Warping

Warping: The parallel winding of warp ends from many winding packages (cone or cheese) on to a common package (warp beam) is called warping. Types of warping:

1. Beam warping direct warping.

2. Patterns band or drum warping Sectioned warping,(Indirect warping)

3. Ball warping

WARPING:

Direct Warping Denotes the transference of yarns from single-end yarn packages, wound packages, directly to a beam in a one step process. This means that there are an equal number of packages in the creel area as there are ends on the beam, except in the case of a magazine creel. A magazine creel connects the tail of one wound package to the beginning of a new wound package for an easy package transfer. from the wound packages in the creel. Beam Warping A weavers beam may have upto 10,000 ends and if this were to be produced directly it would be necessary to have upto 10,000 creel packages.such an arrangement would be very difficult to accommodate and manage ;consequently it is normal practice to produce warpers beams which may contain upto about 1000 ends and these are combined at the slashing stage.because of the difficulties involved in combining the ends ,patterned warper beams are seldom produced on the direct system and any pattern that is produced is achieved by combining beams of various colors at the later stage of slashing. This imposes limitations which can only overcome by changing to pattern weaving.

TYPES OF WARPING

Sectional Warping Process In sectional warping sections are made sequentially and because of this the process is rather slow ;it is the practice therefore to produce no more than is required to fill a single weavers beam.the result is that the sectional warping is used mainly for short runs or for complex color patterns. Pattern, Band or Drum Warping Because many warpers beams are combined in the direct system,this is usually regarded as a high speed process particularly suitable for single color work .providing the warpers beams are of single color ,it is possible to combine them to produce simple patterns distributed over the warp width. Ball warping Ball Warping is an intermediate process for storing yarn for transport ,dyeing or reserve; It does not produce a beam.the usual form is a cross wound cheese in which multiple ends are wound at the same time in a ribbon which contains perhaps 50 or 100 ends.

TYPES OF WARPING

The essential features of a good warp are as follows:

1. Sufficiently and uniformly strong

2. Uniform in cross section

3. Uniform warp tension

4. Uniformly sized

5. Less hairy and clean

6. Minimum no of knots

7. Proper or standard size and types of knots

8. Free from neps, slubs and loose fibres

9. Parallel arrangement of warp yarn in the weavers beam

QUALITY OF A GOOD WARP

Each warping m/c has the following warping elements & motion:

1. Warping creel for accommodation the bobbin.

2. A builder motion.

3. A guide reed. Uniformly spreading the yarn over the warp width.

4. A measuring motion registering the warping length.

5. An automatic knocking off motion to stop the m/c up on achieving the

required length of warping in case of yarn breakage.

6. A drive

7. A starting & stopping motion.

8. Warping m/c is furnished with package doffers signal devices, blowers.

Fluff -exhaust system.

WARPING ELEMENTS & MOTION

Should meet the following requirement: 1. The tension of all wound ends must be uniform and possibly constant during

all the time of withdrawal from supply packages, otherwise the rate of breakage will be increased & the structure of the ready cloth will be impaired.

2. Warping should not impair the physical & mechanical properties of yarn. The tension should moderate to allow the yarn to completely retain its elastic properties & strength. The yarn should not be subjected to sharp abrasive action.

3. The surface of warping package must be cylindrical. Therefore, the spreading of yarn (density) throughout the whole width of warping must be as uniform as possible.

4. A pre determined length of warping should be observed.

5. The production rate of warping should be as high as possible.

REQUIREMENT OF WARPING

1. The yarns in the sheet should be in uniform spacing.

2. The yarns in the sheet should be in uniform tension.

3. The yarns in the sheet should be of a predetermined length.

4. The sheet should be containing a predetermined number of ends.

5. There should be no broken ends in the beam.

REQUIREMENT OF WARPING

Objects of warping: The object of warping is to convert a predetermined number of single end packages, such as cones or cheeses into a sheet of yarn of specified length & width. The individuals ends in the warp are uniformly spaced across its full width. The warp yarns comprise one of the systems of yarns required to produce a woven fabric & also for warp knitting. The objective at warping, as erroneously considered by many is not at all to remove yarn faults, the breaks due to these being only incidental.

