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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
CFAES provides research and related educational programs to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis. For
more information: go.osu.edu/cfaesdiversity.
washington.osu.edu
Washington County 4-H Quality Assurance Study Guide
Testing Categories (Primary Project Area): Large Animals: Beef, Sheep, Swine, Dairy, DFS and Goats Small Animals: Rabbits, Turkeys, Ducks, Chickens, Geese The following information is provided as an aid designed to assist the youth market livestock exhibitor in focusing their studying efforts on the basic areas of Quality Assurance that are addressed on the test. In no way does this guide imply or offer the only information that will be included on the Quality Assurance test. The majority of the testing material was taken directly from the project record book and supplemental resource handbooks. Additional study materials can be found on the Washington County Extension website. General Testing Topics Include:
Husbandry
Housing
Animal Identification
Biosecurity
Feeding
Medications
Injections and Routes of Administration
The Ten Good Production Practices
Animal Diseases
Animal Welfare
Handling and Transportation of Animals
Record Keeping
Making ethical decisions
Regulatory Agencies and laws
Environment
Consumer and Food Safety
Proper storage and disposal of medications, feeds, supplies, etc
Drug Labels
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Food Animal Quality Assurance
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
2018
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Food Safety and Government Relations
Youth Food Animal Quality Assurance
Curriculum Guidego.osu.edu/AQCA
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Who is Responsible for Food Safety?
• All segments of the production chain
• At the live animal level:• Food animal producers including:
• Youth food animal project members
• Parents/guardians/family members of youth
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Quality Assurance
• Assurance is a pledge or promise
• Quality defined 2 ways -• A food product preferred by
consumers
• A safe, wholesome food product
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
How Can Youth Exhibitors Ensure Food Safety?
• Supply the packer/processor with animals and/or food products free from drug and chemical residues and physical hazards
• Youth exhibitors must also be aware of withdrawal times
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Ethics and AnimalWelfare
Youth Food Animal Quality Assurance
Curriculum Guide
go.osu.edu/AQCA
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Youth Livestock Exhibitors• Most public arena of
the food animal industry
• Actions of 4-H & FFA members impact:– Public perception of
food animal industry
– Food quality and safety
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Remember: You are representing your organization, club, county, the industry, your
family, and yourself!
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Does the practice break FDA, state, or federal laws?• Does the practice harm the animal?• Does the practice falsely represent the animal?• Do you have to lie to cover up the practice?• Would the public be upset if they knew about the
practice?• Are the food products from this animal marketable? • Would you eat the food produced from this animal?
Ethical Decisions –ASK YOURSELF…
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Daily Observation
– Keep track of observations looking for patterns
– Ensures prompt reaction to needs
– Animal production gives us direction!• Average Daily Gain (ADG)
• Feed Efficiency (FE)
• Physical Evaluation
• Disease
• Behavior Abnormalities
Animal Well-BeingOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Body Condition Scoring (BCS)
Animal Well-Being
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Space
– Stand up
– Lie down
– Turn around
– When lying, a full lateral recumbency should be achieved
• Head should be free from resting on feeder
• Tail should not be in contact with fencing at the same time
Animal Well-BeingOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Euthanasia
– Work with your veterinarian and the VCPR you have established
– Sometimes this is necessary
– Timely –• If animal shows no improvement as a result of severe
condition or illness for more than 2 consecutive days this might be viable option.
– CONSULT with your VETERINARIAN
Animal Well-Being
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Moving Animals
• Be aware of and use the flight zone
• Make sure pathways are clear of obstructions– Can cause bruising and injury
• No yelling, poking, hitting, shocking– Avoid use of electric prods!
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Willful acts of abuse – Unacceptable on any farm or in any show barn!
Right versus Wrong! • Just because another person is doing it?
• Just because we know the person doing it?
• Just because you respect that person?
• THINK! Then ASK!
– If you observe willful acts of abuse you should stop the situation
• If you feel threatened then tell someone confidentially and let them handle the situation
Animal Well-Being
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Use a Valid Veterinarian/Client/Patient
Relationship as the Basis for Medication Decision-making
Good Production Practice #1
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCA
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Important to establish
Manage the health of project animal(s)
Prevention of drug residues
Required for prescription drugs, extra‐label drug use and Veterinary Feed Directives (VFD)
Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR)
GPP #1
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
What is needed for this relationship?
Required that the veterinarian:
has seen and has knowledge of the animal
has discussed a healthy plan or any treatments with the owner
VCPR
GPP #1
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
1. Over the Counter Drugs (OTC)
Can be purchased without a prescription
Should consult veterinarian before use
MUST follow label instructions EXACTLY.
