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Turn to page 282: What are fair Turn to page 282: What are fair working conditions?working conditions?

Unit 3: Industrialization and the Race Unit 3: Industrialization and the Race for Empire (1700-1914)for Empire (1700-1914)

Chapter 9, Section 1: The Beginnings Chapter 9, Section 1: The Beginnings of Industrializationof Industrialization

Industrial Revolution Begins in Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainBritain

The Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution: ““Greatly increasing machine-Greatly increasing machine-made goods, beginning in made goods, beginning in England in the 1700sEngland in the 1700s””

What factors led to the Industrial What factors led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain?Revolution in Britain?

1. Agricultural Revolution: Farmers 1. Agricultural Revolution: Farmers found more efficient ways to found more efficient ways to plant, producing more food, and plant, producing more food, and population grew = more workerspopulation grew = more workers

(including crop rotation, which (including crop rotation, which restored nutrients to the soil)restored nutrients to the soil)

Industrial Revolution Begins in Industrial Revolution Begins in BritainBritain

2. Many natural resources = Water and 2. Many natural resources = Water and coal to power machine, iron, harborscoal to power machine, iron, harbors

3. Business people supported new 3. Business people supported new inventionsinventions

Page 280-1: Industry in Page 280-1: Industry in Europe, Europe, ““Interpreting the MapInterpreting the Map””

Classwork/Homework:Classwork/Homework:

Textiles Industrialize: pg 285 Q #1Textiles Industrialize: pg 285 Q #1

On a timeline, note important events in On a timeline, note important events in BritainBritain’’s industrialization (pg 283-288) s industrialization (pg 283-288) Include at least seven dates and Include at least seven dates and explanations explanations

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What factors contributed to What factors contributed to industrialization in Britain?industrialization in Britain?

What effect did entrepreneurs have What effect did entrepreneurs have on the Industrial Revolution?on the Industrial Revolution?

Inventions Spur Inventions Spur IndustrializationIndustrialization

Textile Industry – Clothing: wool, linen, and Textile Industry – Clothing: wool, linen, and cottoncotton

Changes in technology made making clothing Changes in technology made making clothing easier, and clothing merchants became wealthyeasier, and clothing merchants became wealthy

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney’’s Cotton s Cotton GinGin

Improvements in Improvements in TransportationTransportation

WattWatt’’s Steam Engine: s Steam Engine: Watt made a steam engine Watt made a steam engine that used much less fuel to that used much less fuel to runrun

Supported by entrepreneur Supported by entrepreneur Matthew Boulton, Watt Matthew Boulton, Watt continued to improve the continued to improve the engineengine

Improvements in Improvements in TransportationTransportation Water Transportation: Water Transportation: Steam was Steam was

used to propel boats, like Robert used to propel boats, like Robert FultonFulton’’s steamboats steamboat

This lowered the cost of This lowered the cost of transportationtransportation

Improvements in Improvements in TransportationTransportation

1820s: Steam-Driven 1820s: Steam-Driven Locomotives were invented for Locomotives were invented for transportation in coal mines transportation in coal mines (trains)(trains)

Soon, trains were used to Soon, trains were used to transport people transport people (First modern (First modern train was invented by George train was invented by George Stephenson and his son, called Stephenson and his son, called the the Rocket)Rocket)

Cheap way to transport goods, Cheap way to transport goods, and food, and created thousands and food, and created thousands of jobsof jobs

Immigration and Urbanization Immigration and Urbanization

What can you tell about the working What can you tell about the working conditions from the photographs? conditions from the photographs?

What types of people worked in the What types of people worked in the factories in the 1800s?factories in the 1800s?

In what ways did factory owners In what ways did factory owners exploit their workers?exploit their workers?

