Warm-Up- Warm-Up-

What is the order of What is the order of the Chinese the Chinese dynasties?dynasties?

Turn in Summaries if Turn in Summaries if you did not finish you did not finish

yesterdayyesterday

Shang, Joe, Chin, HanShang, Joe, Chin, Han

Sway, Tang, SoongSway, Tang, Soong

Yooan, Ming, Ching, RepublicYooan, Ming, Ching, Republic

Mou Ze DongMou Ze Dong

China – Birth of an EmpireChina – Birth of an Empire

General InfoGeneral Info

221 B.C. - 206 B.C.221 B.C. - 206 B.C.

Han Han DynastyDynasty

Qin Qin DynastyDynasty

206 B.C. – 220 A.D.206 B.C. – 220 A.D.

Qin Shih HuangdiQin Shih Huangdi

First EmperorFirst Emperor

It was It was short-livedshort-lived..

DynastyDynasty DynastyDynastyIt lasted over 400 It lasted over 400

years.years.

The Most The Most Famous RulerFamous Ruler

Wu TiWu Ti

When we last checked in …When we last checked in …

The Zhou was a The Zhou was a bronze age dynasty bronze age dynasty that had pushed out that had pushed out the previous Shang the previous Shang rulers.rulers.

By 256 bce, the Zhou By 256 bce, the Zhou had lost the had lost the ““Mandate Mandate of Heavenof Heaven”” and China and China entered the entered the ““Warring Warring StatesStates”” period period

Zhou Wuwang Zhou Wuwang

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

The divine right to ruleThe divine right to rule

The Qin DynastyThe Qin Dynasty The Qin defeated The Qin defeated

regional states and regional states and unified the kingdoms of unified the kingdoms of China by 221 B.C.E.China by 221 B.C.E.

– The First Emperor of The First Emperor of

China – China – Shi Shi Huangdi (r Huangdi (r 221-206 bce)221-206 bce)

Economic Power!Economic Power!– Public works Public works intended intended

to improve economyto improve economy CanalsCanals IrrigationIrrigation Acquisition of areas rich in iron Acquisition of areas rich in iron

oreore

– Mass mobilization of Mass mobilization of FORCED FORCED LABORLABOR

for public works including for public works including Great Wall of ChinaGreat Wall of China

– 700,000 workers used to 700,000 workers used to create capital citycreate capital city

Beginning in 220 B.C., Shi Huandi began restoring and linking separate sections of the Great Wall which had been built years before

GovernmeGovernment nt StructureStructureHe provided a He provided a single law single law code for the whole empirecode for the whole empire

(laws posted for all to see)(laws posted for all to see)

Established Established a uniform tax a uniform tax systemsystemAppointed governors to control (legal/military) Appointed governors to control (legal/military) each district. each district.

Standardized weights and measures Standardized weights and measures

Standardized written Chinese language! Standardized written Chinese language!

Harsh system of rule: Harsh system of rule: LegalismLegalism

The best way to control human behavior is through written law rather than through rituals, customs, or ethics.

laws maintain the stability of the state from the people who are selfish and ignorant.

laws let the ruler govern efficiently and sometimes ruthlessly.

Text apart from law books were considered useless (and were often destroyed along with other “arts”)

The Legalist Philosophy of the Qin The Legalist Philosophy of the Qin conflicted with other political conflicted with other political ““philosophiesphilosophies”” of the time… of the time…

– ConfucianismConfucianism Good government Good government

requires requires men of men of benevolence, virtue, benevolence, virtue, and cultureand culture

Governments should Governments should promote these traits; promote these traits; their absence leads to their absence leads to chaoschaos

all people have all people have virtue virtue and are educableand are educableKong FuziKong Fuzi - -

““ConfuciousConfucious””

The AnalectsThe Analects• Never kiss a fool, or be fooled by a kiss.Never kiss a fool, or be fooled by a kiss.

• Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it. it.

• Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses. Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses.

• Respect yourself and others will respect you.Respect yourself and others will respect you.

• Study the past if you would define the Study the past if you would define the future. future.

• Making a mistake and not correcting it, is Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake. making another mistake.

• He who exercises government by means of He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. stars turn towards it.

1.1. Ruler Ruler

SubjectSubject

2.2. Father Father

SonSon

3.3. Husband Husband

WifeWife

4.4. Older Older Brother Brother

YoungerYoungerBrotherBrother

5.5. Older Older Friend Friend

YoungerYoungerFriendFriend

Daoism (Taoism)Daoism (Taoism) The Dao is “The Way” The way is to become one with nature Nature should take its course with no

human interference People should go with the flow – a rock

in the stream letting the water (life) flow around you

"Wei Wu Wei" = "action without action".

Man is unhappy because he lives acc. toMan is unhappy because he lives acc. to man-made laws, customs, & traditions man-made laws, customs, & traditions that are contrary to the ways of nature.that are contrary to the ways of nature.

DaoismDaoism

Rejected Confucianism but Rejected Confucianism but was often tied to itwas often tied to it

Confucianism = the public Confucianism = the public philosophyphilosophy

Daoism = solace in private livesDaoism = solace in private lives

Members of a Taoist spiritual group cheer colleagues backstage during an annual prayer ceremony in Taipei. BBC 2008