Basic Classes of Drugs
GPP #1
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
2. Prescription Drugs (Rx)
Drugs that require a veterinarian’s written permission for use (prescription).
Label of a Rx drug will state
“CAUTION” “Federal law restricts use by
or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.”
Basic Classes of Drugs
GPP #1
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
1. Label Use Using the drug EXACTLY as stated on the label.
2. Off Label Use of a drug in a manner other than what is
stated on the label AND without guidance from a veterinarian under the extra-label policy.
ILLEGAL
Types of Drug Use
GPP #1
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
3. Extra‐Label Using an animal drug in a
manner not in accordance with the approved drug labeling, but with the guidance of a veterinarian
Types of Drug Use
GPP #1
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Examples of Extra‐Label drug use:
Increased dosage Changing route of administration Changing length of treatment Treating a disease or condition not listed on
the label Treating a species not listed on the label NOTE: must obtain withdrawal time from vet!
Extra-Label
GPP #1
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Category for new antimicrobial drugs used in the feed to treat disease
Must have a VFD to feed the product
Extra-label use NOT permitted
Veterinary Feed Directive
GPP #1
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Establish and Implement an Efficient and Effective Health
Management Plan
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
Good Production Practice #2
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Health Management Plan
•Herd/Flock health is a key to food safety! Controls disease
Reduces risk of drug residue
Improves health and welfare
Increases production and efficiency
Costs less money to prevent than to treat
Establishes vaccination plans, biosecurity protocols & emergency preparedness
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Health Management Plan Components
•Should include these key components
Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR)
Development of a herd/flock health plan
Development of a biosecurity plan
Foreign animal disease and emergency preparedness procedures
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Herd/Flock Health PlanWork with your veterinarian to develop
• Vaccination protocols• Parasite control protocols• A schedule of regular health checks –
review vaccination & treatment records, discuss health concerns
• A calendar to execute the health plan
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Development Biosecurity Plan
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Biosecurity Plan• Part of an effective health plan• Uses management practices to reduce risk of infectious diseases•Maximize animal health and performance•Minimize food borne contamination
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Disease Transmission from Farm to Farm
Rodents, wildlife, birds, petsBetween animalsSame speciesDifferent species
Vehicles, EquipmentNew animalsHumans Clothes, shoesAir
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Biosecurity can be either:
•External•Keeping diseases out of a herd/flock
•Internal•Keeping diseases already in one or more segments of the herd/flock from spreading to other segments
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Internal Biosecurity• Work with your veterinarian when you
have a sick animal• Have separate facilities for sick animals• Have clothing/shoes/boots that are only
worn to the barn• Keep feed and feed bunks free of manure• Clean waterers on a regular basis
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Use Antibiotics Responsibly
Good Production Practice #3
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCA
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Treatment of illness
• Control and prevention of disease
• Improve nutritional efficiency
Antibiotic Use in Food Animal Production
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Principles for responsible antibiotic use:
• Take appropriate steps to decrease the need for antibiotics
• Assess advantages and disadvantages
• Use antibiotics only when they provide measurable benefits
• Fully implement the management practices described for responsible use of animal health products into daily operation
• Have a working veterinarian/client/patient relationship (VCPR) and follow the responsible antibiotic use guidelines
Antibiotic Use in Food Animal Production
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Guidelines for use:
• Use a veterinarian to help you make decisions
• Treat only when there is a clinical diagnosis
• Treat only ill or at-risk animals - the fewest number
• Carefully review and justify treatment when dealing with potential antibiotic resistant infections
• It is illegal to mix together medications by a producer
• Handle and dispose of animal health products properly to minimize environmental exposure
Antibiotic Use in Food Animal Production
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Properly Store and Administer Animal Health Products
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
Good Production Practice #4
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Who is responsible for proper drug administration?
• Exhibitors
AND
• Parents/Guardians
AND
• Producers
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Responsible Drug Use• Make sound decisions
– Read, understand and follow label directions
– Keep and know medication records and animal ID treatment status of ALL animals
– Identify all treated animals (refer to GPP 6)
– Keeping records
• Removes doubt when marketing previously treated animals
• Helps to assure proper withdrawal times for an animal
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Animal Health Products –Best Practices
• Keep box, medication, and all labels together during storage
• Keep medication labels for your records– Attach in the back of record books or keep with
treatment records
• Keep records for at least one year
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
ALWAYS READ THE LABEL!