Homework:Homework:

Vocabulary Ch 8, Sec 1 & 2Vocabulary Ch 8, Sec 1 & 2

Chapter 9, Section 2:Chapter 9, Section 2:IndustrializationIndustrialization

Industrialization Changes LivesIndustrialization Changes Lives People began moving from People began moving from

farms to cities to find jobs in farms to cities to find jobs in manufacturing, and cities grew, manufacturing, and cities grew, called called urbanizationurbanization

London became EuropeLondon became Europe’’s s largest city, with many available largest city, with many available workers for the factories workers for the factories (Paris (Paris was second, challenged by was second, challenged by Manchester and Liverpool)Manchester and Liverpool)

Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United StatesEngland, France, Germany, Japan and the United States

Industrialization Changes LivesIndustrialization Changes Lives Cities did not have any development Cities did not have any development

plans, which meant people live in dark, plans, which meant people live in dark, dirty shelters with no electricity, plumbing, dirty shelters with no electricity, plumbing, garbage collectiongarbage collection

People easily got sick People easily got sick because rats carried because rats carried diseasedisease

Workers worked long hours– 14 hours a Workers worked long hours– 14 hours a day, 6 days a weekday, 6 days a week


Industrialization Changes LivesIndustrialization Changes Lives

Factories were dangerous for Factories were dangerous for workers:workers:

They were dark and They were dark and uncleanunclean

Fires were commonFires were common Machines were unsafeMachines were unsafe In coal mines, minersIn coal mines, miners’’

lungs turned black from lungs turned black from the dustthe dustStandard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in

England, France, Germany, Japan and the United StatesEngland, France, Germany, Japan and the United States

Classwork:Classwork: Analyzing Key Concepts: Analyzing Key Concepts:

Industrialization, Connect to Today Industrialization, Connect to Today Qs 1 & 2 (pg 293) Qs 1 & 2 (pg 293)

Homework:Homework: Study for Chapter 9, Section 1 & 2 Study for Chapter 9, Section 1 & 2

Vocabulary Quiz tomorrow!Vocabulary Quiz tomorrow!

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Turn to page 290-291—Read with Turn to page 290-291—Read with classclass

Share homework—What would it be Share homework—What would it be like if you were in a similar situation?like if you were in a similar situation?

Does child labor exist today?Does child labor exist today?

Chapter 9, Section 2:Chapter 9, Section 2:Class Tensions GrowClass Tensions Grow

The Working ClassThe Working Class:: The working class worked long hours and The working class worked long hours and

were paid littlewere paid little Some grew frustrated, such as the Some grew frustrated, such as the LudditesLuddites, ,

who attacked machines and factories in who attacked machines and factories in Northern England Northern England (They were named after a (They were named after a mythical leader, Ned Ludd)mythical leader, Ned Ludd)

Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United Statesin England, France, Germany, Japan and the United States

The Middle ClassThe Middle Class

Factory owners, bankers, and merchants Factory owners, bankers, and merchants formed a new middle class which had not formed a new middle class which had not existed beforeexisted before

Upper middle class were doctors, lawyers, Upper middle class were doctors, lawyers, and managersand managers

Upper class still consisted of landowners and Upper class still consisted of landowners and noblesnobles


Positive Effects of the Industrial Positive Effects of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

Created jobsCreated jobs Contributed to wealth of Contributed to wealth of

nationsnations Technology and inventionTechnology and invention More goods = higher More goods = higher

standard of livingstandard of livingLong term effects: Long term effects: Consumer goods- available to Consumer goods- available to

everyoneeveryone Government invested in Government invested in

building cities and roadsbuilding cities and roads Working conditions improvedWorking conditions improved


Classwork:Classwork:

Role play: As a factory owner, create Role play: As a factory owner, create an advertisement trying to lure an advertisement trying to lure people to cities people to cities

Homework:Homework:

Chapter 9, Section 2 Assessment: Qs Chapter 9, Section 2 Assessment: Qs 3, 4, 5 & 8 (pg 294) 3, 4, 5 & 8 (pg 294)

Warm-UpWarm-UpPrimary Source Quote (pg 296)Primary Source Quote (pg 296)

Why did Lucy Larcom think mill work Why did Lucy Larcom think mill work benefited young women? benefited young women?

Do you agree? Why or why not?Do you agree? Why or why not?

