waste management and circular economy17 optimizing material and energy flows within the circular...

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY:

EXAMPLE FROM EUROPE

GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS E ECONOMIA CIRCULAR:

EXEMPLO DA EUROPA

Luís Marinheiro

Waste Management Consultant

São Paulo – Brazil – 23.11.2016

2

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1. WASTE MANAGEMENT

2. LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE

3. WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

4. CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE

3

The Global Waste Industry & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Total waste generated

Municipal waste

4 billion tonnes

1.6-2.0 billion tonnes

Percentage landfill 70%

Percentage thermal & waste to energy 11%

Recycling & MBT

Global population with no waste services

16%

52% (3.5 billion)

Global value of industry $433 billion

Growth in food waste 2005-2025 44%

Grow from 8-10% Impact of food waste on climate change gases

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016

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WASTE MANAGEMENT

Source: Eurostat, 2016

Waste generation in Europe by economic activity and households, 2012 (x 103 ton)

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WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste generation in Europe and treatment by country, 2012 (x 103 ton)


6

WASTE MANAGEMENT

MSW generation in Europe by country in 2004 and 2014, sorted by 2014 level (kg per capita)


7

WASTE MANAGEMENT

MSW Production in Europe

(kg per capita)


8

Source: STR/AFP/Getty Images

Source: Richard James Mendoza/PP/Getty Images

Source: Giora Proskurowski / Sea Education Association

Between 7 000 and 35 000 tons of

floating plastic (0.20–100 mm in size) in

the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans

combined

The growing knowledge on ingestion of

plastics by fishes could imply a

reservoir comparable in size to the sea

surface. Source: Erik van Sebille, 2015

WASTE MANAGEMENT

9

Source: TFRM, ISWA, 2015

LINEAR ECONOMY AND LOSS OF VALUE

10

Source: EC, DG Env


Lost of value of materials and products

Scarcity of resources, volatile prices

The waste generated, environmental degradation & climate change

MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF A LINEAR ECONOMY

11

Source: Chavdarov, Petar. 2015. Impact of Low Oil Prices on Food and Other Commodities. CEIC World Trend Data Talk - June 11, 2015.


12

Global Commodity Prices 1992-2015

Source: Index Mundi. 2015.


13

BY 2020 UK WILL HAVE 12 MILLION TONNES OF ELECTRONIC WASTE

ESTIMATED VALUE: € 8 billion

GOLD IN MOBILE PHONES 5X MORE CONCENTRATED

THAN IN THE ORIGINAL ORE

Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016


14 Source: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database


EU HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON IMPORTED RAW MATERIALS

15

Source: EU –Towards a circular economy: A zero waste programme for Europe. Brussels 2.7.2014 COM (2014) 398 Final.

.

WASTE AS A RESOURCE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY

16 Source: TFRM, ISWA, 2015


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Optimizing material and energy flows within the circular economy

The circular economy is an opportunity for the waste management sector to

create new jobs, contribute to economic growth, reduce carbon emissions

and dependency on imported raw materials

The industry will need new skills, innovation, knowledge and partnerships to reach its potential

The sector needs to develop its own roadmap and to build cross-sectoral

collaboration to be successful

The sector will need to develop new technologies, business models and

partnerships in order to meet the future challenges

THE WASTE INDUSTRY HAS A CRUCIAL ROLE TO PLAY


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The circular economy relies on energy as much as it does on material

feedstock

Circular flows will always have a residual waste stream either due to

market conditions, technologies available or social barriers

The residual waste stream is an important energy source

The biodegradable fraction of municipal and industrial waste is an

important source for fertilizers, soil improving materials and energy

WASTE TO ENERGY IS A KEY PART OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

ENERGY FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY IS CRUCIAL


Providing secondary raw materials for production

Delivering carbon matter and nutrients for soil improvement

Producing carbon neutral energy for electricity, heating & cooling and transportation

Displacing primary raw materials and reducing environmental impacts

from raw material extraction

Supporting new jobs and GDP growth

Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases

Innovating for the future

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THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SECTOR IS ALREADY MAKING A PIVOTAL CONTRIBUTION


Materials deterioration, hazardous substances and new composite

materials present real challenges to the circular economy

Substantial technical advances are required before we can close

material loops

Cascade utilization is an effective interim way to extend the life of raw materials

Energy recovery is an important end use for complex materials

Safe disposal for residues will remain an important component of

materials management for the foreseeable future

TECHNICAL CHALLENGES TO CLOSING MATERIAL LOOPS ARE GROWING


Multi disciplinary teams

The deployment of cross sector technologies

Economic research to identify and remove distortions in the market place

Social research in order to secure behaviour change

The waste sector to feed in its knowledge of dealing with residual waste streams

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INOVATION AND RESEARCH IS KEY TO SUCESS


The waste management sector is already engaged in waste prevention

but more effort is needed

We need to develop and integrate prevention initiatives into core waste

management activities including:

