Warmup

•Read the introduction to the Sahara Chapter:Pages 299-300 in Geography Alive

North Africa

Regions of AfricaWe will break Africa down into Five Regions:

North, East, West, central and South.

North Africa

• North Africa consists of the following countries: Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Morocco, Sudan, South Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

• These countries share many cultural and geographical similarities.

The three countries we’ll focus on:

• Algeria:• Libya:• Egypt:• We’ll focus on these partially because of the

uprisings going on there now

Algeria Physical Geography• Largest country in all of Africa… about 3 ½

times the size of Texas.• Terrain: Atlas Mountains in the North,Sahara Desert everywhere else.Climate: Mediterranean Climate (hot, dry

summers, mild, rainy winters.Algeria is home to the Ergs

ERGS

Huge shifting sand dunes that make living there near impossible…

Algeria Political Geography

• 99% of Algerians are Muslim• 90% live within a hundred miles or so of the

Mediterranean Sea. Those who do not live near the coast live in and around oases in the Sahara.

• ¼ of Algerians are 14 and under.• Widespread poverty is leading to heavy

emigration./

Libya Physical /Geography

• Libya is about 1/5 the size of the U.S.• Terrain: 90% of Libya is desert• Hottest temperature ever recorded on Earth

was in Libya (136 degrees).• Climate: Libya is one of the driest places on

Earth. Libya has NO permanent rivers.

Libya Political Geography

• Libya is wealthiest country in North Africa.• How could this be when 90% of the land is

desert?• Libya produces about 1 million barrels of oil a

day.• ¾ of Libya’s food has to be imported because

of lack of farmland.

Libya Political Geography continued

• 86% live near the Mediterranean Sea.• 97% of Libyans are Muslim.• 50% of Libyans are under 15!!

Egypt Physical Geography

• The Nile river (world’s longest) flows through Egypt.

• Egypt controls Suez Canal, a manmade passage between Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea.

• 90% + of Egypt’s population lives within a few miles of the Nile, which provides Egypt’s only arable land.

Egypt Political Geography

• 55% of Egyptians live in rural areas.• Fellaheen are subsistence farmers.• 94% Muslim population.• Agriculture and Oil exports are largest parts of

economy.

Tomorrow: North Africa in the news right now!!

Desert EnvironmentWhat are the physical characteristics of the desert?•Ergs, regs and hammadas•Only two rivers flow, the Nile and Niger•Temperatures vary greatly between day and night•Rain is unpredictableAdaptations to Life in the Desert•How have people adapted to living in the desert?•1/3 are pastoral nomads•Tuareg wear loose clothing to protect from sun•Camels for transportation•Drilling machines have created new oases

Oasis EnvironmentWhat are the physical characteristics?•Tiny, fresh-water islands in the desert•Some are natural•Others are made when humans dig•Date palms are most common plantAdaptations to life in the oasis•How have people adapted?•Farmers grow cash crops like dates and vegetables•Nomads trade products for food and water•Windbreaks protect fields from desert•As oasis expands people must walk distances

SahelWhat are the physical characteristics?•Marginal farm land•Grassland, acacia trees, baobab trees, bushes•Drought is fact of life•Desertification

Adaptations•Millet, sorghum crops•Shifting agriculture•Herders wander•Coal for fuel instead of wood

Peter Pan’s Lost Boys

Dinka in Sudan

Exit SlipAfter watching the video, summarize on your own sheet of paper what happened to the Lost Boys by including the following:•What push factors caused the Lost Boys to leave Sudan

•How the war changed the daily life of the Sudanese in Sudan and in the camps

•What new things the boys experienced as the traveled from Kenya to the United States

•How would you compare the Sudan Civil War to our own civil war?

SS-06-4.3.2 - Students will explain why and give examples of how human populations may change and/or migrate because of factors such as war, famine, disease, economic opportunity and technology in the present day. DOK 3