water loss management the world bank institute perspective

Conferenze sulle Strategie di Gestione delle Perdite Idriche

1IWA Water Loss Task Force Visit ItalyGenova – Ferrara 15-19 May 2006

Water Loss ManagementThe World Bank Institute Perspective

Jan Jan JanssensJanssens, Roland Liemberger, Roland LiembergerWorld Bank InstituteWorld Bank Institute



1.1. Introduction, presenting WBIIntroduction, presenting WBI

2.2. WBI Water Supply and Sanitation Program, WBI Water Supply and Sanitation Program, priority themespriority themes

3.3. Rationale for WBI course on NRW Rationale for WBI course on NRW Management and Reduction, responding to Management and Reduction, responding to demanddemand

4.4. Key elementsKey elements

Outline



The World Bank Institute (WBI) is the capacity development arm of the World Bank, and helps countries share and applyglobal and local knowledge to meet development challenges

Building Capacity is at the heart of development and development effectiveness. It allows individuals and institutions to make informed choices



WBI is moving from training only individuals to

enhancing capacities in countries by customizing

content to specific national needs and priorities and

designing programs with long-term institution building

in mind.

WBI Strategy



WBI - Challenges and Directions

Challenges: Challenges: Increase Impact Increase Impact Increase Reach Increase Reach Increase CostIncrease Cost--EffectivenessEffectiveness

Strategic DirectionsStrategic DirectionsFrom generic courses to customFrom generic courses to custom--made capacity building made capacity building More resources on select Focus CountriesMore resources on select Focus CountriesFrom training individuals to building strong institutions From training individuals to building strong institutions From oneFrom one--time events to programmatic collaborationtime events to programmatic collaborationWork with capacity building partners Work with capacity building partners –– ““twinningtwinning””Use of innovative technologies with broad reachUse of innovative technologies with broad reach



1.1. Introduction, presenting WBIIntroduction, presenting WBI2.2. WBI Water Supply and Sanitation WBI Water Supply and Sanitation

Program, priority themesProgram, priority themes

3.3. Rationale for WBI course on NRW Reduction Rationale for WBI course on NRW Reduction and Management, responding to demandand Management, responding to demand


Outline



WBI Water & Rural Development Program

Water Supply and Sanitation: Objectives

To increase access, particularly by the poor, to improved services delivery

To improve utility efficiency and effectiveness, and, financial sustainability.




Water Supply and Sanitation: Emerging Priorities

A programmatic approach aligned with lending operations, and,multi-year institutional strengthening

Emerging priority themes for 2007 – 2008:facilitating policy dialogue and capacity building for sector reformdeveloping capacity for more efficient water utilities in urban areas and small townsstrengthening the capacity of training institutes and professional associations




Water Supply and Sanitation: Priority Themes

Facilitating policy dialogue for water supply and sanitation sector reform andcourses on water sector reform, and, public-private / public-public partnerships with practical experiences and case training.

Building institutional and operational capacity for more efficient and effectivewater utilities in urban and small town environments: courses on reducing and managing NRW, asset management, and developing financial viability, while better serving the poor.

Building sector capacity through strengthening of training institutes andprofessional associations, at the national and regional level; supporting benchmarking, certification, curriculum development.



Main Products

Policy learning events at request of World Bank OperationsPolicy learning events at request of World Bank Operationsjustjust--inin--time and countrytime and country--specific learning eventsspecific learning events

Support toSupport tonetworks / professional associationsnetworks / professional associationsoutreach eventsoutreach events

CoursesCoursesWater Sector Reform including Water Sector Reform including PPPsPPPs, Asset Management, including , Asset Management, including NRW Reduction and ManagementNRW Reduction and Managementtargeted at clientstargeted at clientsdesigned for designed for ““scalingscaling--upup”” and distance learning technologyand distance learning technology

Training materialsTraining materials



Pilot delivery:Pilot delivery:Indonesia (April Indonesia (April -- December 2005), Vietnam (February 2006)December 2005), Vietnam (February 2006)

Ongoing work 2006Ongoing work 2006Indonesia, VietnamIndonesia, Vietnam

Emerging demand 2006Emerging demand 2006--20072007EAP: SEAWUN (SouthEAP: SEAWUN (South--East East AseanAsean Water Utility Network)Water Utility Network)AFR: AFWA (Africa Water Association), Ethiopia, Senegal, AFR: AFWA (Africa Water Association), Ethiopia, Senegal, KenyaKenyaLCR: Argentina, Uruguay, MexicoLCR: Argentina, Uruguay, MexicoECA: Kyrgyz Republic, TajikistanECA: Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan

