BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

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International Peace and Development Through Aquaculture MAY 9-13, 2005 BALI INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER NUSA DUA, BALI- INDONESIA

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World Aquaculture 2005 International Peace & Development Through Aquaculture PREFACEIt is our special pleasure to welcome all our participants to Bali for World Aquaculture 2005, the 36th annual meeting of the World Aquaculture Society and our fourth conference in Asia & the Pacic - Bangkok (1996), Sydney (1999), Beijing (2002) and now Bali (2005). Indonesia is the fth largest aquaculture producer in the world (after China, India, Japan & the Philippines) and by 2003, total annual aquaculture production of foodsh (nsh, crustaceans and molluscs) had exceeded 992,000 t, worth US$ 1.7 billion. The 2003 production of red seaweeds added a further 232,000 t, worth US$ 16 million. The theme of World Aquaculture 2005 is International Peace and Development through Aquaculture and the event provides a wonderful opportunity for global participants to meet their Indonesian scientic and commercial colleagues in this industry and to visit aquaculture research and production sites. In the aftermath of the terrible tsunami that devastated aquaculture in Aceh, Indonesia and other countries in the region, the conference will provide a timely opportunity to review the latest developments to assist in the reconstruction of aquaculture infrastructure and reinvigoration of an industry so important in the region for food security, poverty alleviation and economic development. It has been a pleasure to develop what we hope you will nd an interesting conference program and a fascinating exposition. There are more than 50 sessions during the four days of the conference and, at any moment, there are 10 concurrent topics for you to choose from! These sessions cover a huge range of subjects, from marine nsh to freshwater prawns, from nutrition to health, from environmental concerns to product quality, and from producers to the work of NGOs in developing countries. We are particularly pleased to bring you several special sessions organized by staff from FAO, NACA, AES and IAEEM on aquaculture management, environmental management, emergency preparations and response to disease, socio-economics and impacts of aquaculture, microalgae-based recirculation systems, public policies for aquaculture sustainability, tuna farming, economics and marketing. In addition, there are several special sessions, including one on tsunami disaster relief; another on Japanese aquaculture cooperation activities in Asia; and a producer session for Indonesian shrimp farmers. There are also many fascinating posters on display. Abstracts of all the presentations, whether poster or oral, are contained in the abstracts publication. We hope that you will nd this collation (and the contact addresses that they include) useful in your work. Developing a complex program like this is time-consuming and sometimes difcult; it cannot be achieved without the cooperation and enthusiasm of numerous friends and colleagues, all working voluntarily, including the members of the steering and program committees (listed in the Program Book) and the program section coordinators listed below. Space does not allow us to list every session chair here but they are also gratefully acknowledged in the Program Book. We sincerely thank those who have worked so hard to bring you this conference. Last but not least we wish to thank two people who are too modest to allow us to name them in the Directory - Mary and John Cooksey - whose dedication and unfailing cheerfulness have made what might otherwise have been a chore for the program co-chairs into a pleasure. Finally, if you enjoy the program in Bali this week, please join us again during AQUA 2006, which combines the annual meetings of the World Aquaculture Society and the European Aquaculture Society, in Florence, Italy (9-13 May 2006).

Fatuchri Sukadi & Geoff Allan, Steering Committee Co-Chairs Endhay Kusnendar & Michael New, Program Committee Co-ChairsProgramme Section Coordinators: Global Issues - Economics and Environment: Mohamed Shariff, Luki Adrianto Sustainable Production Systems: Pedro Bueno, Sena de Silva, Slamet Budi Prayitno Finsh Culture: Mike Rimmer, Ketut Sugama Crustacean Culture: Tzachi Samocha, Coco Kokarkin Mollusc Culture: Jay Parsons, Ita Widowati Overviews and Other Topics: Yngvar Olsen, Agung Sudaryono

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TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface......................................................................3 Abstracts ..................................................................9 Abstract Addendum .............................................735 Author Index ........................................................753 Subject Index .......................................................775