– awareness training

– feedback to designers & manufactures

– engagement with reuse and refurbishing actors

– the development of new business models that support waste reduction

– active work with researchers into new materials

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WE ALL NEED TO RECOGNISE WASTE PREVENTION NEEDS MORE EFFORT


EU Circular Economy Package

Gwen starts here

CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND EXAMPLES IN EUROPE

Source: European Commission

Objectives and Expectations



Key Action Areas

Production

Consumption

Waste Management

Secondary raw materials

Innovation, Investment

& Monitoring



Production



Consumption



Waste management



Market for secondary raw materials

Gwen takes over here again



Plastics Food Waste Critical Raw

Materials

Construction & Demolition

Biomass & Bio-based Products

Priority Sectors



Plastics

Objectives

Increase recycling efficiency -

less than 25 % of plastic waste

collected is recycled, and about

50 % is landfilled

Key actions

Adopt a specific strategy to

reduce plastic waste,

including marine litter

Set a more ambitious target

for the recycling of plastic

packaging in the framework

of a new legislative proposal

on waste



Food waste

Objectives

Reach Sustainable

Development Goal (SDG) to

halve food waste by 2030 –

today around 100 million

tonnes of food are wasted

every year in the EU

Key actions

Develop an EU methodology to

measure food waste

Create a platform for the SDG on

food waste and share best practices

and results achieved

Clarify EU legislation on waste, food

and feed, and encourage food

donation

Improve the use and understanding

of date marking along the food

chain (e.g. ‘best before’ label) Source: European Commission


Critical Raw Materials (CRMs)

Objectives

Increase efficient use and

recovery of CRMs

Key actions

Encourage recovery of CRMs,

and draft a report on best

practices and options for further

action at EU level

Encourage action by Member

States


Construction & Demolition

Objectives

Identify and increase recovery

of valuable materials

Key actions

Ensure recovery of valuable

resources and adequate waste

management in the

construction and demolition

sector, as well as facilitate

assessing the environmental

performance of buildings

Put in place pre-demolition

guidelines to promote high-

value recycling, and voluntary

recycling protocols


35 Source: EEB, 2015


36 Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016

Jaguar, UK


37 Source: Martin Brocklehurst, 2016

Jaguar, UK


38 Source: Alexandre Ventura, 2015

LIPOR, Portugal


39 Source: Gary Crawford, 2016

Veolia Plastic Recycling Plant, UK



Veolia Recycling Process for PET – “Bottle-to-Bottle”, Germany


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By the end of FY15:

- all main home furnishing materials, including packaging, will be made from

renewable, recyclable or recycled materials

- hazardous chemicals will be continuously substituted with healthy and safe

alternatives across the value chain and information management about the

substances used will be strengthened

- the company will be energy independent by being a leader in renewable energy

and becoming more energy efficient throughout the operations and supply chain

renewable energy equivalent to at least 70% of our energy consumption will be

produced.

By the end of FY20 IKEA, at Group level, will produce as much

renewable energy as it consumes.

Vision: “Create a better everyday life for the many people”

IKEA, Sweden


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Circular Economy of Greater Paris, France


Thank you for your attention!

See you again in Portugal or in other place in the WORLD!

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LUÍS MARINHEIRO

International Environmental Engineering Consultant

Waste Management Consultant

Chair of ISWA Working Group on Landfill

Member of ISWA Scientific and Technical Committee

Member of ISWA European Group

Email: [email protected]

M: +351 919562937

pt.linkedin.com/pub/luís-marinheiro/17/7b/420/

Skype: luis_marinheiro

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http://gmail.com/

http://gmail.com/

http://gmail.com/

http://pt.linkedin.com/pub/lu%C3%ADs-marinheiro/17/7b/420/




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Acknowledgments

mailto:[email protected]

References 1. ISWA Task Force on Resource Management. Vienna. Austria. (http://www.iswa.org/iswa/iswa-groups/task-forces/)

2. Brocklehurst, Martin. 2015. Circular Economy: Trends and Emerging Ideas. Report 1. ISWA. Vienna. Austria.

3. Andreas Bartl. 2015. Circular Economy: Cycle Loops and Cascades. Report 2. ISWA. Vienna. Austria.

4. Costas Velis. 2015. Circular Economy: Closing the Loops. Report 3. ISWA. Vienna. Austria.

5. Janes Gilbert. 2015. Circular Economy: Carbon Nutrients and Soil. Report 4. ISWA. Vienna. Austria.

6. Tore Hulgaard. 2015. Circular Economy: Energy and Fuels. Report 5. ISWA. Vienna. Austria.

7. Williams-Gaul, Rachel. 2015. Circular Economy: Resources and Opportunities. Report 6. ISWA. Vienna.

Austria.

8. IndexMundi. 2015. Commodity Price Indices. (http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/)

9. Chavdarov, Petar. 2015. Impact of Low Oil Prices on Food and Other Commodities. CEIC World Trend Data

Talk - June 11, 2015. (http://www.ceicdata.com/en/blog/impact-low-oil-prices-food-and-other-commodities)

10. World Bank. 2016. Commodity Markets Outlook: Resource development in an era of cheap commodities. World

Bank Quarterly Report. April 2016. (http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets)

11. Sebille, Erik van, et. all.. 2015. A global inventory of small floating plastic debris. Environment Research Letters.

Volume 10, Issue Number 12.

12. Crawford, Gary. 2016. Making the Circular Economy a Reality: Examples and Challenges. ISWA Beacon

Conference on Circular Economy and Resource Management. 30 March 2016. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

13. Brocklehurst, Martin. 2016. Resource Management & the Circular Economy. APESB Seminar. 10th April 2016.

Lisbon. Portugal.

14. Ventura, Alexandre. 2015. The Circular Economy in the Integrated Waste Management of Lipor. International

Conference «Waste & Resources Synergies towards a Circular Economy in Greece & Mediterranean

Countries». 12nd June 2015. Athens. Greece.

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http://www.iswa.org/iswa/iswa-groups/task-forces/





http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/

http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/

http://www.ceicdata.com/en/blog/impact-low-oil-prices-food-and-other-commodities
















http://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets



References 15. Henry, Perry. Circular Economy Package – what's in it?. DG Environment. Unit "Eco-innovation and Circular

Economy"

16. European Commission. Circular Economy: Closing the loop – An EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy

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