Waste macro-management

Henrik Lid Scharff

What is waste?

Household waste

Sewage

GarbageOrganics

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Rest

Organic waste, traditionally

•Distributed sources

•Seen as resource

•Low impact on nature

•Natural relationship

•Heat, fertiliser, construction material..

•Used (very) locally

Organic waste, industrial age

•Concentrated sources

•Waste becoming a problem

•No local use

•Distancing relationship

•Sewage systems and sewage treatment plants

•Landfill and incinerators

Issues arising

•Spread of pathogens

•Concentrated outlets, high concentration of

nutrients, chemicals, heavy metals etc to:

•Water; rivers, lakes, fjords, seas

•Soil, landfill sites, industrial areas etc

•Air; local odours, methane to atmosphere

•Removal of nutrients from soil

Organic waste, recent•National and regional regulations

•EU prohibited organic landfill in 2004

•Reduced disposal to nature

•Source (household) separation

•Advanced sewage treatment plants

Typical modern waste structure

Sewage

GarbageOrganics

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Rest

Sewage treat-ment plants

Water

Sludge

Biogas plant

Sortingplant Energy

Fertilizer

Sea

•Burning•Landfill•Compost•..or

Current issues

•How to recycle nutrients?

•How to minimise spreading of pathogens?

•How to finally dispose?

•Transportation of

•Source separation issues

•Regulation; waste or products?

•Nutrients in final discharge water

End uses from Biogas plant

•Energy (Methane)

•Local direct uses

•Cleaned and Compressed or liquified to vehicle fuel

•Electricity production (gas engine or turbine)

Oslo area

VEAS, sewage treatment

Bekkelaget, sewage treatment

Haraldrud, Sorting and incineration

EGEBiogas plant

Oslo Biogas plant

Source;

Cambi AS

•Contract value 43 m€

•Capacity: 50 000 t/a food waste

•Biogas to vehicle fuel gas (supports 135 buses)

•Opened january 2013

•Household waste, supermarket waste, ABP (slaughter, fishfarm ..)

Oslo Biogas plant

Oslo Biogas Official view

Biogas plant, concept

Source;

Cambi AS

Biogas plant, challenges

Source;

Cambi AS

Simplified mass balance

Source;

Cambi AS

Biofertilizer

Source;

Cambi AS

Cambi promotion video