur and nitrogen react with water, forming sulfuric and nitric acids . The result is acid rain.o Acid rain can affect fish, harm trees, and eat away the stone of buildings and statues

Oil refineries pollute air, water and soil . All refineries pollute the environment at unacceptable & unhealthy levels .

Oil spills are the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon. The reasons for the oil spills are damaged tankers any many ship accidents.

Tar balls it is actually a remnants of oil spills

OIL POLLUTION

disease caused by polluted water .

• Amoebiasis •Cho leRa•Dysentery •Diarrhea •Hepatitis -a• Lead poisoning •SchistosomEasis•Malaria•Typhoid•River blindness

Solving pollution problems involves cleaning up existing problems as well as preventing new ones. Many pollutants are removed from fresh water through.Plant roots filter larger particles from the water. Certain bacteria consume oil and have been used to cleanup oil spills. Wetlands have been built near coal mines to treat acidic mining runoff before it returns to the environment. Many industries have found that recycling techniques that conserve water also reduce pollution.

•There are 3 different things that can help to tackle the problem.•EDUCATION.• LAWS• ECONOMICS .