1. We must go beyond conventional interventions, such as engineering works Wider, systemic responses are necessary, and the responsibility to act is not limited to the government

2. we need more integrated urban water management, which harnesses water, waste water and stormwater sources. Most of the projected global population increases will take place in third world countries that already suffer from water 3. Importing most of their food and electric power from other countries with more water, so that in essence they also get the water that was necessary to produce these commodities Australias large cities are currently investing more than A$30 billion in new water supplies, and most are diversifying their supplies away from rainfall- dependent storages to include desalination, decentralised supplies and some form of recycling. 4. Effective waste management strategies assist in minimising or avoiding adverse impacts on the environment and human health, while allowing economic development and improvement in the quality of life. The aims of waste management are to: conserve resources of water, energy, raw materials and nutrients control pollution of land, air, water and sediment enhance business performance and maintain corporate social responsibility improve occupational health and safety. 5. 1. Ahwaz, Iran 2. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 3. Sanandaj, Iran 4. Ludhiana, India 5. Quetta, Pakistan 6. Kermanshah, Iran 7. Peshawar, Pakistan 8. Gaborone, Botswana 9. Yasouj, Iran 10. Kanpur, India 6. This whole-of-system approach aims to reduce waste at the source through product design and producer responsibility. It also includes waste reduction strategies further down the supply chain such as: cleaner production product dismantling recycling repair reuse.