water and sanitation. today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three...
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International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
WATER and SANITATION
Today, more than one billion people lack access to safe water and over three billion, half of humanity, do not have adequate sanitation facilities.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
WATER and SANITATION
The number of people without adequate water and sanitation facilities could reach 5.5 billion in the next 20 years.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
WATER and SANITATION
30% of common recurrent diseases are WatSan related
4 million die annually (80% < 5yrs)
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
WATER AS A HUMAN RIGHT
“Water is fundamental for life and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a healthy life in human dignity. It is a pre-requisite to the realization of all other human rights.”
UN Committee on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights
26.November 2002
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
The Response
International Federation commitment (WatSan Policy, S2010, ARCHI)
International Federation GWSI (scaling-up)
UN Declaration – ‘access to safe water and sanitation, a human right’
UN Commitment – CSD and MDG’s
2nd UN Decade for Water 2005-15
All of the above to ‘increase sustainable WatSan coverage’
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
International Federation Water and Sanitation Policy
This policy applies to all Water and Sanitation interventions carried out by National Societies and the International Federation.
Water and Sanitation is a Health initiative, clearly defined and seen as one of the most important aspects of preventive health.
Community Based Health Care cannot be considered without addressing the issue of Water and Sanitation coverage.
Water and Sanitation objectives being incorporated into developmental programmes as well as in emergency situations.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
GENDER
Recognize the issue of gender and the need for a gender-balanced approach.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
HARDWARE and SOFTWARE
Hygiene promotion (Software) must be established parallel to / before introducing hardware (pumpes, pipes).
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGIES
Give due consideration to the use of appropriate local technologies for the sustainability of the work.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
India
ChinaAfghanistan
Pakistan
Iran
AzerbaijanTurkey
ThailandeCambodia
MalaysiaVietnam
Philippines
North Korea
Namibia
AngolaTanzania
D.R.Congo Kenya
Ethiopia
Sudan
Rwanda
Uganda.
Zambia
ZimbabweBotswana
MozambiqueMalawi
Hungary
Myanmar
Bosnia-Herzegovina
PapuaNew GuineaPeru
Venezuela
Bolivia
Argentina
Colombia
Paraguay
Bangladesh
SwazilandLesotho
Nepal
GuatemalaEl Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Belize
Panama
Costa Rica
Cuba
Eritrea Laos
Indonesia
Guinea Bissau
Liberia
Kazakhastan
Uzbekistan
IraqSyria
Slovakia
CroatiaAlbania
SecretariatGeneva
Switzerland
North-East Russia
East Timor
NigeriaCote d'Ivoire
Macedonia
HaitiDominican Rep
Tajikistan
Sri LankaSomalia
Djibutia
Madagascar
Comores Fiji
AlgeriaJordan
WatSan Activities 1993-2006
6.5 Million People served with Emergency WatSan
2.5 Million People served by Developmental WatSan
Active in over 35 Countries
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Water and Sanitation in Emergencies
‘expanding and improving existing capacities to meet the needs of those affected by disaster’
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
The needs in emergencies
In most disaster/emergency scenarios, high level of morbidity and mortality is related to lack of safe water and poor sanitation
Combined with other health threats (such as malnutrition, malaria etc.,) morbidity and mortality related to WatSan often increases
Rapid action required to avoid epidemic outbreaks (diarrhoeal diseases, cholera etc.,)
Disasters often impact upon the most vulnerable, where chronic lack of safe water and sanitation already exists
Need for acceptable standard of WatSan coverage to recover some quality of life for the victims of disasters
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
IFRC Response
Recognising the needs, International Federation establishes WatSan capacity at the Geneva Secretariat as part of Health in Emergencies (1994)
International Federation in close collaboration with National Societies begins development of a standardised WatSan response mechanism, both equipment and human resources (Emergency Response Units, ERU’s, 1994-98)
International Federation engages with other disaster response players (ICRC, Oxfam. WHO, UNHCR etc.) to define common standards in each disaster response sector including WatSan (SPHERE standards 1995-8)
Deployments of emergency WatSan teams begin and increase in scale
and impact (1995-present)
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Emergency Response Units (ERU’s)
4 modules, can be deployed individually or jointly to provide safe water and sanitation for up to 40,000 beneficiaries or more
Each module consists of an equipment package which can be air freighted with an experienced team of technicians for rapid, ‘stand-alone’ deployment
Equipment and training of teams is standardised but constantly reviewed and improved
Coordination by the WatSan Unit in Geneva
Regular ERU working group meetings held to ensure standards are met and actual deployments are evaluated
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Developmental Programmes
Community participation
National Water and Sanitation strategies
Integrated approach
Evolution from relief to development
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1 out of Programmes
North Korea (DPRK)
WatSan started in 1999
Programme 2002-2004 100 municipalities 500.000 beneficiaries Provide clean water, sanitation,
hygiene education
3 delegates
DPRK RC Wat-San department
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Global Water and Sanitation Initiative (GWSI)
‘Contributing to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Key factors for GWSI
Community participation – National Society branches and volunteers
Low-tech, low-cost and sustainable
Integrated approach with other health interventions
Economy of scale – 20 USD/per beneficiary or less
Coordination/partnership with Governments
Provision of technical support/monitoring and evaluation
Global representation, policy and strategy
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Global WatSan Initiative (GWSI)
MDG – Increased Coverage 9 Million People
‘Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals by scaling-up established capacities’
Developmental
WatSan
1993-2005
Phase 1
Target: 1.5 M people/8 countries
2005-2008
Phase 2
Target: 3.5 M People/15 countries
2009-2015
2.5
Million
are
Served
6.5
Million
will be
Served
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
International Federation WatSan Beneficiaries
1993 2003 2004 20150
1
2
3
4
DevelopmentalEmergency
2.5 M Developmental
6.5 M Emergency
5 M Developmental
9 M Emergency
Emergency WatSan : Projected increase in demand and delivery
Developmental WatSan : Scaling-up with the GWSI
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
WatSan Structure in International Federation
Uli Jaspers – WatSan Unit Manager Robert Fraser – WatSan Senior Officer Libertad Gonzalez – WatSan Officer
Wolfgang Stöckl – WatSan advisor 4 Regional Delegations
Nairobi Harare Bangkok Panama
42 Delegates
Health and Care Department / Geneva