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Administering Medications• Types of Injections
– Intramuscular (IM)
• in the muscle
– Subcutaneous (SQ)
• under the skin
– Implants are a subcutaneous injection given in the ear of cattle
• Work with your veterinarian
• No withdrawal time
• Improves growth and feed efficiency
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Administering Medications
– Intraperitoneal (IP) – in the abdominal cavity• Seek veterinary assistance
• Serious injury including death may occur
– Intravenous (IV) – in the vein • Seek veterinary assistance
• Serious injury including death may occur
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Administering Medications• Other types
– Intranasal (IN) – in the nasal passages
– Intramammary Infusion –in the udder through the teat canal
These injections do not use a needle!
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Needle-Use Guidelines• Change needles frequently
– Preferably after each animal
• Retrieve dropped needles and dispose immediately
• Change bent needles
– Never straighten
• Ensure proper disposal of sharps
– Needles, surgical knife blades, and syringes
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Follow Proper Feed Product Protocols
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
Good Production Practice #5
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Medicated Feeds and Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs)
• Medicated cGMPs require that feed
– Complies with federal residue levels for feed
– Assesses feed additives and veterinary drugs used in feed are safe
– Identification of animals fed medicated feed is required
– Meets the required withdrawal time
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Medicated Feeds• Can only feed at level approved by FDA
– No extra-label use of medicated feeds
– This is ILLEGAL!
• Feed at level as indicated on the feed label instructions– Consult veterinarian or nutritionist with
questions
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Storage of Medicated Feeds
• Store at proper moisture and temperature
• Keep medicated feeds separate from non-medicated feeds
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Cross-Contamination• To pollute or taint by contact
• What can you do to reduce the risk of cross-contamination?
– Use different feed scoops• Red for medicated
• Green or another color for non-medicated
– Properly clean feed mixing equipment
– Store medicated feed and other feeds separately
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Guidelines for Good Feeding Practices
• Good housekeeping
• Feed storage
• Handling
• Clean and safe environment
• Labels
• Follow feed tag directions & processor recommendations
• Recordkeeping
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
READ THE LABEL
• Age and type of animal feeding
• Nutrient needs
• Active drug ingredient and withdrawal time
• Know how to calculate proper amounts!!– Consult nutritionist, veterinarian, or
Extension professional
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSIONMed
icated
Feed
Labe
l OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Recordkeeping• Record use of medicated feeds
• Keep complete records of feed formulation
• Swine, sheep, goats, poultry– Keep records 1 year
• Beef and dairy– Keep records 2 years
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Veterinary Feed DirectiveA VFD is a written statement issued by a licensedveterinarian that authorizes the use of an approvedVFD drug or combination VFD drug in or on an animalfeed. This written statement authorizes the client(owner of the animal) to obtain and use animal feedbearing or containing a VFD drug or combination VFDdrug to treat the client’s animals only in accordancewith the conditions for use approved by the FDA(Food and Drug Administration).
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Establish Effective Animal Identification, Medication Records,
and Withdrawal TimeGood Production Practice #6
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCA
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Why is ID important?• Important management tool for producers
• Performance measurements
• Identify treated animals
• Track ownership and movement
• From birth to harvest
• Track disease outbreaks in food animal industry
• Ensure consumer confidence through traceability of food animal products
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Identification Methods
• Freeze Branding• Preferred method
• No damage to hide and less stress to animal
• Hot Branding• Typically used as a farm or
group ID
• Damage to hide and decreases value
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Identification Methods
• Tattoo• Permanent
• Not easy to read for daily management
• DNA• Blood or hair
• Unique to each animal
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Identification Methods
• Nose Print• Like a finger print
• Unique to each animal
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Identification Methods
• Ear Tags• Most common form of
ID
• Common ear tag is the least expensive
• Electronic ID (EID)• Ear tag, implant or
rumen bolus
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Identification Methods
• Ear notching• Used commonly in
swine
• Permanent
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Identification Methods
• Neck Chain
• Wing Band
• Leg Band
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Scrapie ID Program
• What animals must have a scrapie ID tag?• ALL intact sheep and goats
• ALL sheep and goats over 18 months (including wethers)
• Purchased outside of Ohio
• Enter Ohio and used for exhibition or breeding purposes
• Records must be kept for 5 years including: • Name and address of breeder, and
• Buyer
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Maintain Medication Treatment Records
• All food producers are required to keep medication and treatment records.
