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Water Management in Phuket Water Management in Phuket

Introduction to Phuket

Phuket is the most famous province in

the Southern Thailand.

• It lies off the west coast of the

Southern Thailand to the Andaman

Sea.

• Its economy has been steadily

expanding from the past until now.

• It formerly derived its wealth from

tin mining.

• Now the tourism industry is the

largest source of income in

Phuket.

Phuket

Many water-related issues, such as flooding and shortage of

water.

potential negative impacts to its future economic

development.

Many large-scale water resource projects were already

conducted:

• Bang Ward reservoir project (constructed in 1984)

• Bang Neaw Dam reservoir project (constructed in 2006)

• Klong Katha reservoir project (constructed in 2017)

…

Still in short of water supply • for the Phuket local population • for ever-increasing inbound tourists.

Water Management in Phuket

Geography

- The Phuket Province: the Phuket island, the

largest island in Thailand, and 23 smaller islands

- 543km2

- 77% covered with mountains from north to south

- 23% are plains lying in the central and eastern

parts

- Beaches in the east coast are more often muddy,

while beaches in the west are sandy, which attract

many tourists.

Climate

- Tropical monsoon climate

- 7 months of dry season from mid-October to mid-

May, with occasional rain

- 5 months of rainy season

- Average annual rain: 2,200 millimeters

Geography and Climate in Phuket

Average annual runoff 153.29 million m3

Phuket Province

Klong Krang 45.17 million m3

คลองบางใหญ่ ( x.190 )

38.32 ล้าน ลกูบาศก์เมตร

Klong Bangyai

49.02 million m3

Klong Bang Ta

12.93 million m3

Klong Tha Yang

45.09 million m3

Klong Ao-Yon

1.08 million m3

Main Rivers and Canals in Phuket

Water source

The average runoff

in the basin (million m

3/year)

Storage capacity

(million m3)

Water storage in

capacity (million m

3)

The amount of

available water (million m

3)

Royal Irrigation

Department

Bang Ward 5.67 10.20 - -

Bang Niao Dam 6.28 7.20 - -

Klong Katha 6.04 4.32 - -

Surface water/

109 old mines - - 21.02 -

5 groundwater

basins 30.80

1,024

Groundwater well 5.11

Sub-total - 21.72 21.02 35.91

Total 78.65 million m3 / year

Current Water Resources in Phuket

Item Water Consumption (million m3)

2016 2017 2022 2027 2032

1. Local Consumption 52.30 52.32 54.12 55.92 57.72

2. Tourism 12.07 18.44 24.89 33.60 45.35

Total 64.37 70.76 79.01 89.52 103.07

Water Source Current Water Volume in Phuket (million m3)

1. Bang Ward 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 10.20 - Water pumping of Bang Yai -

Bang Ward 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00

2. Bang Niew Dam

Reservoir 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20

3. Klong Katha Reservoir - - 4.32 4.32 4.32

4. Rainfall reservoir

- Bang Ward 5.67 5.67 5.67 5.67 5.67

- Bang Niew Dam 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 - Klong Katha - - 6.04 6.04 6.04 5. Phuket Water Work Authority,

Mines, the regional supply and RO

12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05 12.05

6. Phuket Municipal Water Work

Division 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65 1.65

7.Groundwater (wells) 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11

Total 56.16 56.16 62.20 62.20 62.20 Water demand 64.37 70.76 79.01 89.52 103.07

Supply-demand

balance –8.21 –14.60 –16.81 –27.32 –40.87

Estimation of water consumption in future (2017-2032), based on the analysis of past consumptions

Water Consumption in Phuket

Solutions for

water

shortage issues

1. Increase water reservoirs: (re)development of old small irrigation projects, mines, and swamps

2. Improve the water retention rate of Bang Niew Dam

3. Provide more water to Bang Niew Dam

5.Develop groundwater pumping

6. Transfer water from outside of Phuket

4. Develop the water drainage system between Bang Niew Dam Reservoir and Bang Ward Reservoir

Items

Quantity of water supply (million m3)

2016 2017 2022 2027

2032

Improve the reservoir capacity

of Bang Niew Dam - - 3.00 3.00 3.00

Construct the water drainage

system between Bang Niew

Dam and Ban Khok Tanot - - 8.00 8.00 8.00

Develop water exploitation from

mines - - 20.84 20.84 20.84

Develop water pumping of

groundwater - - 30.80 30.80 30.80

Improve the water retention

rate of approximately 5% of

annual runoff - - 7.50 7.50 7.50

Estimated water

supply increase - - 70.14 70.14 70.14

Available water

supply 56.16 56.16 62.20 62.20 62.20

Total water supply 56.16 56.16 132.34 132.34 132.34

Water demand 64.37 70.76 79.01 89.52 103.07

Supply-demand

balance –8.21 –14.60 +53.33 +42.82 +29.27

Solutions to Water Shortage in the Plan of the Royal Irrigation Department

Water Consumption in Phuket

Year Volume of

water

production

(Provincial

Water Work

Authority)

Volume of

water

purchased

from private

sectors

Volume of

water

production

(Phuket

Municipal

Water Work

Division)

Total

2015 20,038,658 11,871,953 14,979,600 46,890,211

2016 19,174,261 12,732,622 14,979,600 46,886,483

Local Population: 75,378

Annual Inbound Tourists: 13,306,455

(2016)

Water Pipelines of Phuket Provincial Water Work Authority

1. To utilize private sectors to increase the water supply for the

growing need.