OBJECTS OF WARPING

WARPING PROCESS INVOLVES

Check List Before Production: 1. With the production before data control operator will call-up the following for

recording: 2. Warp length shift 3. Down time. 4. Efficiency. 5. No. of thread breaks. 6. No. of warp beam doffed. 7. Time for thread repair. 8. Time for beam change.

9. Operator must check yarn quality in term of count, material, and color with

customer demand. No mixing is allowed.

10.Operator must check yarn quality in term of strength and record yarn break rate. Standard for good quality yarn 10 breaks/1000000 meter.

CHECK LIST BEFORE PRODUCTION

Importance of warping:

1. Constructions of beam warp yarn.

2. Constructions of a parallel yarn sheet.

3. Modifying the faults of yarn like thick & thin places, large knots etc.

4. Winding the predetermined length of yarn.

5. Combination of small packages.

6. Finding long length of warp yarn.

7. Accelerating the next process.

IMPORTANCE OF WARPING

QUALITY PARAMETER CHECK RESPONSE

Beam surface smoothness No ridge beam allowed, clean the yarn

guide & check the tension for uniformity.

Homogeneous beam diameter Check the alignment of beam & drum, drum

and creel etc.

Yarn exhaustion Replace exhaustion cone with new one.

Yarn break Tying the head end with tail end with

standard with fail size

Operational Stuff

Operational Staff: Section in Charge

Senior Executive

Quality Control Officer

Supervising officer

Senior Operator

Creel man

Helper

Operational Stuff: 1. SUPERVISING OFFICER.

2. OPERATOR.

3. CREEL MAN.

4. HELPER.

As per production program given by Assistant Manager, preparation through the yarn. Warped Record Register; the Supervising Officer collect greige yarn from the store as per required count Lot no. & quality.

The m/c operators and helpers and helpers open/break the yarn cartons & place the yarn cones on the creel peg as per program & draw the head end of each cone through pre-tensioner rods feeler wire, yarn guide & then through expanded comb of beaming unit.

The basic creel data setting& m/c data setting are done according for the required as pr m/c manufacturer instruction.

An empty beam is set between driving clutch & engaged by means of electric switch.

All the ends from the creel is warped around the beam manually one round.

The press roller is moved toward the beam by means of electric switch.

OPERATION PROCEDURE:

The m/c is then run slowly and checked for yarn alignment with beam flange on both sides. To ensure perfect alignment the expended comb may be moved either to the Right side or Left side as required by switch.

Then the m/c is ready & operational & the switch is to be turned on.

As the present length is achieved the m/c will stop automatically. The beam is doffed by switch. Another empty beam is mounted.

In this way a set of beam are made to feed the subsequent sizing process.

Production is recorded in the yarn Warped Record Register. Each beam is set with warping Data sticker for identification in the next process.

OPERATION PROCEDURE:

1. Based on weave plan supervising officer and/or senior operator receive the required dyed yarn from winding section of specific customer order no. as per color and quantity.

2. As per worked out warp pattern scheme senior operator arrange the yarns on the creel following the color pattern. Quality control officer will check any shade variation within the same color. If any variation is found, necessary steps should be taken to use them lot by lot. Quality control officer will sign on the warping program register.

3. The operator & creel man draw the yarn through feeler wire on creel & splits of the leasing reed & then through guide reed & tie in.

4. Then the main switch of main control panel is turned on & cone alignment is done by respective switch.

5. Senior operator will put necessary data entry on the warping data sheet by taking some figure from yarn warped record register & by calculating some values as per prescribed formula in the m/c manufacturers operating instruction book. He will also input these required figurers in the control data unit of the m/c.

WARPING PROCEDURE

6. Hook warp section on to the drum by opening & closing the guide roller.

7. Start warping by pressing foot pedal at the head stock. Machine will run slowly at crawl speed. After 15 meter being wound on, stop the m/c and insert leasing threads. Then again start m/c with run switch at the head stock and finish warping of the section.

