warm-up what do all these pictures have in common with each other?
TRANSCRIPT
WARM-UP
• What do all these pictures have incommon with each other?
What is an Atom?
ACHS Physical Science
Objective/Concept Question
• I will develop a model that differentiates atoms and molecules by diagramming the configuration of a mystery atom.
• “What is all my stuff made of?”
MINI-LESSON
History of the ATOM– These will be 2-Column (Cornell Notes) – Words in BLUE will go in the LEFT column
(headings)– Words that are UNDERLINED you will write in the
RIGHT column
Scientists who discovered Atomic Structure
1. Democritus – (460BC)postulated that everything was made of “ATOMAS” which were physically divisible but had different shapes (Salt atoms were pointy
Scientists who discovered Atomic Structure
• Rutherford – (1910) Experimented by firing Helium atoms at Gold foil and found that most passed through but 1 in 10,000 would ricochet off.
• Bohr – (1913) refined Rutherford’s idea of the Atom saying the electrons were in ORBIT around a central nucleus
Rutherford’s Experiment
gold foil
helium nuclei
They found that while most of the helium nuclei passed
through the foil, a small number were deflected and, to
their surprise, some helium nuclei bounced straight back.
helium nuclei
Bohr’s Atom electrons in orbits
nucleus
Question….
WHERE DO WE FIND ATOMS?????
What is an Atom?• Atoms are the basic
building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects (your desk, the air, even YOU are made up of atoms!)
• There are 90 naturally occurring kinds of atoms. Scientists in labs have been able to make about 25 more
What is an Atom?• Atoms are made out of
3 basic particles:– PROTONS– carry a
positive charge– NEUTRONS– carry no
charge• Protons and Neutrons
join together to form the Nucleus of the atom
– ELECTRONS – carry a negative charge and circle the nucleus
Practice!
• Proton• Neutron• Electron• Neutron• Electron• Electron• Proton• Neutron• Proton
What is an Atom?
• Neutrons and protons have almost the same mass
• If an electron weighed the same as a dime—a proton would weigh the same as a gallon of milk!
Atomic Structure – Helium Atom
+N
N
+-
-
proton
electron
neutron
Shell
Atomic Structure - Helium
• Atomic Mass refers to the “weight” of the atom.
• It is derived at by adding the number of protons with the number of neutrons. This is a helium
atom. Its atomic mass is 4 (protons plus neutrons).
What is its atomic number?
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
He2
4 Atomic mass
Atomic number
number of electrons = number of protons
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Practice!
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
O8
16
Atomic mass
Atomic number
number of electrons = number of protons
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Practice!
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Cu29
63
Atomic mass
Atomic number
number of electrons?
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Practice!
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Na11
22
Atomic mass
Atomic number
number of electrons?
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Practice!
the number of protons in an atom
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
C6
12
Atomic mass
Atomic number
number of electrons?
Atomic Structure
• Adding a proton makes a new kind of atom
• What is an ISOTOPE?• Adding a neutron
makes an isotope of that atom – just a heavier version of that atom
Atomic Structure• Electrons occupy
different Energy “LEVELS” within an atom.
• The first energy level holds 2 electrons
• The remaining energy levels all hold 8 electrons
• The last energy level consists of what’s called VALENCE ELECTRONS– These are the electrons
that will make the bond with other elements
Atoms vs. Elements vs. Molecules
• Imagine going to an ice cream store. Let’s say they have 30 different flavors of ice cream.
• Those are ELEMENTS, the things that I have available to build my dessert from.
• The smallest amount of ice cream that the store will sell to me is a scoop. This is an ATOM.
• If I want, I can put 2 or more scoops of ice cream together. This is a MOLECULE
• If my molecule has more than one flavor of ice cream, I can call it a COMPOUND
Atoms vs. Elements vs. Molecules• IN SUMMARY:– Element: a basic
substance that can’t be simplified
– Atom: the smallest amount of an element
–Molecule: two or more atoms that are chemically joined together (H2, O2, H2O etc…)
Time to Practice
Today you are going to BUILD a model of an ATOM!!
• In your group you will be responsible for:Choosing an AtomDeciding how to represent each of the parts
(PNEs)Creating a “Get to know an Atom” Information
card
REFLECTION – Mystery Atom!
• You are going to get a card with a mystery atom’s information on it.
• You will need to create an INFORMATION CARD for your mystery atom given either the number of PROTONS or NEUTRONS and the ATOMIC MASS!
ACCESS!
• 6-Trait Writing criteria – what are they?
• Today in Access we are going to complete several Short Constructed Responses.– Pick 2 questions to answer– Answer the questions on the back of the page
(make sure to write which questions you are answering!)