Warm-up

Explain the quote below. What does this quote say about poetry? What is poetry? What is poetry about? What does it say about life?

"We don't read and write poetry because it's cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. And medicine, law, business, engineering, these are noble pursuits and necessary to sustain life. But poetry, beauty, romance, love, these are what we stay alive for. To quote from Whitman, "O me! O life!... of the questions of these recurring; of the endless trains of the faithless... of cities filled with the foolish; what good amid these, O me, O life?" Answer. That you are here - that life exists, and identity; that the powerful play goes on and you may contribute a verse. That the powerful play “goes on” and you may contribute a verse. What will your verse be?"

--John Keating, Dead Poet Society

POETRY

POETRY

A type of literature

that expresses

ideas, feelings, or

tells a story in a

specific form

(usually using lines

and stanzas)

POETRY FORM

FORM - the

appearance of the

words on the page

LINE - a group of

words together on one

line of the poem

STANZA - a group of

lines arranged together

A word is dead

When it is said,

Some say.

I say it just

Begins to live

That day.

KINDS OF STANZAS

Couplet = a two line stanza

Triplet (Tercet) = a three line stanza

Quatrain = a four line stanza

Quintet = a five line stanza

Sestet (Sextet) = a six line stanza

Septet = a seven line stanza

Octave = an eight line stanza

POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY

POET

the author of the poem

SPEAKER

the “narrator” of the

poem.

TYPES OF POETRY

LYRIC

A short poem

Usually written in first person point of view

Expresses an emotion or an idea or

describes a scene

Do not tell a story and are often musical

best examples of lyric poetry come from

Italian and English sonnets

HAIKU

A Japanese poem

written in three lines

Five Syllables

Seven Syllables

Five Syllables

Example:

An old silent pond . . .

A frog jumps into the pond.

Splash! Silence again.

CINQUAIN

A five line poem containing 22 syllables

Two Syllables

Four Syllables

Six Syllables

Eight Syllables

Two Syllables

Example:

How frail

Above the bulk

Of crashing water hangs

Autumnal, evanescent, wan

The moon.

SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET

A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme

scheme.

The poem is written in three quatrains and ends

with a couplet.

The rhyme scheme is

abab cdcd efef gg

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.

Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimmed;

And every fair from fair sometimes declines,

By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed.

But thy eternal summer shall not fade

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;

Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

NARRATIVE POEMS

A poem that tells a

story.

Generally longer than

the lyric styles of

poetry b/c the poet

needs to establish

characters and a plot.

Examples of Narrative

Poems

“The Raven”

“The Highwayman”

“Casey at the Bat”

“The Walrus and the

Carpenter”

CONCRETE POEMS

In concrete poems, the

words are arranged to

create a picture that

relates to the content

of the poem.

Poetry

Is like

Flames,

Which are

Swift and elusive

Dodging realization

Sparks, like words on the

Paper, leap and dance in the

Flickering firelight. The fiery

Tongues, formless and shifting

Shapes, tease the imiagination.

Yet for those who see,

Through their mind’s

Eye, they burn

Up the page.

FIGURATIVE

LANGUAGE

SIMILE

A comparison of two things using “like, as

than,” or “resembles.”

– Example: “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

METAPHOR

A direct comparison of two unlike things

– Does not use the words “like, as, than,” or

“resembles.”

– Example: “All the world’s a stage, and we are

merely players.”

- William Shakespeare

EXTENDED METAPHOR

A metaphor that goes several lines or

possible the entire length of a work.

IMPLIED METAPHOR

The comparison is hinted at but not clearly stated.

– Example: “The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it.”

- from The Pearl

by John Steinbeck

PERSONIFICATION

An animal

given human-

like qualities

or an object

given life-like

qualities.

Basic Personification Examples

• The flowers begged for water.

• Lightning danced across the sky.

• The carved pumpkin smiled at me.

• The wind whispered softly in the

night.

• The sun played hide and seek with

the clouds.

• The stars winked at me.

• The camera loved her.

• The bed groaned.

PERSONIFICATION

from “Ninki”

by Shirley Jackson

“Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief by the general air of incompetence exhibited in the kitchen, and she went into the living room and got Shax, who is extraordinarily lazy and never catches his own chipmunks, but who is, at least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw clearly, to a man with a gun.

Elements of Literature book (green book)

Turn to page 397

Practice

A metaphor for

someone who is good

at gardening

– Has a green thumb

A simile for someone

who can swim well

– Swims like a fish

A simile for someone

who is extremely thin

A metaphor for

someone who is very

generous

Practice

What are other similes

that you know?

