PROTECTED CULTIVATION AND POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY Ag. Engg. 5.3Credit : 1+1

Dr G.K. Saxena & Alok GoraDepartment of Agricultural EngineeringC.P. College of AgricultureSDAU, SK Nagar

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Chapter 1Part-1 / Topic-1 / Chapter-1: Protected Cultivation

(Weightage: 50%)

No. Question1 The need to protect the crops against unfavourable environmental conditions led to the

development of ...

(a) protected agriculture (b) natural agriculture(c) modern agriculture (d) traditional agriculture

2 What do mean by protected agriculture?

(a) protection of the crops against unfavourable environmental conditions

(b) protection of the crops against insect infestation

(c) protection of the crops against post harvest losses

(d) protection of the crops against pre harvest losses

3 A framed structure, covered with a transparent or translucent material in which crops can be grown, is popularly known as...

(a) green house (b) red house(c) crop house (d) Farm house

4 An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is termed as...

(a) green house effect (b) green house defect(c) green house management (d) green house maintenance

5 What is termed as green house effect?

(a) An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

(b) An increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the greenhouse

(c) A decrease in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

(d) A decrease in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the greenhouse

6 What refers to a rise in the temperature of the surface of the earth?

(a) global warming (b) agricultural warming(c) industrial warming (d) pollution

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7 What do mean by global warming?

(a) rise in the temperature of the surface of the earth

(b) rise in the temperature of the surface of the ocean

(c) rise in the temperature of the surface of the hills

(d) rise in the temperature of the surface of the atmosphere

8 A lean-to type green house is constructed against the side of an existing...

(a) building (b) farm field(c) leveled ground (d) hill side

9 An even span type green house is constructed on...

(a) leveled ground (b) undulated land(c) hilly terrain (d) none of the above

10 An even span type green house design is used for the green house of...

(a) small size (b) medium size(c) large size (d) extra large size

11 Uneven span type green house is constructed on...

(a) hilly terrain (b) leveled ground(c) undulated land (d) None of the above

12 Ridge and furrow type green houses use two or more A-frame green houses connected to one another along the length of the...

(a) eave (b) purlin(c) rafter (d) None of the above

13 Which type of green houses is used to construct Ridge and furrow type green house?

(a) A-frame (b) H-frame(c) O-frame (d) no frame

14 The provision of natural ventilation is provided in which type of type green house?

(a) saw-tooth (b) ridge and furrow(c) lean-to (d) None of the above

15 In quonset green house the pipe arches or trusses are supported by pipe purlins running along the...

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(a) length of green house (b) width of green house(c) height of green house (d) side walls of green house

16 In which type of green house the trusses are not used?

(a) Wooden framed (b) Pipe framed(c) Truss framed (d) None of the above

17 In which type of green house the arches or trusses are supported by pipe purlins?

(a) Pipe framed (b) Truss framed(c) Wooden framed (d) None of the above

18 In which type of green house the arches or trusses are supported by angle-iron purlins?

(a) Truss framed (b) Pipe framed(c) Wooden framed (d) None of the above

19 During the night time, the air temperature inside greenhouse...

(a) decreases (b) increases(c) remains stable (d) none of the above

20 What has to be supplied inside greenhouse to avoid the cold bite to plants due to freezing?

(a) heat (b) light(c) water (d) humidification

21 During the night time, the air temperature inside greenhouse decreases. Some amount of heat has to be supplied inside greenhouse to avoid what type of damage to the plants due to freezing?

(a) cold bite (b) burning(c) wilting (d) insect infestation

22 During summer season, what is desirable greenhouse temperature for effective crop growth?

(a) lower than the ambient temperature

(b) higher than the ambient temperature

(c) equivalent to the ambient temperature

(d) none of the above

23 During which season, it is desirable to have the greenhouse temperatures lower than the ambient temperatures for effective crop growth?

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(a) summer (b) winter(c) rainy (d) autumn

24 Active summer cooling, in greenhouse, is done using...

(a) evaporative cooling system (b) conductive cooling system(c) convective cooling system (d) irradiative cooling system

25 In greenhouse, evaporative cooling system is used for...

(a) Active summer cooling (b) Active winter cooling(c) Passive summer cooling (d) Passive winter cooling

26 In the evaporative cooling process the cooling is possible only upto...

(a) the wet bulb temperature of the incoming air

(b) the dry bulb temperature of the incoming air

(c) the wet bulb temperature of the outgoing air

(d) the dry bulb temperature of the outgoing air

27 For effective cooling large amount of cooled air is drawn into green house. The green house is designed in such a way that it permits an overall opening of...

(a) 0 to 10% (b) 10 to 20%(c) 20 to 40% (d) 40 to 100%

28 For effective cooling large amount of cooled air is drawn into green house. The green house is designed in such a way that it permits 40 to 100% opening through...