• Ohio Drug Use Notification Form (DUNF) must be filled out by ALL exhibitors of market and lactating animal projects.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Treatment Records
• Should include:• Individual animal ID
• Date treated
• Name of product administered
• Amount of drug administered (dosage)
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Treatment Records
• Should include:• Route and location of administration
• Withdrawal period
• Earliest date animal(s) will have cleared the withdrawal period
• Identity of the person who administered
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Treatment Records
• Can include other important information:• Condition being treated
• Weight of animal
• Product lot/serial number
• Results, comments
• Look at species record books and quality assurance programs for treatment record options
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Minimum Treatment Record
Animal ID
Date & Time Product Dosage
Route of
Admin
With-drawal Period
Date & Time Withdrawal Complete
Person Adminis-
tering
#100
7/4/18
9 AMOmni-biotic
10 cc IM28
days8/1/18
9 AM
Joe Johnson,
Vet
From Project Record Book
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Treatment Record Forms
• Drug Use Notification Form (DUNF)
• Must be filled out by every animal exhibitor
• Keep accurate records to correctly fill out form before exhibiting animal
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Treatment Record Forms
• Individual or Pen Treatment Records• Project record books
• Resource handbooks
• PQA Level III Manual
• Ohio Beef Quality Assurance Manual
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
* Ohio Law REQUIRES 1 year. These are recommendations by species.
How long should you keep your records?
Species Years
Poultry, Rabbit 1
Beef, Dairy Beef 2
Swine 3
Sheep, Goats (Required by federal law) 5
Dairy Cows & Heifers 5
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Animal Tracing
• An animal tracing movement record includes:• Animal’s or group’s identification number
• PIN of sending and receiving premises
• Date of movement
• Number of animals moved and reason for movement
• Maintain records for recommended time depending on species and make available to animal health officials for inspection
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Avoid Drug Residue: Know and Observe Withdrawal Times
• Period of time that must pass between the last treatment and the time the animal…
• Will be harvested
• Milk taken
• Eggs harvested
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Avoid Drug Residue Violations• Do NOT market animals for food until the withdrawal
time is complete
• Only use medication approved for the species being treated
• Do exactly as the label directs or as prescribed by the veterinarian
• Consult veterinarian with questions and concerns
• If in doubt, conduct a drug residue test
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Practice Good Environmental Stewardship
Good Production Practice #7
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCA
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Practice Good Environmental Stewardship
• The goal of environmental stewardship is to protect our natural resources.
• Water
• Air
• Land
• Includes being a good neighbor in our community.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Environmental Management Practices
• There are five main environmental managementpractices that help producers protect our water,air and land.
• General Site Conditions
• Buildings
• Manure Management
• Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
• Inspection
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Each state has different nutrient management requirements that producers should follow on their farm.
• Manure storage systems should be sized to contain the anticipated manure generation from the maximum number of animals that could be housed at the operation for the time periods between manure removal set forth in the operation’s Nutrient Management Plan (NMP).
Manure Management
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Emergency contact phone numbers should be posted near telephones, the entrance gate and/or outside the buildings.
• The EAP can include:
• Operation Information
• Site Contacts Plan
• Hazard Plan
• Maintenance/Training Center information
Emergency Action Plan
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Daily, Weekly and Monthly Inspections• Manure storage and disposal method• Insect and rodent population control method• Drinking water and cooling devices• Pens, alley and facilities free of excessive manure• Fencing• Building ventilation system• Disposal of animal health products• Cooling and heating systems• Proper shelter and shade• Dead animal disposal methods• Emergency contact list
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Maintain Proper Workplace Safety
Good Production Practice #8
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCA
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Maintain Proper Workplace Safety
• Safety is everyone’s responsibility including exhibitors, family members, friends, and so on.
• If any one person does not take a personal responsibility for working in and maintaining a safe work area, that person puts himself/herself and others at risk.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Emergency Action Plan
All caretakers must be familiar with emergency procedures for the operation.• Farm Emergency Information Sheet listing who to call, what to say and what
steps to follow in case of an emergency.• Address of facility.• People at the farm trained in first aid.• Location of first aid kits, fire extinguishers and alarms.• Evacuation plan for each building.• Emergency farm map.• Emergency contact information outside building for caretakers and neighbors
to use if they notice something is wrong.Owner number, veterinarian number, power and electric company, emergency 911, etc.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Personal Protective Equipment
•Designed to protect you from loud noises, dust, chemicals and other substances that can harm your health.
•Wear equipment the entire time you’re working on a task.
•Keep PPE clean and in good shape and check for damage each time you wear it.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Wash hands before and after working in barn and with animals.
