• All living things need water to survive. Can you imagine living without water? What are the activities you would not be able to do if there is no water supply to your home. For example:- we can not make our food , wash clothes and utensils etc.

Oceans97%

3%Ice caps

and glaciers2.997%

Ground Water0.003%

Have you ever felt weak and exhausted after a long time in the hot sun? This because your body has lost a lot of its water though sweat. Without the right amount of water in it, our body would not be able to perform its functions. So the correct water balance is vital for going through life’s activities. All living things have a lot of water in their bodies. Almost 70% of human body weight is due to water present in the tissues. Do you know how much water is there inside a watermelon? Almost 95% of its weight!

1. Agricultural needs: our country depends a lot on agricultural. Farmers rely on water to sustain their agriculture crops, e.g., wheat, paddy, etc. many a times, rainfall is not sufficient to water these crops, and farmers have to use artificial watering systems, referred to as irrigation.

2. Industrial needs: All factories use a large amount of water every day – as raw material, for cleaning, for heating, cooling and for their electricity needs.

3. personal/domestic needs : We need water

to drink, bathe, wash clothes and dishes, clean our house and to water plants.

Apart from these uses, water is also used for transportation and recreation. It also regulates the climate of a place and provides homes to many animals.

1. It could be in the form of liquid. e.g., rain, river, sea.

2. It could be in the form of solid. e.g., ice, snow, hail.

3. It could be in the form of gas. e.g., water vapour.

define

• Evaporation:- The conversion of a liquid to its vapour is called evaporation.

• Condensation:- The conversion of the vapour of a substance to its liquid form is called condensation.

• Transpiration:- water vapour is also added into the air by the leaves of plants, through the process of transpiration.

1. Water vapour present in air.

2. Warm air along with water vapour rises in the atmosphere.

3. Water vapour condenses on dust particles to form tiny droplets of water.

4. Several tiny water droplets come together to form a cloud

.

. ...

.

.

.

..

Water vapour 1 ..

. ..... ... ... .

..

. ..... ... ... .

..

. ..... ... ... .

... ...

.. ... ... .

........ ... ... .

..

. ......

... .

Warm air 2

.

.. ...

.. ... ... .

.

.

. ......

. ....

Water droplet 3 . .. .

4

• Water droplets in the clouds keep bumping against one another, and sometimes stick to from bigger drops. When these become too heavy to float in the, they drop down back to the Earth as rain. The water that comes down as rain, in time, evaporates and goes up to form clouds again. This leads to form a cycle, known as the water cycle.

• Water cycle is the cyclic movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth and to the atmosphere though various processes.

• Drought is an abnormally long period of insufficient or no rainfall. During drought, rivers run dry. The water level in lakes goes down, and even the water in the soil gets dried up. A drought often leads to a lake of food in the region, causing a famine.

• Too much rain leads to water being everywhere. Sometimes the entire area remains submerged under water. This condition is called flood. A flood can lead to disease, starvation and even the loss of homes and lives.

Conservation of water

• A dam is answer to both drought and flood. It is a structure built to hold back water in order to prevent flooding, and to provide water for irrigation and storage.

1. Inform the municipality or call a plumber if you spot any leaking pipes in your neighborhoods.

2. Take water in a bucket for your bath instead of using the shower. Remember to shut the tap tight after each use.

3. Do not leave a tap running while brushing your teeth.

4. Instead using running water for washing utensils, soak them first in one tub and wash them in another, using a thin trickle only to rinse off.

5. Try not to though away used or extra water down the drain if it can be used for some other purpose.

6. Repair all leaky pipes and tap.

7. Water plants and grass early in the morning. Watering by hand saves a lot of water as against using a hose.

• The process of collecting and storing rainwater from roofs or a surface catchment is called rainwater harvesting.

• Anther method of conservation of water is to safeguard our fresh water from pollution. Garbage and harmful chemicals pollute the water and make it unfit for use. Polluted water is also very bad for aquatic life. Plants and animals in and around polluted water may die or get infected. And when humans consume the contaminated fish, etc., they are also put at risk of diseases.