(a) its roof (b) its sides(c) its front (d) all directions

29 For effective cooling, what is drawn into green house through its openings?

(a) cooled air (b) cooled water(c) humid air (d) coolant

30 On what basis the green houses can be broadly classified as wooden framed, pipe framed and truss framed structures?

(a) construction (b) shape(c) size (d) covering material

31 For the construction of wooden framed green houses, which wood is commonly used?

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(a) pine (b) ply(c) teak (d) babool

32 For the construction of pipe framed green houses with a clear span of about 12m, the side posts, columns, cross-ties and purlins are constructed using...

(a) pipes (b) bamboo(c) iron flats (d) wooden logs

33 When the green house span is greater than or equal to 15m, what type of structures are used for its construction?

(a) truss frames (b) RCC beams(c) bamboo clusters (d) none of the above

34 On what basis, the green houses are classified as glass, plastic film and rigid panel green houses?

(a) covering material (b) planting material(c) structural material (d) construction material

35 What is the main disadvantage of using plastic film, as the covering material of the green house?

(a) short life (b) short span(c) short height (d) short width

36 Light, temperature, air compositions and nature of the root medium are the components of...

(a) crop micro-climate (b) crop health(c) crop intensity (d) crop growth

37 Which one is the component of crop micro-climate?

(a) Light (b) temperature(c) air compositions (d) All of the above

38 The productivity of a crop is influenced not only by its heredity but also by the...

(a) microclimate around it (b) habitation around it(c) animal population around it (d) none of the above

39 In the photosynthesis reaction, which type of energy is used for the production of carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in presence of chlorophyll?

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(a) light energy (b) heat energy (c) water energy (d) wind energy

40 If light intensity is diminished, photosynthesis...

(a) slows down (b) boosts up(c) remains unchanged (d) gets stopped

41 The light intensity is measured by the international unit known as...

(a) kilolux (b) kilowatt(c) kiloNewton (d) kilogram

42 Most of the crops become light saturated at an intensity of...

(a) 320 lux (b) 3,200 lux(c) 32,000 lux (d) 3,20,000 lux

43 Photosynthesis does not increase at light intensities higher than...

(a) 320 lux (b) 3,200 lux(c) 32,000 lux (d) 3,20,000 lux

44 The light intensity requirement for photosynthesis of different crops is...

(a) different (b) same(c) nill (d) none of the above

45 When the blue light (shorter wavelengths) alone is supplied to the plants, the plants become hard and dark in colour and the growth is...

(a) retarded (b) accelerated(c) normalized (d) None of the above

46 The plants become hard and dark in colour and the growth is retarded, when plants are grown under the influence of...

(a) blue light (b) red light(c) green light (d) yellow light

47 When plants are grown under red light (longer wavelengths), growth is soft and internodes are long, resulting in...

(a) tall plants (b) dwarf plants(c) normal plants (d) none of the above

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48 The growth is soft and internodes are long, resulting in tall plants; when plants are grown under...

(a) red light (b) green light(c) blue light (d) clear light

49 All biochemical reactions in the plant are controlled by the...

(a) enzymes (b) bacteria(c) virus (d) insects

50 Until an optimum temperature is reached; the biochemical reactions in the plant, controlled by the enzymes, often doubles or triples for each...

(a) 10 oC rise of temperature (b) 20 oC rise of temperature(c) 30 oC rise of temperature (d) 40 oC rise of temperature

51 In green houses, processes like humidification or dehumidification are carried out in order to maintain desirable level of...

(a) relative humidity (b) temperature(c) carbon dioxide (d) oxygen

52 In green houses what type of ventilation is essential to have precise control over the air temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide levels?

(a) forced ventilation (b) natural ventilation(c) no ventilation (d) artificial ventilation

53 In green houses forced ventilation is essential to have precise control over...

(a) air temperature (b) humidity(c) carbon dioxide level (d) All of the above

54 Most crops respond favourably to carbon dioxide (CO2) at...

(a) 100 ppm (b) 1,000 ppm(c) 10,000 ppm (d) 100,000 ppm

55 Under normal conditions, carbon dioxide (CO2) exists as a gas in the atmosphere slightly above...

(a) 300 ppm (b) 3,000 ppm(c) 30,000 ppm (d) 300,000 ppm

56 If the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) inside a green house is less than ambient level, what

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will be the effect on plant growth?

(a) growth will retard (b) growth will accelerate(c) growth will remain normal (d) no growth at all

57 Which solution is used in Hydroponics technology for growing plants?

(a) nutrient (b) brine(c) sugar (d) soil

58 What is the name of the technology used for growing plants in nutrient solution with or without the use of an artificial medium?

