warsaw university of technology faculty of electronics and information technology institute of...
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Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Electronics and Information TechnologyFaculty of Electronics and Information Technology
Institute of Electronic SystemsInstitute of Electronic Systems
„High sensitivity CCD cameras for ....
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Camera designers
Electronics:
Marcin Grajdab) Grzegorz Kasprowicza), Sławomir Stankiewiczb),
Mount:
Henryk Czyrkowski, Mikolaj Cwiok, Ryszard Dabrowskisupervised by:
•a) R. Romaniuk, K. Pozniak, Institute of Electronic Systems
•b) A.Burd, Institute of Electronic Systems
project coordinators:
•G.Wrochna, Institute for Nuclear Studies
•L.Mankiewicz, Center for Theoretical Physic PAS
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Required camera parametersRequired camera parameters
•low-noise, high sensitivity
•high resolution of optics and data
•wide observation angle
•fast camera-host computer data transfer
•mechanical shutter (10^7 duty cycles)
•side light beams attenuation
•lowest possible cost (possible multiplication)
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Side view on the camera: with (left)
and without case (top)
PCB – with small „corrections”
„„First steps” (1) – K0, K1First steps” (1) – K0, K1
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„„First steps” (2) – K0, K1First steps” (2) – K0, K1
K1 shutter design
K0, K1 – on the mount
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Achieved goalsAchieved goals
•two working low-noise cameras – K2a, K2b
•precise mount able to point both cameras in any visible part of the Sky
•(R&D) – new, low-noise amplifier capable to amplify CCD signal with better parameters than now installed
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Achieved goals - camera parametersAchieved goals - camera parameters
•CCD: 2048 x 2048 pixels, (15µm x 15µm) – Fairchild CCD442
•ADC: 16 bit – Analog Devices ADC AD9826
•shortest possible readout time ~1s
•35O x 35O view angle
•data noise: depend of readout speed (results: later)
•30.72 x 30.72mm image area
•dynamic range 10000:1
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Firmware download and „security”Firmware download and „security”
•fully, remote upgradable firmware of FPGA and Cypress microcontroller
•watchdog reset system in the camera
•microcontroller firmware loaded only into RAM memory
•host computers can reset each other
•UPS suppliers
“Security” systems
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Variable parametersVariable parameters
•exposure - length/start
•readout time (1s-100s)
•ADC amplification (1,2,4,8 e/ADU)
•OP AMP amplification x8/x20
•ADC offset level - –300mV/+300mV
•temperature of Peltier’s stack
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K2 – PCB’sK2 – PCB’s
K2 – digital PCB
K2 – analog +CCD PCB
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K2 – caseK2 – case
K2 – lens, focus motor and temp. sensor
K2 – tubular shape. Fan on the bottom
camera mechanics designed by H.Czyrkowski i R.Dabrowski
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K2 – test site Brwinow – PolandK2 – test site Brwinow – Poland
K2 – ...on the roof. Sky test shoots were made here
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K2 – the mountK2 – the mount
K2 – the mount and one of its designers M.Ćwiok
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Brwinow by night...
First imagesFirst images
At last - the stars!!!
Too cloudy – art purposes only...
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Results of noise measurementsResults of noise measurements
CCD
mV/eMHz Preamp
Sigma e average
Range ADU
range
bits
K2a
4,12 1 20 11,6 5958 12,5
4,12 2 8 15,9 10868 13,4
K2b
4,03 1 20 10,9 6508 12,7
4,03 2 8 16,0 11108 13,4
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Further plansFurther plans
•prepare development boards for further R&D (S.Stankiewicz)
•test a new low noise amplifier designed by dr A.Burd
•experiment with multisampling measurements and digital filters (M.Grajda)
•work out smaller, less expensive design suitable for schools, astronomy clubs etc. (G.Kasprowicz)
•CCD camera with 2000x2000 pixels have been designed
•one prototype and two final cameras have been built
•parameters achieved: readout 2MHz/2s, noise 15e (e~=4uV), dynamic range 13.5 bits
•two cameras on a robotic mount will be installed at Las Campanas (Chile) in June
SummarySummary