water in the atmosphere. h 2 o exists in atmosphere in all three states of matter…
TRANSCRIPT
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Water in the Atmosphere
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H2O exists in atmosphere in all three states
of matter…
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Solid:
snow
hail
ice
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Liquid: rain and
cloud droplets
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Gas:invisible H2O
vapor
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H2O may change
from one state to another:
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Melting:•from solid ice to liquid H2O
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Freezing:
•liquid H2O to solid ice
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Evaporation: •from liquid H2O to H2O vapor
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Condensation: from H2O vapor to liquid H2O
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Sublimation: change from solid to H2O vapor
Example: Dry ice
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Water vapor enters the atmosphere from the evaporation of water from oceans, lakes,
marshes and glaciers
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Dew point: the temperature at
which water vapor condenses
•Dew, clouds, and fog forms
•If dew point is below freezing, frost will form
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Warmer the air, the more H2O vapor it can
hold•Humidity:
water vapor in the air
• Relative humidity:the % of moisture the air can hold relative to the amount it can hold at a certain temperature
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Relative humidity=specific humidity X 100
capacity (saturated)
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Psychrometer: instruments used to measure relative
humidity• Works on principle
that evaporation causes cooling
• 2 thermometers…wet-bulb and dry-bulb
• Readings show how dry the air is
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Clouds: simply high fogs, mist,
or haze•Form when air above surface cools below dew point
•Shape depends on air movement that forms it
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-horizontal air movement = layers-vertical air movement = piles
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• Temperature above freezing – clouds drop water
• Temperature below freezing – clouds drop snow crystals
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Precipitation:•Water that falls from the
atmosphere to the earth•Occurs when cloud droplets
grow into drops heavy enough to fall to Earth
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Acid precipitation: acid drops that fall to the
ground- contain nitrate and
sulfate particles that come from burning fuels, volcanoes and cars
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• Cloud seeding: method to cause an increase in precipitation
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Condensation nuclei: suspended particles that provide the
necessary surfaces for cloud forming condensation.