(a) Hydroponics (b) Hydropower(c) Hydro-gel (d) Hydro-shower

59 Aerial environment does not include...

(a) soil pH (b) solar radiation (c) humidity (d) Temperature

60 Aerial environment includes...

(a) Temperature (b) solar radiation (c) humidity (d) All of the above

61 Which method of irrigation has high irrigation efficiency?

(a) trickle / drip (b) Sprinkler(c) Flood (d) Furrow

62 Which method of irrigation is the only means of applying uniform water and fertilizer to the plants?

(a) trickle / drip (b) sprinkler(c) flood (d) Border

63 Fogger is used to control the...

(a) humidity (b) temperature(c) air flow (d) Ventilation

64 What can be used as growing media?

(a) saw dust (b) calcium dust(c) iron dust (d) None of the above

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65 What can be used as growing media in green houses?

(a) rice hulls (b) rice bran(c) rice grain (d) None of the above

66 Technical term related to soil and water both is...

(a) percolation (b) Radiation(c) texture (d) humidity

67 The values of volumetric water content of soils vary with their...

(a) texture (b) structure(c) colour (d) moisture

68 What is the technical name given to the tubes that do the actual winter cooling by simple mixing of the outside ambient air?

(a) convection tubes (b) conduction tubes(c) radiation tubes (d) copper tubes

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Chapter 2Part-2 / Topic-2 / Chapter-2: Post Harvest Technology

(Weightage: 50%)

No. Question

1 What for processing of agricultural products is done?

(a) To raise the qualit (b) To deteriorate the quality(c) To maintain the quality (d) To compromise with the quality

2 What is the main objective of agricultural processing?

(a) To decrease the losses in quality and quantity of the products

(b) To increase the losses in quality and quantity of the products

(c) To sustain the losses in quality and quantity of the products

(d) To compromise with the quality and quantity of the products

3 Post harvest technology starts with the selection of proper harvest and ends with what?

(a) marketing of the product (b) drying of the product(c) storage of the product (d) value addition of the product

4 Post harvest technology is applied to agricultural produce after harvest to meet the...

(a) food and nutritional requirements of the people

(b) food and physical requirements of the people

(c) food and fibre requirements of the people

(d) food and feed requirements of the people

5 Agricultural products have what type of nature?

(a) moisture absorbing only (b) moisture releasing only(c) moisture absorbing and releasing

both(d) Neither moisture absorbing nor

releasing

6 Agricultural products are combination of...

(a) solid, liquid and gas (b) solid and liquid(c) solid and gas (d) liquid and gas

7 Food grains are living biological products which have the property of...

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(a) germination and respiration both (b) germination only(c) respiration only (d) none of the above

8 At a standard pressure and temperature the weight per unit volume of the grain is known as...

(a) Density (b) Mass(c) Volume (d) Specific gravity

9 Value of bulk density of grains as compared to that of true density is...

(a) smaller (b) bigger(c) similar (d) negligible

10 Value of true density of fruits and vegetables as compared to that of bulk density is...

(a) bigger (b) smaller(c) similar (d) negligible

11 The angle between the base and the slope of the cone formed on a free vertical fall of the grain mass to a horizontal plane is known as...

(a) Angle of repose (b) Angle of response(c) Angle of collecting pan (d) Angle of hopper

12 Value of moisture content of agricultural products on wet basis as compared to that of moisture content on dry basis is...

(a) less (b) more(c) same (d) negligible

13 Value of moisture content of fruits and vegetables on dry basis as compared to that of moisture content on wet basis is...

(a) more (b) less(c) negligible (d) same

14 Brown Duvel distillation method is one of the direct methods of...

(a) moisture measurement (b) temperature measurement(c) density measurement (d) volume measurement

15 Which one is the direct method of moisture measurement?

(a) Brown Duvel distillation method (b) Electrical resistance method(c) Dielectric method (d) None of the above

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16 Single stage method is one of the direct methods of...

(a) moisture measurement (b) temperature measurement(c) density measurement (d) volume measurement

17 Which one is the direct method of moisture measurement?

(a) Single stage method (b) Electrical resistance method(c) Dielectric method (d) None of the above

18 Double stage method is one of the direct methods of...

(a) moisture measurement (b) temperature measurement(c) density measurement (d) volume measurement

19 Which one is the direct method of moisture measurement?

(a) Double stage method (b) Electrical resistance method(c) Dielectric method (d) None of the above

20 Which one is the direct method of moisture measurement?

(a) Single stage method (b) Double stage method(c) Brown Duvel distillation method (d) All of the above

21 Electrical resistance method is one of the indirect methods of...

(a) moisture determination (b) weight determination(c) volume determination (d) density determination

22 Which one is the indirect method of moisture determination?

(a) Electrical resistance method (b) Brown Duvel distillation method(c) Single stage method (d) Double stage method

23 Dielectric method is one of the indirect methods of...

(a) moisture determination (b) weight determination(c) volume determination (d) density determination

24 Which one is the indirect method of moisture determination?

(a) Dielectric method (b) Single stage method(c) Double stage method (d) Triple stage method

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25 Crop drying refers to the removal of...