Raw water resources are provided for private sectors for water products.

2. To expand the number of water users in Kamala, Rawai, and Karon.

3. To improve the main water supply pipeline; particularly in Patong.

4. Phuket municipal water resource policy.

To increase production capacity for the Phuket City and other neighboring areas.

Solution by the Phuket Provincial Water Work Authority

1. Insufficient water supply for consumption both of the

Phuket local population and increasing inbound tourists.

2. Incomplete area coverage by Phuket Provincial Water

Work Authority and by Phuket Municipal Water Work

Division.

3. Lack of land to expand the main waterline.

4. Lack of budget for water resource development and for

service area expansion.

Issues to Solve

Solutions to Water Resource Management Issues in Phuket (based on the Thai governmental innovation model)

People

Officials

and

government agencies

The government

collaboration

participation

Pracha rath People and government

Goal of the government

Wastewater Management in Phuket Area

Wastewater Management Policy

Issue 9

Pollution Management Strategy and Plan (2017- 2021)

Phuket Development Plan Strategy 4

The Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2017-2021)

Part 4: Strategy 4

Development Plan of the Province, Andaman South Coast

National Strategy 20 years (2017 - 2037)

Part 4: Strategy 4

Government Policy: Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers (Friday 12 September B.E. 2557 (2014))

Strategy 2 & 3

Government Policy: Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers (Friday 12 September B.E. 2557 (2014))

9. Maintaining the Security of the Resource Base and Creating Balance between Conservation and Sustainable Use 9.4 Manage the country’s water resources in a unified manner in all dimensions, quantitatively and qualitatively; and provide a water management plan for the country and a process which integrates the work plans and budgets of all concerned agencies so that project work plans avoid redundancy, are systematically linked and conform with water resource management policy and direction, by establishing or designating water management mechanisms as well as using high-efficiency technology in the water management and danger warning systems.

Section 4: Development Strategies

Strategy 4: Strategy for Environmentally-Friendly Growth for Sustainable Development

Development Guidelines 3.3 Solve the environmental crises: speed up the control of air pollution, waste water, solid and harzadous waste from production and consumption. Build environmentally-friendly cities or green cities to create a good environment for the people. Related development guidelines should include


3.3.2 Increase the efficiency of water quality management in the main watershed areas, particularly those facing pollution crises, by reducing wastewater from 139 the various sources. Accelerate the treatment of wastewater from households and industries. Decrease wastewater at source. Manage water quality within the entire systems: reuse treated wastewater for other purposes. Encourage Local Administration Organizations to operate wastewater treatment facilities: receiving wastewater from households and cities, collecting wastewater treatment fees to cover the costs of operation and maintenance (O&M), and monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of wastewater treatment systems.


Promote the private sector to sub-contract from the public sector for O&M in wastewater treatment systems. Amend laws and regulations under building codes regarding wastewater sources. Set permit criteria and methods of releasing wastewater into receptive ecosystems within their carrying capacity.



Domestic Wastewater Management

Prepare a master plan for community wastewater management

Water saving/ reduce the volume wastewater

Building Control Act

Cluster wastewater treatment

Create wastewater treatment plant Wastewater rate

Beneficiary Pays Principle: BPP

Polluter Pays Principle: PPP

Strategy 2 Increase the efficiency of waste treatment and disposal and pollution control at source.


Pollution Management

Pollution tax/ Administrative fees/ User fees project

Environmental Law Development project

Environmental Participation project

Social Measure (trace/ Monitoring/surveillance)

Law Enforcement Improve Environmental Law

Economic Measures (Economic Instrument)

R&D project

Strategy 3 Development of pollution management system

Phuket Development Plan (2017- 2021)

Strategy 4 Conserve restore and sustainable use of natural resources and environmentally friendly

Project Increase the efficiency of natural resources and environment through sustainable integration under public participation

Objective Create knowledge and understanding about wastewater management and environmental law

Indicator 80 percent of government/private organization , trader, and people have knowledge and understanding about wastewater management and environmental law

Output All section have knowledge and understanding about wastewater management and environmental law

Pollution Control Zone: Phuket

http://www.pcd.go.th/info_serv/pol_controlzone_a2.htm

Pollution source in Phuket Pollution Control Area

Talang

Kathu

Phuket

Wastewater Treatment

Source of wastewater : Government/ Private organization/ Hospital Hotel/ Household/ Establishment Wastewater characteristic : Domestic Wastewater Estimate wastewater in 2017 : 180,060 m3/day Wastewater Treatment Plant : 6 Plants Total Capacity : 75,700 m3/day Current total capacity : 55,700 m3/day (31% of total wastewater)