DISCLAIMERThe World Aquaculture Society prints abstracts in this Abstract Book exactly as they are submitted without editing or conrmation of material contained in the abstract. The World Aquaculture Society has no responsibility fo the information contained in the abstracts. The World Aquaculture Society is not responsible for authors or contact information contained in the abstracts. The World Aquaculture Society does not have any liability for problems or damages caused by the use of the information in the abstracts published in the Abstract Book. Any one using these abstracts needs to verify the information in the abstracts on their own before utiilizing such information and will have full liability for results of using such information.

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ABSTRACTS

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TRACING THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC WASTE FROM A SALMON FARM IN THE DIET OF THE DEEP-WATER PRAWN Pandalus borealis USING LIPID BIOMARKERSSiri Aaserud Olsen *, Arne Ervik, Otto Grahl-Nielsen, Tina Kutti and Tore Hister Department of Biology University of Bergen Thor Mhlensgt 55 N-5050 Bergen siri.a.olsen@student.uib.no Previous investigations have shown that there is no or little organic enrichment of the sediment beneath large sh farms at exposed sites. Large effects on the abundance and species composition in infauna communities have been detected at the same sites. Organic waste from sh farms can cause changes in the species relationships also at higher trophic levels, like shrimps, in fjord ecosystems. Fatty acids (FA) can be used to trace the organic waste from the sh farms in animal tissue. Salmon feed contains some terrestrial lipids, and has different fatty acid prole than marine lipids. Deep-water prawns (Pandalus borealis) were collected from Uggdalsfjord (sh farm present) and Fanafjord (sh farm absent) in January 2004. In addition, individuals were collected from Fanafjord to investigate the inuence of diet on the fatty acid composition in prawn tissue in a 12-week feeding experiment. 80 prawns were put into each of six tanks. Prawns in three of the tanks were fed pieces of codsh, while prawns in the other three tanks were the fed salmon feed pellets. Every 10 days seven prawns from each tank were sampled. Using gas-chromatography 37 FA were identied from the prawn muscles and the given feed. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to compare the FA composition between samples. Preliminary results from the feeding experiment indicates that prawns given salmon feed have a FA composition that differs from prawns given codsh, and that both groups tend to approach the FA composition of the given feed (g 1). Comparing prawns from the two fjords, we found a signicant difference in the FA composition (g 2). The results indicate that sh farm waste could be a major food source for the prawns in Uggdalsfjord.

Figure 1: Percentage of the 18:2n6 and 20:4n6 fatty acid in prawns and feed, from day 10 to 86 in the feeding experiment.

Figure 2: Principal Component Plot from Sirius 6.6, showing the fatty acid composition in prawns from two fjords.

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MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES TOWARDS IMPROVING FOOD SAFETY, QUALITY AND ESTABLISHING TRACEABILITY OF AQUACULTURE PRODUCTSLahsen Ababouch Fish Utilization and Marketing Service Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy lahsen.ababouch@fao.org International trade in sh and shery products has increased signicantly over the years with exports rising from US $ 8000 million in 1976 to approximately US $ 582000 million in 2002. Thirty seven percent of sh produced for human consumption now enters international trade. Developing countries participate actively in this trade and currently represent over 50% of exports. Three major market areas: The European Union, USA and Japan, absorb more than 75% of the global sh exports. This increase in international trade has signicantly accelerated technological developments and raised new safety and quality challenges. The food and feed scares of recent decades as well as developments in food processing to meet consumers quest for minimally processed foods have exposed the weakness in traditional food control systems. Furthermore, the rapid development of aquaculture has opened a new dimension regarding sh safety. Fish products in general and aquaculture products in particular have been subject to close scrutiny for their safeness for consumption within international sh trade. For example, the European Union (EU) alert system for food and feed indicated that sh and shery products were responsible in 2002 for the largest category (over 25%) of food safety and quality alerts. Of these, aquaculture products were particularly targeted for veterinary drug residues and import of aquaculture products from various countries was subjected to drastic conditions, which led to a signicant disruption of trade ows considered by many exporting countries as technical barriers to trade. Newer proactive quality and safety approaches were needed to address the risk of cross-border transmission of infectious and hazardous agents and to deal with emerging food-borne diseases and quality problems. This required and accelerated the development of proactive, integrated and preventive food safety policy applicable throughout the entire food chainfrom farm or sea to table. This policy must be scientically based, adaptive and responsive to changes in the food production chain. It should be articulated around the use of risk analysis to develop food safety objectives and standards and on the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) systems. This presentation addresses the major principles of sh safety and quality management principles deriving from the SPS (sanitary and phytosanitary) and TBT (technical barriers to trade) agreements of the World Trade Organization