(a) moisture (b) heat(c) entrapped air (d) impurities

26 Crop drying refers to the removal of moisture by...

(a) evaporation (b) condensation(c) sublimation (d) transpiration

27 The term drying refers to the removal of relatively small amount of moisture from a solid or nearly solid material by...

(a) evaporation (b) transpiration(c) sublimation (d) condensation

28 Removal of moisture from grain mass to a safe level of moisture content is necessary for preservation of...

(a) quantity (b) quality(c) nutritive value and viability (d) all of the above

29 Sun drying is one type of...

(a) radiation drying (b) conduction drying (c) convection drying (d) mechanical drying

30 Sun drying is the most popular method of drying known as...

(a) traditional method (b) mechanical method(c) modern method (d) None of the above

31 No fuel or mechanical energy is required in...

(a) Sun drying (b) Mechanical drying(c) Hot air drying (d) None of the above

32 The method of drying, which is independent of weather conditions, is known as...

(a) Mechanical drying (b) Sun drying(c) Hot air drying (d) None of the above

33 The cost of mechanical drying per unit of grain as compared to that of Sun drying is...

(a) relatively higher (b) relatively lower(c) relatively negligible (d) Almost similar

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34 The cost of Sun drying per unit of grain as compared to that of mechanical drying is...

(a) relatively lower (b) relatively higher(c) relatively negligible (d) Almost similar

35 Sublimation is the process of directly changing the state from...

(a) solid to gas (b) gas to solid(c) liquid to gas (d) solid to liquid

36 Which type of dryers serve as storage unit after drying is completed?

(a) batch or bin (b) continuous flow(c) solar (d) freeze

37 RPEC dryer is which type of grain dryer?

(a) continuous flow non-mixing type (b) continuous flow mixing type(c) discrete flow non-mixing type (d) discrete flow mixing type

38 Continuous flow non-mixing type grain dryer is known as...

(a) RPEC dryer (b) LSU dryer (c) Batch or bin dryer (d) Solar dryer

39 Which dryer operates on re-circulatory mechanism?

(a) RPEC (b) flat bed(c) tray (d) silo

40 RPEC dryer is used for drying of...

(a) Food grains (b) Fruits(c) Vegetables (d) Feed

41 LSU dryer is which type of grain dryer?

(a) continuous flow mixing type (b) continuous flow non-mixing type(c) discrete flow non-mixing type (d) discrete flow mixing type

42 Continuous flow mixing type grain dryer is known as...

(a) LSU dryer (b) RPEC dryer(c) Batch or bin dryer (d) Solar dryer

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43 LSU dryer is used for drying of...

(a) Food grains (b) Fruits(c) Vegetables (d) Feed

44 Which one is used for drying of food grains?

(a) RPEC dryer (b) LSU dryer (c) Batch or bin dryer (d) All of the above

45 Thresher is used to separate the grain from the...

(a) plant (b) stone(c) dirt (d) impurities

46 What is used to separate the grains from the plants?

(a) Thresher (b) Winnower(c) Chaff-cutter (d) Sheller

47 Concave is an integral part of...

(a) thresher (b) winnower(c) freezer (d) washer

48 In threshers, cylinder and concave clearance depends on...

(a) crop and variety (b) Cob length (c) pod diameter (d) manufacturer

49 Crop is fed into multi-crop axial flow thresher of CIAE design through...

(a) feeding chute (b) hopper(c) cylinder (d) Inlet pipe

50 Separating grains from chaff through an air stream created by fan is the process known as...

(a) winnowing (b) shelling(c) threshing (d) crushing

51 What is used for separating grains from chaff through an air stream created by fan?

(a) winnower (b) sheller(c) thresher (d) crusher

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52 Groundnut sheller is used for separating the...

(a) kernel from pod (b) fodder from pod(c) stone from grain (d) husk from grain

53 What is used for separating the kernel from pod?

(a) Groundnut sheller (b) Paddy thresher(c) Wheat winnower (d) Mango crusher

54 Maize sheller is used to separate the grains from...

(a) cob (b) earhead(c) plant (d) pod

55 What is used to separate the grains from cob?

(a) Maize sheller (b) Groundnut decorticator(c) Paddy thresher (d) Wheat winnower

56 The main factors responsible for the losses in quality and quantity of grain, during storage, are... (a) insects (b) rodents(c) dampness (d) all of the above

57 In processing of fruits and vegetables, washer is used to remove...

(a) dust (b) dirt(c) micro-organisms (d) All of the above

58 Dust, dirt and micro-organisms are removed from fruits and vegetables by using...

(a) Washer (b) Winnower(c) Sheller (d) vacuum cleaner

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