warm-up: thursday read about the “power of popes”. answer the following questions: 1. who was...
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Warm-up: Thursday
Read about the “Power of Popes”. Answer the following questions:
1. Who was the Pope?
2. What does “excommunicate” mean?
3. Why did people fear the punishment of excommunication?
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW HAS CHRISTIANITY INFLUENCED THE EVENTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES?
Christianity in the Middle Ages
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Let’s review
When we last looked at the Roman Empire, what did we learn happened to them?
Split into Eastern Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire
Germanic peoples migrated into the weakening Roman Empire
Vandals and the Visigoths sacked Rome = Fall of Roman Empire in 476 AD
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Western Roman Empire Germanic Kingdoms
By A.D. 500, the Western Roman Empire had been replaced by a number of states ruled by German kings
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Eastern Roman Empire Byzantine Empire
Capital at ConstantinoplePopulation in the hundreds of
thousandsLargest city in Europe during the
Middle AgesCenter of trade between east and west
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Western Roman EmpireWestern Roman Empire Eastern Roman EmpireEastern Roman Empire
Replaced by various Kingdoms
______________ was the main religion
Church came to be known as _________
_________________Head of church
called a _________
Called the Byzantine Empire
________________was the main religion
Church came to be known as _________ ________________
Head of church called a ____________
West vs. East
Christianity Christianity
RomanCatholic Church
pope
EasternOrthodox Church
patriarch
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Constantinople: Hagia Sophia
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Power of the Church
The Roman Catholic Church was the single, largest unifying structure in medieval Europe. It touched everyone's life, no matter what their rank or class or where they lived. With the exception of a small number of Jews, everyone in Europe was a Christian during the Middle Ages from the richest king down to the lowest serf.
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http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=FDD95673-B8B6-4618-9840-A0CA9BEF6FB9&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
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How did Christianity spread?
Missionaries – people sent out to carry a religious message
As Germanic peoples settled in and around the Roman Empire, many converted to Christianity
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Charlemagne: Leader of Carolingian Empire
Charlemagne was Christian and promoted the religion while he was in charge
He encouraged learning, which took place in the monasteries
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Education
Educated and literate individuals in the early middle ages were usually part of the church: priests, monks,
bishops, abbots
Very few others received a formal education during this time.
Monk = a man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God; monks live in monasteries headed by abbots
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Monasteries
Monasteries played various roles in society: Served as inns,
orphanages, hospitals Set up schoolsMonks copied works of
Latin literature (thanks to them, we have it today)
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Monasteries
Monasteries were effective agents in the spread of Christianity. Monks preached while providing services to the rural communities.
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Organization of the Church
The Catholic Church has an hierarchy:
Parishes: local Christian communities
Parishes led by priests
Group of parishes led by bishop
These areas were combined to be led by an archbishop
Over time, the bishop of Rome claimed that he was the leader of the church
Pope
Archbishop
Bishop
Priest
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Power of the Church
Pope Gregory I set in place the idea that the bishop of Rome was the ultimate authority in the Christian church
What is the title of this person? pope
Pope Gregory I (590 – 604)
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Division in the Church
Schism – separation between the two great branches of Christianity
Eastern Orthodox Church was unwilling to accept the Pope’s claim that he was the sole head of the Christian church
This led to a schism = split = in 1054 Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other (each took away the other’s rights of church membership)
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Copy the Diagram:
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What about the people who want to follow different beliefs?
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Inquisition
Inquisition = a court established by the Catholic Church in 1232 to discover and try heretics
Heretic – A person who holds controversial opinions, especially one who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church.
Heresy – denial of basic church doctrine (beliefs)
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Inquisition
Beginning in 1252, those who did not confess voluntarily to heresy were subject to torture until they confessed
The Christians of the 13th century believed the only path to salvation was through the church.
Heresy was a crime against God and against humanity
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In what other ways did the Church affect the events during the Middle Ages?
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The Crusades 1096-1212
Crusades: military expeditions to regain Holy Land from Muslims
Rallied the warriors of Europe
Liberate Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels Where is the Holy Land?
Holy land = Palestine What are infidels?
Non-believers
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The Crusades
Why did Europeans willingly fight?
MotivationsGuarantee of forgiveness of sinsAdventure Chance to gain territory and riches
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Effects of the Crusades
Effects = Trade improved between Italian Port cities and the East
Beginning of massacres against JewsDecline of Feudalism
Nobles sold land and freed serfs to join Crusades
King’s power increased and nobles lose power
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Remaining Time: Pictionary!
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Vocabulary:Add the following words to your vocab sheet!
InquisitionPope SchismMonkMonasteryMissionaryheresy
Define in your own words and draw a picture! (Hint: :Look at your notes!)
Roman Catholic ChurchEastern Orthodox
Church
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Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox ChurchEastern Orthodox Church