• Wear waterproof and puncture resistant gloves when caring for sick animals or assisting with procedures.
• Wear facial protection whenever exposed to splashes or sprays.
• Clean all injured areas with soap and water immediately.• Establish designated areas for eating and drinking.
Personal Hygiene
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Other Ways to Promote Health and Safety
Needle Sticks and Cuts• Dispose of all sharps in designated puncture-proof sharps containers.
• Report all accidental injections and cuts to an adult immediately.
Safe Animal Handling• Understand typical animal behavior by reviewing GPP 9.
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Provide Proper Animal Handling and Care
Good Production Practice #9
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCAAdapted from National Pork Board, Youth Pork Quality Assurance Plus Handbook
Lucinda B. Miller, Ph.D., Extension Specialist, 4-H Youth Development
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Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Proper Animal Care and Well-Being• Every caretaker (youth exhibitor, parent,
guardian, producer, etc.) has ethical responsibility to protect and promote well-being of animals in his/her care by– Providing feed, water, and shelter (environment)
– Providing proper care, handling and transportation
– Protecting animal health and providing appropriate treatment, including veterinary care
– Using approved practices to euthanize in timely manner and properly dispose of carcass
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Three Basic Needs
• Water
• Food
• Shelter– Environment
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Water• Provide clean, fresh, cool water DAILY• Sufficient water for all animals• Clean waterers on regular basis• Know water requirements for your animals• Water requirements change based on
– Weather/environment– Maturity of animal– Feed consumption– Species– Stage of production
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Feed
• Know nutrient needs of the animals
• Feed proper amount of feed
• Avoid restricting feed to maintain a weight or lose weight for show
• GPP #5 covers proper feed processing protocols
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Shelter – Animal’s Environment
• Needed to provide animals escape from harsh environments
• Animals at different ages require different amounts of space
• Animals at different stages of production require different amounts of space
• Provide sufficient space for animal based on animal’s weight at end of project or to a mature weight
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Sanitation
• Provide clean bedding
• Remove waste in timely manner– Prevents spread of disease
– Reduces fly problems and odors
• Clean and disinfect facilities before new animals arrive
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Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Pens, Floors, Alleyways
• Sharp or protruding objects may cause skin lesions
• Broken slats or uneven flooring may cause lameness or leg injuries
• Floors should be rough enough to minimize slips and falls, but not so much as to injure pad or sole of hoof
• Need non-slip flooring where animals are handled
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Animals must have enough space to– Spread wings comfortably within coop or pen
– Move around and get away from each other if needed
• Refer to species Resource Handbooks for space requirements
• Refer to Ohio Livestock Care Standards
Body Space
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Helps verify that other aspects of well-being program have positive effects on animals
• Production Performance– Indicator of animal’s well-being
– May be compromised if animal’s well-being is compromised
– Production performance measures to track include• Average Daily Gain
• Feed Efficiency
• Mortality Rates
Animal Evaluation
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Use best animal handling and movement practices for the good well-being of animal and safety of handler
• Improperly handled animals become distressed which can lead to– Physical injury to animal– Physical injury to handler– Increase in incidence of non-ambulatory animals– Increase in time to load and unload animals– Reduced growth rates and performance– Significantly contributing to carcass shrink, trim loss and
poor meat quality
Safe Animal Handling
Good Production Practice #8
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
• Not using or incorrect use of following/herding concepts can cause injury to animal if trying to escape
• Visual gaps between pens, alleys, ramps, gates, chutes, etc. can be seen as escape route for animal and can result in injuries
• Not using or incorrect use puts handler and other people at risk for injury
Following/Herding InstinctOHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Utilize Tools for Continuous Improvement
Good Production Practice #10
Assuring Quality Care for Animals
Food Animal Quality Assurance
go.osu.edu/AQCA
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OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Utilize Tools for Continuous Improvement
• Foundation of Youth Quality Assurance program
• All new animal caretakers must be trained in their duties, whether caring for one or 100+ animals
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Utilize Tools for Continuous Improvement
• Conduct site assessments on a regular basis to benchmark animal care practices and measure well-being
• Three core areas to evaluate when measuring and benchmarking:
• Records
• Facilities
• Animal observations
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION
Training Animal Caretakers
• All caretakers, regardless of age, should be engaged in training and education
• Training programs vital to understand and implement the Good Production Practices (GPPs) for promoting food safety while improving animal production efficiency
• Essential for caretakers’ safety and assuring humane care of animals that will not jeopardize the safety of the food product