warmup why is alexander the great important?. tuesday: writing madness! analyze the cultural and...
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Warmup
Why is Alexander the Great important?
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Tuesday: Writing Madness!Analyze the cultural and political changes and continuities in ONE of the following empires in the Classical period.
• Chinese (100 C.E.–600 C.E.)• Indian (300C.E.–600 C.E.)• Roman (100 C.E.–600 C.E.)You may bring whatever notes you would like on Tuesday to complete this essay.
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Next Week
• Monday: Roman Empire• Tuesday: CCOT in class• Wednesday: Review Due• Thursday: Classical Era Test• Friday: Go over test
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Where Did the Romans Come From?
-753 BCE: Founding of Rome by Romulus
-Great grandchildren of Aeneas
-Rome was a monarchy at first
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The Aeneid: The Story the Romans Made Up for Themselves
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The Birth of the Republic
509 BCE: Last king of Romewas deposed
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• SPQR = Senatus Populusque RomanusThe Senate and People of Rome
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Roman Political Structure: Republic
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Roman Paranoia
390 BCE: Rome sacked by the Celts
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ROMAN LEGION
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The Battle for the Mediterranean
Romans conquer Italy by 265 BCE
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The Battle for the Mediterranean
• 264-146 BCE• The Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage• The Second Punic War is the most important
because:
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The Battle for the Mediterranean
146 BCE: Carthage Destroyed
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Roman Technology: Monuments
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Romans and Conquered Peoples
• Roman typically allowed conquered groups to select their own leaders as long as they were loyal to Rome.
• Romans syncretized the gods of conquered peoples
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Hellenistic Influence
• Architecture• Drama• Sculpture• Literature• “Rome captured Greece, but Greece
captivated Rome.”
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What to do with the poor?
• 133-121 BCE• Increasing numbers of Romans are now landless.– Soldiers had land foreclosed on– Latifundia – Huge estates made up of large amounts of
farmland• Landless Romans may not serve in the army or vote.• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus try to give land to the
poor.– Very popular– Both are killed– Julius Caesar favored similar reforms
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Julius Caesar
• 59 BCE First Triumvirate– Group which consolidated most of the political
power in Rome– Julius Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
• 49 BC: Caesar crosses the Rubicon River with his army, declares himself
dictator of Rome.Caesar’s soldiers are loyal to himPersonally, not Rome.
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The End of the Republic
• 44 BCE Caesar Assassinated• 31 BCE Octavian wins civil war– Changes his name to Augustus
Caesar– Assumes title of imperator
Octavian = Augustus Caesar
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Question
• What in Roman history made the Romans so reluctant to give up on the Republic?
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Question
• Some historians argue that the West is built on the culture of four cities:– Jerusalem– Athens– Rome– London
• Which qualities do you think historians attribute to the Romans?