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MARKET ACCESS REQUIREMENTS FOR AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS Lahsen Ababouch Fish Utilization and Marketing Service Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy, lahsen.ababouch@fao.org The rapid growth in aquaculture production and trade has made the sector important to the economies of many countries, especially developing countries, both for food security and trade. Over the years, aquaculture has helped to stabilize sh supplies and prices. However, market forces are inuencing aquaculture development, particularly commercial and industrial aquaculture. To organize markets, major importing regions and countries have set stringent standards, rules and regulations to ensure quality and safety as well as to reduce social and environmental impacts of production. These market access requirements include rules for trade in endangered species, labeling for origin, traceability, chain of custody, and standards for biological and chemical hazards, particularly zero tolerance for certain veterinary drug residues. Aquaculture products are also targets for Salmonella reduction strategies and there is increasing concern about organic contaminants in farmed sh and seafood. Thus, in 2002, sh and shery products represented the largest category (over 25 percent) of food safety and quality alerts in the European Union. Of these, aquaculture products were particularly targeted for veterinary drug residues and resulted in the banning of imports from several countries. There is a need to harmonize import/export standards, based on available scientic evidence, to avoid non-tariff trade barriers. In order to improve the sectors public image and also to win consumer condence, various market strategies, such as product certication, eco-labeling, ethical or fair trade, and organic produce, have been developed. Considerable progress has been made in adopting them. However the challenge is to ensure that the costs of compliance to these international trading standards do not put small-scale producers in developing countries (the largest proportion of aquaculture producers in many countries) out of business. Innovative trading practices that take account of the special circumstances of small-scale producers, including some of the poorest producers, and external assistance will be essential to develop capacity among small producers in developing countries to participate in international market chains for aquaculture products. Increasing proliferation of certication and eco-labeling schemes increases costs and causes confusion in markets, and timely international harmonization of sh import/export standards and approaches, based on available scientic evidence, is now required to organize international trade and eliminate disguised non-tariff trade barriers. This presentation reviews recent developments in market access requirements for aquaculture products and international efforts to promote harmonization, with a particular focus on FAOs undertakings.

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SAFETY, QUALITY AND TRACEABILITY REQUIREMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL FISH TRADELahsen Ababouch Fish Utilization and Marketing Service Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy, lahsen.ababouch@fao.org The rapid growth in aquaculture production and trade has made the sector important to the economies of many countries, especially developing countries, both for food security and trade. However, market forces are inuencing aquaculture development, particularly commercial and industrial aquaculture. To organize markets, major importing regions and countries have set stringent standards, rules and regulations to ensure quality and safety as well as to reduce social and environmental impacts of production. The safety and quality requirements for market access include labeling for origin, traceability, and standards for biological and chemical hazards, particularly zero tolerance for certain veterinary drug residues. Aquaculture products are also targets for Salmonella reduction strategies and there is increasing concern about organic contaminants in farmed sh and seafood. Thus, in 2002, sh and shery products represented the largest category (over 25 percent) of food safety and quality alerts in the European Union. Of these, aquaculture products were particularly targeted for veterinary drug residues and resulted in the banning of imports from several countries. There is a need to harmonize import/export standards, based on available scientic evidence, to avoid non-tariff trade barriers. This presentation reviews emerging safety and quality issues for aquaculture products and ways and means to manage them, with particular focus on HACCP and good aquaculture practices.