Flagship Course: Reducing and Managing NRW



The WBI NRW Training Modules

1.1. Sector ChallengeSector Challenge2.2. The Vicious Loss CycleThe Vicious Loss Cycle3.3. The Water BalanceThe Water Balance4.4. Understanding LeakageUnderstanding Leakage5.5. Quantifying LossesQuantifying Losses6.6. Performance IndicatorsPerformance Indicators7.7. Reducing Commercial LossesReducing Commercial Losses8.8. Reducing Physical LossesReducing Physical Losses9.9. Implementing NRW Reduction ProgramsImplementing NRW Reduction Programs10.10. Designing a NRW Reduction Incentive SchemeDesigning a NRW Reduction Incentive Scheme11.11. NRW Reduction ForecastingNRW Reduction Forecasting



1.1. Introduction, presenting WBIIntroduction, presenting WBI2.2. WBI Water Supply and Sanitation Program, WBI Water Supply and Sanitation Program,

priority themespriority themes3.3. Rationale for WBI course on NRW Rationale for WBI course on NRW

Reduction and Management, responding Reduction and Management, responding to demandto demand


Outline



World Bank 2004

Why reduce NRW?

Integrated approach to water utility operational Integrated approach to water utility operational efficiency improvement efficiency improvement

NRW captures key elements of operational/financial NRW captures key elements of operational/financial efficiency and sustainability (service continuity, water qualityefficiency and sustainability (service continuity, water quality, , asset management & capacity augmentation, financial flows, asset management & capacity augmentation, financial flows, demand management) demand management)

But, a complex issue in practiceBut, a complex issue in practicemultiple components / sources of losses, lack of common multiple components / sources of losses, lack of common terminology, choice of indicators, what is adequate terminology, choice of indicators, what is adequate goal/target for developing countries ? goal/target for developing countries ?



Need for Capacity Building: Utility Management

Various departments typically blame each other Various departments typically blame each other for the high NRW levelsfor the high NRW levelsLack of understanding of the concept of water Lack of understanding of the concept of water balancebalanceProblems are not properly identifiedProblems are not properly identifiedSolutions have little impact Solutions have little impact Unrealistic performance targets setUnrealistic performance targets set



Need for Capacity Building: Decision-Makers

NRW too often seen as a NRW too often seen as a ““technicaltechnical”” topic left topic left to engineersto engineersLack of understanding of the NRW concept by Lack of understanding of the NRW concept by owners (mayors, boards), regulators and owners (mayors, boards), regulators and decisiondecision--makers makers Inappropriate policy decisions (funding) Inappropriate policy decisions (funding) Weak capacity to monitor performance Weak capacity to monitor performance



Need for Capacity Building: End Users

Public education: water as a valuable good Public education: water as a valuable good avoiding wastageavoiding wastageFast notification of leaks (visible ones)Fast notification of leaks (visible ones)Illegal connection (everyone pays)Illegal connection (everyone pays)

Role of civil society (customer association) is to Role of civil society (customer association) is to foster efficient utility management:foster efficient utility management:

Transparent publication of NRW figuresTransparent publication of NRW figuresAdvocacy for NRW campaigns (funding)Advocacy for NRW campaigns (funding)



The NRW Knowledge Gap

Right information to the right peopleRight information to the right peopleUse appropriate indicatorsUse appropriate indicators

Common definitions and terminologyCommon definitions and terminologyTrain staff and public to understand and use Train staff and public to understand and use information effectivelyinformation effectively

Understand limitations behind dataUnderstand limitations behind dataPractical experiences with NRW programsPractical experiences with NRW programsCost of NRW to everyone (water and health)Cost of NRW to everyone (water and health)



The NRW Knowledge Gap: A Common Example

A mayor is given a 25 % NRW figure by the A mayor is given a 25 % NRW figure by the water utility managerwater utility manager

What does this mean? Is this figure reliable? What does this mean? Is this figure reliable? Is this good or bad? (Is this good or bad? (……are they performing well?)are they performing well?)What is a feasible/desirable level of NRW? What is a feasible/desirable level of NRW? How can I monitor progress? What can I do to help? How can I monitor progress? What can I do to help?