8. Then by section alignment switch set the m/c ready for next section. Repeat step-7, and 8 to finish the warping.

WARPING PROCEDURE

WARPING PROCEDURE

All the section thatare wounded up over the drum is doffed in the beam from by beaming process as follows:

Turn the switch from warping to beaming. Set an empty beam in the beam during unit by beam barrel by an adhesive tape

and rotate the beam manually. Set beam flange with measured warp width. Set winding tension value range from 1-6 (calculated value as attached). Run at crawl speed to see alignment either left side or right side by drum

alignment switch. Set the winding speed within a range of 1-160 m/min, depending on yarn quality. Run the m/c with run switch. Doff the beam by unloading switch. Warping data sheet is failed as a production record. Each beam is set with a

warping data sticker for identification in the next process.

Hi-speed warping

HI-SPEED WARPING MACHINE

YARN PATH DIAGRAM OF HI-SPEED WARPING MACHINE

Main Parts:

1. Yarn cone or Chase

2. Balloon Breaker

3. Yarn tensioner

4. Yarn guide

5. Ceramic guide

6. Auto stopper

7. V-reed

8. Lease rod

9. Roller

10. Pressure Roller

11. Pre-beam

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF DIRECT WARPING MACHINE

DIRECT I HI-SPEED WARPING MACHINE

Dispo

Yarn from store

Creeling

Warping

PROCESS FLOW CHART HI-SPEED WARPING MACHINE

DIRECT I HI-SPEED WARPING MACHINE

CREEL: 1. ConeHolder : Hold the cone or arrange the cone in the creel. 2. Yarn Guide : To guide the yarn. 3. Tension Rod : Maintain yarn tension by upper & lower disc tensioner. 4. Ceramic Guide Disc : To guide the yarn from creel to warping m/c. 5. Auto Stop Sensor : To sense the breakage yarn. 6. Creel Panel Board : Display where the yarn break.

HEAD STOCK: 1. Guide Reed : Uniformly spread the yarn over the warp width. 2. Adjustable V-Reed : Guides the yarn to follow the fixed path. 3. Speed Controller : control the speed, crawl speed or full speed. 4. Pressure Roller : Exert required pressure to the warp yarn. 5. Measuring Device : Measures the length of the yarn. 6. Beam Bracket : Holds the warp beam. 7. Emergency Stop Device: For emergency stop. 8. Automatic Knock Off : Stop m/c at achieving required length of beam or in case of 9. Yarn breaks. 10. Electrical Panel Board : To give the automatic controlled function.

COMPONENTS OF WARPING MACHINE

Warping machine has three major components:

1. Creel

2. Head Stock

3. Control Device

Creel: Parallel creel with travelling package Creel capacity of SIM fabric direct warping m/c:

oNo. of warping m/c: 2 oM/c no 1: Both side: 756

Major components of Warping Machine:

Creel:

Function of components of creel:

1. Cone or cheese spindle for high speed warping.

2. Thread guide: To pass through the yarn in the reqd way.

3. Tensioner: To keep the yarn always in a uniform tension.

4. Yarn cleaner: To remove various faults of yarn like slubs, neps etc.

5. Suction fan or blower: To remove the dirt & dust from the yarn.

6. Breakage indicator: To indicate breakage in package.

7. Stop device: To stop the m/c when yarn will be broken.

FUNCTION OF COMPONENTS OF CREEL

Features of components of headstock: 1. Adjustable or variable v-reed or wraith: To control the width of the warp

beam. 2. Measuring & making device: Measure the amount of warp yarn on the beam

& marks the yarn. 3. Yarn speed controlling device: To control the speed of yarn. 4. Pneumatic pressure unit: To press the warp beam with the surface contact of

driving drum. 5. Break assembly: It stop the m/c after read length is wound on beam. 6. Driving drum: Beam is in contact & control with driving drum. 7. Stop motion: Used to stop the m/c after read length is wound on beam. 8. Beam bracket: To support & hold the beam. 9. Lease rod: Used for separation of yarn individually.