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SPERM QUALITY OF CARP FISH Cyprinus carpio var. MAJALAYA 24 HOURS POST- CRYOPRESERVATION: THE CRYOPROTECTANT EFFECT OF DIMETHYL FORMAMIDEAbinawanto*, Narista Pramandhani and Yanuarso Eddy Hedianto Genetics Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences University of Indonesia Depok 16424, Indonesia nawanto@makara.cso.ui.ac.id Carp sh, Cyprinus carpio var. Majalaya is one of the local carp, widely cultured in Indonesia. When breeding, the genealogy of individual sh is given much consideration, and pairs of sh are carefully matched. However, it is often difcult to obtain a specic sexually mature male and female sh at the same time under favourable conditions for breeding. This difculty can be resolved by articial fertilization using cryopreserved sperm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cryoprotectant effect of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) on the sperm quality of carp sh 24 hours post-cryopreservation. Sperm was collected by the hand stripping method and was examined for motility, viability, and abnormality under the microscope. The samples were immediately diluted with extender (Kurokura et al. 1984) and cryoprotectant (DMF). The nal concentrations of DMF were 0, 3.75, 7.5, and 11.25%, respectively. Straw-type polyethylene tubes were used as containers for diluted sperm. Equilibration were carried out at 0-2o C for 60-180 min. Sperm were frozen by liquid nitrogen gas in a methanol-dry ice bath for 15 min. After freezing, all straws were placed in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours. All sperm were re-examined after thawing. Motility data showed that preserved sperm in DMF 0, 3.75, 7.5, and 11.25% at 24 hours post cryopreservation were 0, 15.57, 29.23, and 23.87%, respectively compared with 82.64% obtained with fresh sperm. The highest percentage of the motility of preserved sperm was showed by the DMF 7.5%. Further, the viability data was demonstrated by the preserved sperm in DMF 0, 3.75, 7.5, and 11.25% at 24 hours post-cryopreservation were 15.17, 28.33, 35.15, and 42.17%, respectively compared with 96.17% obtained with fresh sperm. The highest percentage level of the viability was also showed by the DMF 7.5%. On the other hand, abnormality data showed that preserved sperm in DMF 0, 3.75, 7.5, and 11.25% at 24 hours post-cryopreservation were 99.67, 90.83, 67.17, and 77%, respectively, compared with 21% obtained with fresh sperm. The

Percentage of spermatozoa motility and viability of carp sh at the post-equilibration (PE), post-cryopreservation (PC), and under fresh sperm (FS) condition.

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ADVANTAGES OF USING COMMERCIAL PROBIOTICS FOR PRODUCING ROTIFERSTawq S. Abu-Rezq* and Charles M. James Kuwait Institute for Scientic Research Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Environment Department P.O. Box 1638 22017 Salmiya Kuwait taburezq@mfd.kisr.edu.kw In recent years, rotifers have been used as biological carriers of probiotics in marine sh larval rearing programs towards controlling pathogenic bacterial strains in sh larvae. However, information available on the effect of commercially available probiotics in rotifer cultures is limited. In this study, a commercially available probiotic Alken Clear-Flo 1006 (ACF1006) was used in a rotifer production system to evaluate the benecial effects of using such probiotics in rotifer cultures. First set of experiment was aimed at evaluating the effect of using ACF-1006 alone or in combination with Chlorella as well as in combination with Chlorella and bakers yeast to assess the growth of rotifers. Growth of rotifers in Chlorella alone or Chlorella in combination with bakers yeast without the probiotic was kept as control. The results show that the rotifer productivity was signicantly high (P