What are other

metaphors that you

know?

Practice

What are other examples of

personification that have not already

been mentioned in class.

Review – Exit Slip

What is poetry?

What is a simile?

What is a metaphor?

What is personification?

Warm-up

Copy each line and identify each as a

simile, metaphor, or personification.

Her shirt was yellow like a sunflower.

He was so small that the chair swallowed

him whole.

He was a bull in a china shop.

SOUND EFFECTS

RHYTHM

The beat created by

the sounds of the

words in a poem

Rhythm can be created

by meter, rhyme,

alliteration and refrain.

METER

A pattern of stressed and unstressed

syllables.

Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed

syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a

repeating pattern.

When poets write in meter, they count out the

number of stressed (strong) syllables and

unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They

they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

METER cont.

FOOT - unit of meter.

A foot can have two or

three syllables.

Usually consists of

one stressed and one

or more unstressed

syllables.

TYPES OF FEET

The types of feet are

determined by the

arrangement of

stressed and

unstressed syllables.

(cont.)

METER cont.

TYPES OF FEET (cont.)

Iambic - unstressed, stressed

Trochaic - stressed, unstressed

Anapestic - unstressed, unstressed, stressed

Dactylic - stressed, unstressed, unstressed

FREE VERSE POETRY

Unlike metered

poetry, free verse

poetry does NOT have

any repeating patterns

of stressed and

unstressed syllables.

Does NOT have

rhyme.

Free verse poetry is

very conversational -

sounds like someone

talking with you.

A more modern type

of poetry.

BLANK VERSE POETRY

Written in lines of

iambic pentameter, but

does NOT use end

rhyme.

from Julius Ceasar

Cowards die many times before

their deaths;

The valiant never taste of death but

once.

Of all the wonders that I yet have

heard,

It seems to me most strange that

men should fear;

Seeing that death, a necessary end,

Will come when it will come.

RHYME

Words sound alike

because they share the

same ending vowel

and consonant sounds.

(A word always

rhymes with itself.)

LAMP

STAMP

Share the short “a”

vowel sound

Share the combined

“mp” consonant sound

END RHYME

A word at the end of one line rhymes with a

word at the end of another line

Hector the Collector

Collected bits of string.

Collected dolls with broken heads

And rusty bells that would not ring.

INTERNAL RHYME

A word inside a line rhymes with another

word on the same line.

Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary.

From “The Raven”

by Edgar Allan Poe

RHYME SCHEME

A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually

end rhyme, but not always).

Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds

to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next

slide for an example.)

SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME

The Germ by Ogden Nash

A mighty creature is the germ,

Though smaller than the pachyderm.

His customary dwelling place

Is deep within the human race.

His childish pride he often pleases

By giving people strange diseases.

Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?

You probably contain a germ.

a

a

b

b

c

c

a

a

ONOMATOPOEIA

Words that imitate the sound they are

naming

BUZZ

OR sounds that imitate another sound

“The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of

each purple curtain . . .”

ALLITERATION

Consonant sounds repeated at the

beginnings of words

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled

peppers, how many pickled peppers did

Peter Piper pick?

CONSONANCE

Similar to alliteration EXCEPT . . .

– The repeated consonant sounds can be

anywhere in the words

“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “

ASSONANCE

Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines

of poetry.

(Often creates near rhyme.)

Lake Fate Base Fade

(All share the long “a” sound.)

ASSONANCE cont.

Examples of ASSONANCE:

“Slow the low gradual moan came in the

snowing.”

- John Masefield

“Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep.”

- William Shakespeare

REFRAIN

A sound, word, phrase

or line repeated

regularly in a poem.

“Quoth the raven,

‘Nevermore.’” From “The Raven”

by Edgar Allan Poe

Elements of Literature book (green book)

Turn to page 338-339

Elements of Literature book (green book)

Turn to page 341

Groups

Group 1: Rhythm

Group 2: Rhyme

Group 3: Onomatopoeia

Group 4: Alliteration

Group 5: Consonance

Group 6: Assonance

Warm-up

Think of your favorite song. What makes

that song so interesting to you? Why does it

appeal to you? Give 2 details about it.

Warm-up

Write an example for each of the following:

– Alliteration

– Onomatopoeia

Classify the sentence.

____ My husband and I will watch attentively

for the winner of the game tonight.

OTHER

POETIC DEVICES

SYMBOLISM

When a person, place,

thing, or event that has

meaning in itself also

represents, or stands

for, something else.