HEAD STOCK

Control device: Similar to winding, warp yarns are threaded through tension devices , stop motions, leasing rods and the reed. The stop motion electrically links each warp end to the warper braking system; when a warp end breaks, the warper stops. A light indicates the location of the broken end. The warping process is generally irreversible, unwinding, of the beam would cause yarn entanglement. The stop motion device which can be mechanical or electronic for quick response, is usually located near the creel.Fans are used to prevent lint accumulation when warping staple yarns.

# Pressure setting of stop motion & tensioner: (Off Creel) Setting is adjustable by rotary button, which activate stop motion drop wire & pressure.

Stop motion Tension Setting range Yarn Count (Ne)

3 C Coarse 4-30S

2 B` Medium 4-60S

1 A Fine 15-120s

High Speed Warping m/c Setting:

Set up parameters Range Set value Cone no. of Creel 400-600 As required

Warping Speed 1-1200 m/min

Warping length 1-999999 m

Shift selection 1-5 3

Beaming drum pressure 1-11 mm scale 5 mm scale

Stop drop wire 1, 2, 3. 1 higher

Tensioner A, B, C. C higher

Depth of penetration 1-40 mm As required

Beam barrel dia 315 mm Fixed

Beam flange dia. 987 mm Fixed

Beam width 1800 mm As required

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT & SECTIONAL WARPING

PARAMETERS DIRECT WARPING SECTIONAL WARPING Object / Use

It is generally used to produce warp beam for grey fabric or solid color fabric.

It is generally used to produce warp beam for yarn dyed (check/stripe) fabric.

Method of production

Several Warpers beam are produced here for getting one weavers beam.

One Warpers beam is produced here for getting one weavers

beam.

No. of Ends/beam

Ends/beam is less here. Direct warping beams contain 1/n no. of ends of weavers beam. (n=no. of warping beam/set).

Ends/beam is higher here. Sectional warping beam contains equal no. of ends as weavers beam.

Stage of Production

One stage Production.(Yarns are directly wound on Warpers beam).

Two stage Production. (Yarns are directly wound on warping drum section by section; then the sheet is transferred to warpersbeam).

PARAMETERS DIRECT WARPING SECTIONAL WARPING

Yarn Tension Yarn tension is comparatively higher than sectional warping.

Yarn tension is comparatively lower than sectional warping.

Yarn length on beam

Higher length of yarn is wound on a beam.

Length of yarn in the beam is comparatively lower than direct warping.

Creel Capacity Usually lower than sectional warping.

Usually higher than sectional warping.

Sizing Operation One sized beam is produced from several no. of Warpers beam.

One sized beam is produced from one Warpers beam.

Efficiency

Efficiency is higher than sectional warping. (Single stage operation).

Efficiency is comparatively lower than direct warping. (One additional operation beaming-off is required).

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIRECT & SECTIONAL WARPING

Sectional Warping m/c.

Process Flow: Dispo

Yarn from store

Creeling

(According to warp plan)

Machine setup

Section wise warping

Beaming Warp width:

Total Ends Warp Width

Below 7200 1800 mm

7200 2000 mm

Above 7200 2100 mm

Process Flow Chart Sectional Warping Machine

Control Data Parameter Evaluation: Feed- 1 =

widthWarpTotalDensityTotalDecitex

0.5 Ends

Feed 2= Measured feed X 0.85 ( For Cotton) = Measured feed X 0.95 (For Synthetic) Feed -1= Drum Movement with revolution per minute. Feed -2= Actual movement of Drum. Measured feed=> It find out the variation between Feed -1 to Feed -2 Variation +/- 15% Piece length= Machine stop before wound 10 -15 meter of required length.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF DIRECT WARPING MACHINE

HEAD STOCK OF SECTIONAL WARPING MACHINE:

HEAD STOCK OF SECTIONAL WARPING MACHINE:

CREEL DIAGRAM

Ball Warping

In ball warping process, individual strands of yarn are removed from yarn packages and collected into rope form suitable for rope dyeing (Fig. 2). Threads, about 350-500 in number are formed into ropes. Individual warp yarn are collected into rope form and wound onto a log and produce a ball warp on Ball warping machine. In ball warping, all the packages are loaded into the adapters of the creel of ball warping machine. The creel is normally designed to accommodate about 330 to 430 packages. The creel may be of different types, such as Magazine Creels and Traveling Package Creels. The passage of yarn in ball warping are shown in Fig..