26

27

Phuket Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

Karon Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

Kathu Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

Patong Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

Cherngtalay Sub district Administrative Oganization

Wastewater Treatment Plant

Vichit Sub district Municipality Wastewater

Treatment Plant

28


Wastewater characteristic: Domestic wastewater Treatment process: Activated sludge (Oxidation Ditch) Capacity: 36,000 m3/day 29,125 m3/day Service Area : 9.6 km3 (80% of area)

29

Wastewater characteristic: Domestic wastewater Treatment process: Activated sludge (Oxidation Ditch) Capacity: 23,250 m3/day Service Area : 12 km3 (90% of area)


30

Wastewater characteristic: Domestic wastewater Treatment process: Activated sludge (Oxidation Ditch) Capacity: 6,100 m3/day (4,700 m3/day ) Service Area : 17 km3 (50% of area)

Kathu Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

31

Wastewater characteristic: Domestic wastewater Treatment process: Activated sludge (Oxidation Ditch) Capacity: 6,000 m3/day (8,000 m3/day ) 10,000 m3/day (Phase 2) Service Area : 7 km3 (35% of area)

Karon Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

32

Wastewater characteristic: Domestic wastewater Treatment process: Clustering

Capacity: 4,600 m3/day (Surin beach:1,667, Bang Tao beach 2,895)

Cherngtalay Sub district Administrative Organization Wastewater Treatment Plant

33

Wastewater characteristic: Domestic wastewater Treatment process: Activated sludge Capacity: 600 m3/day Service Area : 1 km3

Vichit Sub district Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant

(1) Rasada Subdistrict Municipality

(2) Thepkrasattre Subdistrict Municipality

(3) Srisunthon Subdistrict Municipality

(4) Chalong Subdistrict Municipality

(5) Rawai Subdistrict Municipality

(6) Paklok Subdistrict Municipality

(7) Cherngtalay Subdistrict Municipality 34

Local Administration Organizations: LAO

There are no wastewater treatment

(8) Maikhow Subdistrict Administrative Organization

(9) Kohkeaw Subdistrict Administrative Organization

(10) Thepkrasattri Subdistrict Administrative Organization

(11) Sakhu Subdistrict Administrative Organization

(12) Kamala Subdistrict Administrative Organization

35

Local Administration Organizations: LAO

There are no wastewater treatment

ปัจจยัและหลกัเกณฑใ์นการพิจารณา

Factor Criteria 1. Empty space The availability of empty space for the construction of

the wastewater treatment plant.

2. Plan of Wastewater treatment System

Details of plan of wastewater treatment system

3. Wastewater treatment System Wastewater treatment System in LAO area

4. The density of the community Clustering/ distribution of local communities (Based on aerial photos)

5. The severity of the wastewater problem

Situation of wastewater in the area

The urgent priority to provide a system of waste water treatment by Wastewater Management Authority

Criteria

Sequence LAO

Sequence

LAO

1 Rawai 6 Cherngtalay (additional)

2 Kamala 7 Thepkrasattre

3 Karon and Vichit 8 Kathu

4 Phuket and Patong (additional)

9 Cherngtalay and Kohkeaw

5 Thepkrasattre, Rasada Chalong, Srisunthon and Paklok

10 Saku and Maikhow

The urgent priority to provide a system of waste water treatment by Wastewater Management Authority

The rank

- ALL Local Administration Organization do not have any wastewater treatment system. Accelerate the feasibility, appropriateness and detailed design of the system. Environmental impact assessment and the importance of land for construction. Accelerate the construction of wastewater treatment systems in the area.

- Wastewater Management Authority has allocated budget to build a wastewater treatment system in the area, and link between Vichit Sub district Municipality and Phuket Municipality (Behind Toyota Daorung Company) to solve the problem of wastewater flowing into the public park (the budget of 30 million baht, started operation in 2017).

38

Solutions

- The restaurant must install grease traps everywhere (primary treatment wastewater).

- The local government must be strictly controlled.

- Hotel, condominiums, and large residential buildings with wastewater treatment system must continue to operate.

- Prepare a report on the results of the wastewater treatment system to The Local Government Organizations must strictly.

39

Solutions

Reuse Wastewater


Water Processing Plant: Reverse Osmosis (R.O.)

Zero Discharge Capacity: 23,250 m3/day Wastewater

Capacity: 25,000 m3/day Reuse Wastewater

Patong Municipality

Reuse Wastewater


Water Processing Plant: Reverse Osmosis (R.O.)

Patong Municipality

Capacity: 25,000 m3/day Reuse Wastewater

Water supply Hotel

Reuse Wastewater


Next plan

- Excess sludge + Organic waste = Fertilizer - Create sewage treatment plant; decrease nitrogen and take gas from fermentation anaerobic to produce heat in order to bake sludge

Patong Municipality

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