washington state department of health construction...
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Washington State Department of Health
Construction Review Services
Steve Pennington, Plans Reviewer/ Inspector
Janet Smoot, Plans Reviewer
Clynn Wilkinson, Plans Reviewer
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I-2
B
ACF I-2
B
S-2
F-1 A
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Avg. 6 Fatalities annually from
Fire (hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, psych.)
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We Regulate!
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How life safety features
developed over time
See why they were/are
important today
Building construction
types
Fire Sprinkler systems
Smoke compartments
Noncombustible structure.
No auto. Sprinklers
No auto. Fire alarm
No smoke
compartmentation
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Storage of Hazardous materials
Automatic Sprinklers
Unprotected
vertical
openings
Firefighter
equipment
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Non combustible bearing walls –
combustible floors and partitions
No auto. sprinklers
No auto. fire alarm
No smoke
compartmentation
No fire drills
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Non combustible construction
Provide smoke
compartmentation
Provide sprinkler
Provide alarms
Protect vertical openings
Better drills
Flame retardant finishes
Better oversight
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Provide smoke compartmentation
Flame retardant finishes
Provide sprinklers
Better drills
Provide alarms
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NFPA Life Safety Code
Uniform Building Code
National Building Code
NFPA 5000
International
Codes
(ICC)
Baltimore
LA
Chicago
New York
Denver
Fire Exits
NFPA Building Exits
Factory safety
1900 2000 1940
Standard Bldg Code Atlanta Memphis
Sprinklers required. • New construction, not existing
Non-or limited combustible construction. • Especially as buildings get taller.
More control over finishes.
Smoke compartmentation (in NFPA)
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Better protection of vertical openings.
Better drills. (Alarm, contain)
Systematic, conceptual approach.
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Design, construction and
compartmentation.
Provision for detection alarm and
extinguishment
Fire prevention and the planning, training
and drilling programs for the isolation of
fire, transfer of occupants to areas of
refuge, or evacuation of the building. 19
No high fatality (>8) hospital fires since early
70’s.
Retroactive sprinklering of combustible /
limited-combustible hospitals.
Combustible construction severely limited.
Better control of vertical openings
Smoke compartments required.
Better drills
NFIRS data available!
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Noncombustible construction
No auto. sprinklers
Fire alarm present but not fully
operable
Smoke compartments
Detailed staff planning
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14 patients
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Room 415
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No automatic sprinklers
Delayed fire alarm due to inoperability
Door to room was left open
Smoke compartments
worked
Immediate staff actions
based on training saved
lives.
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Noncombustible construction
Partial sprinklers
Fire alarm
Smoke compartments
Detailed staff planning
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Smoke compartments work
Containment works – when you
execute well.
February 26, 2003 - Greenwood Health Center in Hartford, Connecticut - killed 16 residents
September 25, 2004 - 15 fatalities in a Nashville, Tennessee nursing home…among them the mother of a local district fire chief
January 19, 2004. Maryville, Tennessee, 5 residents died in a nursing home fire
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Noncombustible structure (not protected)
No auto. Sprinklers
Automatic Fire alarm
Smoke compartmentation
Some staff
training
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Fire Starts in Room 202
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Within Smoke Compartment - Doors Open
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Within Smoke Compartment - Doors Closed
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Inside Patient Room - Doors Closed
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Smoke Compartments Work
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Safe Side of Smoke Compartment
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Fire Side of Smoke Compartment
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No Smoke at Vents Door & GWB
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No automatic sprinklers
Spotty staff response
Door to room of origin left open
Patient relocation
Tried to fight fire
Smoke compartments
worked. When closed, corridor
doors blocked smoke.
Retroactive installation of automatic
sprinklers in all existing nursing homes.
(NFPA and Federal Cert.)
Renewed focus on inspections and
training.
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Nursing Home Fires Hospital/Hospice Fires
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Hospital
Nursing Home
Residential Board and Care
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o The codes used to provide this have
evolved over years of experience.
o They have had a significant impact
o This is why how and why, we review current projects
to assure patient, staff/ public safety
o Healthcare facilities have become
comparatively safe. Risk varies based on type
and age of the facility.