Ball warping Machine

Passage of yarn in ball warping

The Magazine creels are straight-line creels having a reserve yarn package placed beside the running packages (Fig. 4). The tail end of the running package is knotted with the start end of the reserve package. When the running package is depleted, the warper continues to run with the from the reserve package.

Warp off centre of the beam: Due to not carefully placing of creel wraith and flanged beam. Remedy: Beam and wraith placed properly. Ridgy or uneven warp beam: This effect due to

Winding of small no of ends on larger beam. When the dents are bent or the spacing between dents is uneven. Mixed count.

Remedy: Higher no of ends be used. Crossed ends: Due to

Faulty knotting after yarn breakage. Tying of broken ends. Loose warp.

Remedy: Knotting and tension controlled.

Faults & Remedies of Warping:

Snarl formation in the warp: Due to

Over tension. Improper twist. Position of guide.

Remedy: By proper tension and twist. Missing ends: Due to

Faulty stop device. Exhausted cone or bobbin. Absence of cone or bobbin on creel.

Remedy: By correct stop device is used Hard beam: Due to high tension. Remedy: Tension and pressure maintained.

Faults & Remedies of Warping:

Unequal length : Due to faulty measuring device. Remedy: correct measuring device. Broken ends: Remedy: To be joined carefully the yarn. Warp ends round the creel peg. Unequal length of warp. Unequal size or weight of cone or cheese in the creel. Lapped ends. Piecing. Soft end on the warping beam. Warp ends round the creel peg(spindle) and results broke.

Faults & Remedies of Warping:

Causes of yarn breakage in warping:

1. Weak yarn.

2. Sloughing off.

3. Over lapping.

4. Knots/ bad splice.

5. Slubs.

6. Loose yarn.

7. Pig tail.

8. Cut yarn.

9. Bad tip cone.

10. Short cone

Causes of yarn breakage in warping:

Calculation: For

construction(6815yds fabric) Total number of yarn =7344 7250 Length of ordered fabric = 6815yds

Warping Calculation

Breakage calculation: Number of total ends: 7500 Number of yarn per warper beam: 625 Number of creel: 12 Length: 9250 yards Total breakage: 162 Now, total length: number of total ends length : 7500 9250 : 72150000 Breakage in 72150000 yards length = 16 Breakage in 1000000 yards length

= 2.24

Warping Calculation

Giving some example of breakage rate whose are classified depending on yarn manufacture company name and their yarn count and warping machine speed.

COMPANY NAME COUNT SPEED BREAKAGE RATE AKIJ 40/2 350 1.01 AKIJ 40/2 350 1.8 AKIJ 30/1 350 1.92 AKIJ 30/1 350 1.95 AKIJ 30/1 350 2.65 AKIJ 60/1 350 2.1 AKIJ 30/1 350 1.25 AKIJ 16/1 350 2.13 AKIJ 60/1 350 3.31 AKIJ 30/1 350 1.13 AKIJ 30/1 350 1.24 AKIJ 40/2 300 0.45 AKIJ 30/1 350 0.73 AKIJ 40/2 350 4.04 AKIJ 30/1 350 1.41

Warping Calculation

Warping efficiency: Efficiency is calculated depended on worker working shift Actual Production: (200003) +14000 = 74000 yards Machine speed= 350 yards/min Production time= 74000 yards 350 = 3.32 hour (total length speed) Creel time= 1.00 hour Breakage= (962) = 3.23 hour Cleaning time = 0 hour Electrical = 0 hour Mechanical= 0 hour Total time used= 7.44 hour Idle time= 0.16 hour Calculated production= total time machine speed = 8.00hour 350 yards/ min = 480 min 350 yards/ min =168000 yards

Warping Calculation

Warping Calculation

Warping Calculation

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Slide Number 48Slide Number 49Slide Number 50Slide Number 51Slide Number 52Slide Number 53Slide Number 54Slide Number 55Slide Number 56Slide Number 57Slide Number 58Slide Number 59Slide Number 60Slide Number 61Slide Number 62