Influence of structural parameters of network: Influence of structural parameters of network: Pipe length, number of connections Pipe length, number of connections

Impact of supply time and pressure:Impact of supply time and pressure:No pressure = no leakage (= no water !)No pressure = no leakage (= no water !)Intermittent supply shows lower % LeakageIntermittent supply shows lower % Leakageto reduce % Leakage: reduce hours of serviceto reduce % Leakage: reduce hours of service……Intermittent supply is widespread in developing countriesIntermittent supply is widespread in developing countries

Leakage benchmarking… is not so simple



1.1. Introduction, presenting WBIIntroduction, presenting WBI2.2. WBI Water Supply and Sanitation Program, WBI Water Supply and Sanitation Program,

priority themespriority themes3.3. Rationale for WBI course on NRW Reduction Rationale for WBI course on NRW Reduction

and Management, responding to demandand Management, responding to demand4.4. Key elementsKey elements

Outline



World Bank 2004

recommending the IWA water balance recommending the IWA water balance approach, approach, butbut with a modified terminologywith a modified terminology

endorsing the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) endorsing the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) as performance indicator, as performance indicator, butbut for a specific for a specific application application

WBI is:



The Recommended Water Balance

System Input

Volume

Billed Metered Consumption

Leakage on Service Connectionsup to the Customer Meter

Revenue Water

Non Revenue

Water

Authorized Consumption

WaterLosses

BilledAuthorized

Consumption

UnbilledAuthorized

Consumption

Billed Unmetered Consumption

Unbilled Metered Consumption

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Unauthorized Consumption

Customer Meter Inaccuracies and Data Handling Errors

Leakage on Transmission and Distribution Mains

Leakage and Overflows from the Utilities Storage Tanks

Commercial Losses

Physical Losses



Current AnnualVolume ofPhysical Losses

Pressure Management

Speed and Quality of Repairs

Pipeline and Assets

Management

SelectionInstallation

MaintenanceRehabilitationReplacement

Active LeakageControl

Potentially Recoverable

Physical Losses

Minimum Achievable

Annual Physical Losses

The 4 Elementsof aSustainable Leakage Control Strategy



World Bank 2004

ILI difficult to conceptualize in a policy dialogueILI difficult to conceptualize in a policy dialogueILI likely the best available PI for international benchmarkingILI likely the best available PI for international benchmarking

NRW (% of system input) still useful for communication with NRW (% of system input) still useful for communication with shock valueshock valueNRW (% of total operating cost), strong financial indicatorNRW (% of total operating cost), strong financial indicator

Separate operational indicators needed for respectively physicalSeparate operational indicators needed for respectively physicaland commercial lossesand commercial losses

for physical losses: l/connection/day (at average pressure of xfor physical losses: l/connection/day (at average pressure of xxx meter) xx meter) w.s.p.w.s.p.for commercial losses: % of authorized consumptionfor commercial losses: % of authorized consumption

Choosing the Right Indicator - The ILI concept, quid ?



Real Loss Performance Categories

AA: Further loss reduction may be uneconomic : Further loss reduction may be uneconomic unless there are shortages unless there are shortages BB: Possibilities for further improvement: Possibilities for further improvementCC: Tolerable only if resources are plentiful and : Tolerable only if resources are plentiful and cheapcheapDD: Inefficient use of resources, indicative of : Inefficient use of resources, indicative of poor maintenance and system condition in poor maintenance and system condition in generalgeneral



Technical Technical Performance Performance

CategoryCategory

250-500200-400150-300100-20050-1004 – 8B

250-500200-400150-300100-2004 - 8C

Litres/connection/dayLitres/connection/day(when the system is pressurised) at an average pressure of:(when the system is pressurised) at an average pressure of:ILIILI

> 1000> 800> 600> 400> 200> 16D

500-1000400-800300-600200-400100-2008 - 16C

< 250< 200< 150< 100< 501 – 4A

> 500> 400> 300> 200> 8D

125-250100-20075-15050-1002 - 4B

< 125< 100< 75< 501 - 2A

50 m50 m40 m40 m30 m30 m20 m20 m10 m10 m

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntr

ies

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntr

ies

World Bank Institute (WBI)

water loss management the world bank institute perspective

Documents