Review: Pros and Cons of Industrialization, Review: Pros and Cons of Industrialization, focusing on negative effects (cons)focusing on negative effects (cons)

Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United StatesUnited States

Chapter 9, Section 3:Chapter 9, Section 3:Industrialization SpreadsIndustrialization Spreads

Industrialization spread from Industrialization spread from England to the US and across England to the US and across EuropeEurope

The US textile industry-- many new The US textile industry-- many new inventions inventions (see pg 295 for more (see pg 295 for more detail)detail)

Francis Lowell mechanized every Francis Lowell mechanized every stage of textile production. stage of textile production.

The town Lowell Massachusetts The town Lowell Massachusetts became a model of manufacturingbecame a model of manufacturing


Later Expansion of US IndustryLater Expansion of US Industry

Until the end of the Civil War, the US Until the end of the Civil War, the US remained agriculturalremained agricultural

Technology, natural resources, and their Technology, natural resources, and their railroad spurred economic growth railroad spurred economic growth

Railroads were helpful because they Railroads were helpful because they transported goods and people across the transported goods and people across the nation– became a profitable industrynation– became a profitable industry

See page 296: The Growth of Railroads in See page 296: The Growth of Railroads in the USthe US

The Rise of CorporationsThe Rise of Corporations In the late 1800s, large corporations sprang In the late 1800s, large corporations sprang

upup Most famous: Standard Oil (founded by John Most famous: Standard Oil (founded by John

D. Rockefeller) and Carnegie Steele (founded D. Rockefeller) and Carnegie Steele (founded by Andrew Carnegie)by Andrew Carnegie)

They sought to control every aspect of their They sought to control every aspect of their business to make BIG profitsbusiness to make BIG profits

Classwork/Homework:Classwork/Homework:

Continental Europe Industrializes: Continental Europe Industrializes: Spread of Industrialization Worksheet Spread of Industrialization Worksheet

Reforming the Industrial World:Reforming the Industrial World:Chapter 9, Section 4Chapter 9, Section 4

Because of the widening Because of the widening gap between rich and gap between rich and poor, some people poor, some people believed the government believed the government should help improve should help improve working and living working and living conditionsconditions

Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United StatesUnited States

The Philosophers of The Philosophers of IndustrializationIndustrialization

Laissez fair economics: People thought Laissez fair economics: People thought the economy would function much the economy would function much better without government interferencebetter without government interference

Adam SmithAdam Smith defended these ideas in defended these ideas in the book the book The Wealth of Nations The Wealth of Nations (1776)(1776)

Smith believed that:Smith believed that:1)1) People work only to benefit themselvesPeople work only to benefit themselves2)2) Competition forces people to make a Competition forces people to make a

better productbetter product3)3) The goods produced would meet the The goods produced would meet the

demanddemandStandard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United StatesJapan and the United States

The Economics of CapitalismThe Economics of Capitalism The ideas of Capitalism helped bring about the The ideas of Capitalism helped bring about the

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution CapitalismCapitalism: an economic system in which : an economic system in which

businesses and products are privately owned businesses and products are privately owned and manufactured for a profitand manufactured for a profit

Most capitalists believed that there would be a Most capitalists believed that there would be a permanent lower class of workerspermanent lower class of workers

Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Standard: 10.3 Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United StatesJapan and the United States

The Rise of SocialismThe Rise of Socialism Socialists believed the government should Socialists believed the government should

help make peoplehelp make people’’s lives betters lives better UtilitarianismUtilitarianism: Government should do what : Government should do what

is best for the majority of people and close is best for the majority of people and close the gap between rich and poorthe gap between rich and poor

Utopian Ideas:Utopian Ideas: Robert Owen started Robert Owen started colonies which tried to be perfect living colonies which tried to be perfect living placesplaces

SocialismSocialism: The factories, railroads, etc. : The factories, railroads, etc. should be owned by the public and should be owned by the public and operated for everyoneoperated for everyone’’s goods good

Review QuestionsReview Questions How does the laissez fair economics How does the laissez fair economics

reflect Enlightenment ideas of power reflect Enlightenment ideas of power and authority?and authority?

How does the Utilitarian approach How does the Utilitarian approach judge the worth of ideas?judge the worth of ideas?