= Innocence

= America

= Peace

Allusion

Allusion comes from

the verb “allude”

which means “to refer

to”

An allusion is a

reference to something

famous.

A tunnel walled and overlaid

With dazzling crystal: we

had read

Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous

cave,

And to our own his name we

gave.

From “Snowbound”

John Greenleaf Whittier

IMAGERY

Language that appeals to the senses.

Most images are visual, but they can also

appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste,

or smell.

then with cracked hands that ached

from labor in the weekday weather . . .

from “Those Winter Sundays”

Elements of Literature book (green book)

Turn to page 355

POETRY: Images

Imagery in “The Highwayman”

Sight

1.

-

2.

-

3.

-

Hearing

1.

-

2.

-

3.

-

Elements of Literature book (green book)

Turn to page 348

First Thoughts, Shaping Interpretations, Connecting

with the Text

Warm-up

Write one example for each of the

following:

– Assonance

– Consonance

Classify the sentence.

____Will you be at the party on Friday?

Warm-up

Give an example of symbolism

Give an example of imagery

Math Target: 3/5 + 3/16 =

Poetry Terms Practice Find an example of each poetry term for each of the poems.

El Dorado

– Simile

– Personification

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Imagery

– symbolism

I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud

– Simile

– Personification

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Imagery

When I was One-And-

Twenty

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Refrain

The Road Not Taken

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Personification

– imagery

Warm-up

Write your own example of each of the

following:

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

Math Target: 11/2 + 23/8

Poetry Terms Practice Find an example of each poetry term for each of the poems.

If

– Personificati

on

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Imagery

I Know Why the Caged Bird

Sings

– Metaphor

– Personification

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Imagery

Dream Deferred

– Metaphor

– Simile

– Personification

– Rhyme

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Imagery

Not in Vain

– Refrain

– Consonance

– Assonance

– Alliteration

– Personification

Warm-up

Use one word to summarize how the following

quote makes you feel:

– “But a caged BIRD stands on the grave of dreams

His shadow shouts on a nightmare scream

His wings are clipped and his feet are tied

So he opens his throat to sing.” – I know why the caged bird sings

by Maya Angelou

Math Target: 1/2 + 13/6

Mood

Overall feeling created by a story, poem, or

another work of literature

– “Emotional atmosphere”

Can usually be described by one or two

adjectives

– Examples: sad, peaceful, scared, hopeful,

exciting, etc.

Tone

Attitude that a writer takes towards the

audience, a subject, or a character

Conveyed through the writer’s choice of

words and details

– Examples: “You’re a big help” can be genuine

(truthful) or can be sarcastic (cruel)

Tone Words

Cheerful

Cold

Shameful

Angry

Formal

Urgent

Compassionate

Pleasant

Surprised

Energetic

Mocking

Patriotic

Somber

Horrific

Serious

Disgusted

Outraged

Teasing

Judgmental

Hopeless

Gloomy

Confused

Silly

Humorous

Reflective

Threatening

Intensity of Tone

Tone Words

Sad

Devastated

Depressed

Pitiful

Least to Greatest

Intensity

Sad

Pitiful

Depressed

Devastated

Intensity of Tone

5 groups

In your groups put the cards in the order of

the least intensity to the greatest intensity.

– Each group member must write down the word

order in his/her composition notebook!!!!

– Use a dictionary to look up words you may not

know.

Warm-up

Complete the literary terms worksheet in

your composition book.

Math Target: 29/2 + 8/5

Elements of Literature book (green book)

Turn to page 350

“Make the Connection”

“Elements of Literature”

Page 351

“Annabel Lee”

Pre-Reading Annabel Lee

Loss Emotions

that go with Loss

Warm-up/Practice

Finish answering questions 2 – 6 on pg. 354.

Find examples of the following poetry terms in

Annabel Lee:

Alliteration

Personification

Symbolism

Rhyme

Consonance

Assonance

Imagery

Metaphor

•Math Target: 5/14 + 13/4

Warm-up

Write an example of assonance,

consonance, and alliteration.

Math Target –

x – 7 = -5

Write on your own paper.

NO TALKING!!!!

“Annabel Lee” Quiz

When finished with your quiz:

Read “My Father Is a Simple Man” and

“Mama Is a Sunrise” on pg. 399 – 400.

“My Father Is a Simple Man”

and “Mama is a Sunrise”

“My Father Is a Simple Man” “Mama Is a Sunrise”

Subject

Speaker

Figures of Speech

Theme

•Fill in the comparison chart below on the two pomes.

•Answer questions 5 and 6 on pg. 402 – 403 in complete

sentences.