Concern Worldwide’s Karamoja Programme Dissemination

EventFebruary 7th, 2017

Achunge FelixSanitation and Hygiene

Manager RWANU

Improved Health and Nutrition at household level,

learning from RWANU WaSH.

Introduction• Started in Oct. 2012 as part of the original program with activities in one

parish, Nadunget sub-county, Moroto District. • Expanded in Oct. 2014 to cover two more parishes in Moroto District,

four more parishes in Nakapiripirit and two more parishes in Amudat.• Objective: Reduced malnutrition in mothers and children under five,

through improved health and nutrition practices at household level.

Key Activities Implemented• Community mobilization and sensitization using CLTS approach.• Provision of clean water through the rehabilitation of defective boreholes.• Capacity building for sustainability.

Beneficiary Locations

MorotoNadunget sub-county reaching 7,170 people in 23 villages.

• Living in Manyattas• Main livelihood being animal rearing, with some

business and farming• Food insecurity leading to high dependence

syndrome

NakapiripiritLoregae and Nabilatuk sub-county reaching 25,247 people in 26 villages.

• Living in Manyattas• Main livelihood being animal rearing with some

commercial farming and business

AmudatKarita sub-county reaching 4,735 people in 15 villages.

• Living in open homesteads• Main livelihood being animal rearing with some

commercial farming and business

Beneficiary Locations Beneficiary Characteristic

CLTS Triggering• Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is an approach first used in Uganda circa 2007.

• Recognized in the 2010 National Development Plan as a low-cost approach for mobilizing communities to stop open defecation in their villages.

• Traditionally, CLTS relies on shame, disgust and fear to stop the action of open defecation in villages.

• In Moroto, Nakapiripirit and Amudat, several partners including district departments are implementing CLTS and other approaches to improve on Hygiene and Sanitation (H&S) in the villages, but up to 2015 sanitation coverage remained at 4.6% (RWANU baseline).

• In Oct 2014, the first five triggering attempts by RWANU yielded no shame, fear and negative attitude toward change.

A Shift to CLTS-Plus• First implemented by FHI 360 in Kenya, Mali and some parts of Uganda with a focus on

latrine accessibility by elderly, disabled and pregnant mothers (FHI 360 WaSH-plus, 2015)

• RWANU team adopted CLTS-plus to address the challenge of community attitude to change, soil type, hand washing and sanitation alternatives that relate to the Karamoja context.

Before shifting to CLTS+ After shifting to CLTS+

Sanitation Marketing • An approach aimed at stimulating effective and sustainable household demand

for sanitation products and latrine services.

• In Africa, Sanitation Marketing was first implemented in Benin with over 25,000 latrines constructed across the country. In Uganda, Sanitation Marketing is successful in Tororo District.

• In RWANU, the team started piloting Sanitation Marketing in Jan 2016 with the aim of creating a demand for improved latrines and reducing tree cutting.

Rehabilitation of Defective Boreholes

• Nationally, borehole functionality has increased since 2013 - 90% target not yet achieved.

• The functionality rate of boreholes is lower in Karamoja then in the rest of the county.

Water and Sanitation Sector Performance Report (SPR) 2016

• National functionality - 86% in 2016.

• Napak functionality - 58% to 70% in 2016

• Moroto and Nakapiripirit functionality – 71% to 77% in 2016

• Amudat functionality – 78% to 83% in 2016

Factors Considered When Planning for Borehole Rehabilitation in Karamoja

1. Groundwater distribution within the district.

2. Weather conditions.

3. Technology and skilled labour (U3 modified or U2).

4. Livestock needs.

5. Operation and Maintenance (O&M).

Trainings Achieved at Community Level

• CLTS Plus, and Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) targeting parish, sub-county and district officers.

• Operation and management targeting Water & Sanitation Committees.• Pit excavation and latrine slabbing targeting youth (masons).• Tippy tap installation and operation, targeting Lead Mothers.• Pit latrine construction targeting RWANU Health Promoters and Health Educators.

Lessons Learnt

• Innovation of existing WaSH approaches is necessary in Karamoja for good results.

• Strategies that work in one district may not work in another in Karamoja.

• CLTS follow-up to Open Defecation Free (ODF) declaration takes between 10 to 12 months, as opposed to 6 month in other areas.

• Triggering over 60 villages in one quarter leads to low ODF achievement.

• Involving elders improves community attitude towards change.

Key Achievements

• Being the first to declare villages open defecation free in the three districts; four villages declared ODF and four more are undergoing verification.

• General improvement in sanitation coverage; Moroto increased from 3.6% to 10.7% (district report, 2016).

• Community repairing their boreholes; communities were responsible for the maintenance costs of four boreholes requiring repairs.

• Adoption of sun-baked block technology; more than half of the villages in Loregae sub-county have structures made of blocks.

Gaps and RecommendationsGaps RecommendationsLinkages between WUCs, HPMs and district supply stores

• Train and link HPMs to WUCs and district water office for spares and regulation of charges.

Hygiene and sanitation status • Integrate H&S to all activities including Care groups.• Consider home improvement campaign in ODF

villages, CLTS-plus in non triggered villages and CHAST for schools pupils.

Functionality of boreholes • Introduce vegetable growing to water source management.

• Rehabilitate boreholes on a need based strategy.• Solar motorized scheme for Loregae and Karita.

Construction materials, poles and grass.

• Scale-up use of sun-baked block to improve on pit latrine structure while promoting cat sanitation in areas with loose soil structure.

Community ownership and high demand for subsidy

• Involve, elders and other community leaders in advocacy

Thank You