What is Utopia and why did people What is Utopia and why did people want to create a utopian society? want to create a utopian society?

Homework/Classwork:Homework/Classwork:

Create a visual and written Create a visual and written representation of their idea of representation of their idea of UtopiaUtopia

• Draw a perfect living place for you Draw a perfect living place for you and your friendsand your friends

• Describe what the perfect living Describe what the perfect living place would be like – 10 bullet pointsplace would be like – 10 bullet points

Marxism: Radical Socialism Marxism: Radical Socialism Karl Marx introduced a Karl Marx introduced a

radical type of socialism radical type of socialism called Marxism in called Marxism in The The Communist ManifestoCommunist Manifesto

He and Engels said that He and Engels said that society was divided into two society was divided into two classes in conflict:classes in conflict:The The ““haveshaves”” or employers or employers (bourgeoisie)(bourgeoisie)The The ““have notshave nots”” or workers or workers (proletariat)(proletariat)

Marxism: Radical SocialismMarxism: Radical Socialism

Marx thought that the Marx thought that the Industrial Revolution created Industrial Revolution created a permanent poor class, and a permanent poor class, and urged urged ““workingmen of all workingmen of all countries, unitecountries, unite”” to to overcome the richovercome the rich

The Future According to The Future According to MarxMarx

Marx believed that the capitalist system of Marx believed that the capitalist system of the Industrial revolution would destroy the Industrial revolution would destroy itself:itself:

Workers would overthrow the bourgeoisie, Workers would overthrow the bourgeoisie, take over the factors of production, the take over the factors of production, the people would control government in a people would control government in a class-less societyclass-less society

The final phase= The final phase= communismcommunism, where all , where all land, mines, railroads, businesses, etc. land, mines, railroads, businesses, etc. would be owned by the peoplewould be owned by the people

Failed to come true mainly b/c Failed to come true mainly b/c government enacted reformsgovernment enacted reforms

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Who are the “haves” and “have-Who are the “haves” and “have-nots” according to Marx?nots” according to Marx?

How do the groups rely on one How do the groups rely on one another?another?

Do you think Marx would have said Do you think Marx would have said that people work for self-interest? that people work for self-interest? Why or why not?Why or why not?

Labor Unions and Reform Labor Unions and Reform LawsLaws Because of the bad conditions, workers joined Because of the bad conditions, workers joined

unionsunions Unions bargain with employers for better Unions bargain with employers for better

working conditions and payworking conditions and pay They could strike, or refuse to work which hurt They could strike, or refuse to work which hurt

employers, especially skilled workersemployers, especially skilled workers

Labor Unions and Reform Labor Unions and Reform LawsLaws Unions grew slowly in the US and BritainUnions grew slowly in the US and Britain

1875: Unions gained the right to strike legally in Britain1875: Unions gained the right to strike legally in Britain

American Federation of Labor won higher wages and shorter hoursAmerican Federation of Labor won higher wages and shorter hours

Labor Unions and Reform Labor Unions and Reform LawsLaws

Unions forced government to change abuses Unions forced government to change abuses caused by industrialization in Britain:caused by industrialization in Britain:Factory ActFactory Act (1833) outlawed child labor under 9 (1833) outlawed child labor under 9 yearsyearsMines ActMines Act (1842) forbade women and children (1842) forbade women and children from working in minesfrom working in minesTen Hours ActTen Hours Act (1847) limited workday to 10 (1847) limited workday to 10 hourshours

1904: US limited child labor, but the Supreme 1904: US limited child labor, but the Supreme Court struck it downCourt struck it down

Classwork:Classwork:

Graphic Organizer: Reform: Abolition, Graphic Organizer: Reform: Abolition, WomenWomen’’s Rights, Education & description s Rights, Education & description (pg 305-306)(pg 305-306)

Homework:Homework:

1) Chapter 9, Section 4 Assessment (pg 1) Chapter 9, Section 4 Assessment (pg 306) 306)

Qs 1, 3&4Qs 1, 3&4

2) Work on Study Guide2) Work on Study Guide

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