Warm UpSet up Chapters 12 and 13 title page

on page ……….Warm Up- Page

1. What motivates you to do well in school?

2. What motivates you to be a good friend?

3. What motivates you to eat?

Conversion Disorder- http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=cdsWEiarCag&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Warm Up

Pick up all 4 sheets of paper

Chapter 12 Motivation pt. 1: Drives, Hunger, and the Hierarchy

of Needs

Motivation Guides BehaviorMotivation: is a need or desire that serves to energize behavior.

Behavior is guided by both physiological and psychological needs/desires.

Evolutionary MotivatorsInstinct: inherited pattern of behavior that is unlearned. Most common in species outside of humans.

Ex: Imprinting

Internal MotivationHow do you know when it is time

for a glass of water?

This Feeling of Thirstiness Creates a Drive

Drive: type of motivation that is experienced as an aroused state of psychological /physiological tension caused by some need. Ex: Sex Drive

Drives motivate us to do something. The goal of our body according to some

psychologists, is to ELIMINATE all drives so that we can experience homeostasis: a balanced or constant internal state that the body regulates.

Thermostat

Drive Reduction TheoryDrive Reduction Theory: idea

that physiological needs create tension states (drives) which motivates organism to satisfy the need.

Ex: Thirstiness (physiological need) creates tension state (drive) which motivates you to get water.

After you drink, the drive is reduced and you are closer to homeostasis.

Drive Reduction Theory in Action

External Incentives Also Influence Motivation

Incentives: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior apart from “need” to reduce drives.

Ex: money, etc.

Theory of Optimal ArousalAlthough our bodies try

to reduce tension inducing arousal, organisms are often motivated by curiosity (not a physiological need) and seek out arousal which may help them gain access to information and resources.

Organisms want to avoid boredom.

Babies Explore their surroundings out of curiosity.

Monkeys Illustrating Optimal Arousal

Know Components of Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy

of Needs-Physical

Needs at bottoms must be met first.

-Psychological goals come after…ultimate goal is self actualization.

Pyramid

Satisfaction- indicate the degree to which you are satisfied that your needs have been met at each level

1 totally unsatisfied to 6 totally satisfied

Self Test

1st- reverse numbers 2,5,6,8,9,11,13 and 14

( 6=1,5=2,4=3,3=4,2=5,1=6)

2nd- Add up all numbers (use reversed numbers)

Total Scores range from 15 to 90. Average score being a 60

Think about it……………..

Why do you eat? ( need at least 3 reasons)

Physiology and HungerStomach contractions (hunger

pangs) accompany our feelings of hunger.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time in minutes

Subject swallowsballoon, which

measures stomachcontraction

Subject presseskey each timewhen hungry

Stomach contractions

Hunger pangs

Body Chemistry’s Influence on Hunger

Glucose: blood sugar that provides energy to the body tissues.

When your glucose levels are LOW you will feel hungry, when glucose levels are HIGH you will feel full.

The hormone insulin is the primary regulator of glucose levels.

Without insulin the body does not effectively dispose of glucose and provide it as energy (diabetes).

Neurotransmitters Influence on Hunger

Like glucose, if the following neurotransmitters are at low levels you will feel hungry, and if they are at high levels you will feel full:NorepinephrineDopamineSerotonin

The Brain and HungerThe hypothalamus is the main

brain structure which monitors hunger along with other maintenance activities.

The lateral hypothalamus brings on hunger; if destroyed no interest in food/stimulation will do opposite.

The ventromedial hypothalamus depresses hunger; if destroyed animal will overeat/stimulation will do opposite.

Think about it …………………

What causes some people to become obese?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDbocZ438f0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

The Mystery of the Fat RatCauses?

Brain Chemical that Affects Hunger

Leptin: is a protein produced by bloated fat cells; when these levels rise the body tells you to stop eating and pursue some type of activity.

Mice Experiment

Hunger Hormones

Insulin- controls blood glucose

Orexin- increases hunger

Ghrelin- “I’m hungry”PYY- “I’m Not Hungry”

Genetic Influences on Hunger /Weight

Number of fat cells is determined by genetics to a certain extent.

Set Point: body’s ideal weight set by its “weight thermostat.”

When body falls below weight; hunger increases and a lowered metabolic rate continues.

Basal Metabolic Rate (metabolism): body’s resting rate of energy expenditure. Some individuals’ metabolisms are much higher than others.

Time’s Affect on HungerMemory of our last meal can also

affect hunger along with our schedule of when we usually eat.

Amnesia Patients Example.

Learning and HungerIf good eating habits are positively

reinforced and bad habits punished, children will often eat healthy.

People can also develop taste aversions due to certain associations. Ex: chemotherapy patients.

Modeling: modeling of healthy or poor eating habits can effect a child’s eating.Ex: Lebron James drinks Sprite.

Culture’s Influence on EatingAlthough our preferences for sweet and

salty foods are genetic and universal, our culture’s eating norms affect our specific eating habits.

Monkey Stew is a popular dish in some Eastern cultures. This steak would seem repulsive to

eat to most Hindus.

Culture’s Influence on Eating (disorders)

Many argue the impossible standards of beauty put out by popular culture has lead to an increase in eating disorders:

Anorexia Nervosa: eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet still feels fat and starves themselves.

Bulimia Nervosa: an eating disorder usually characterized by excessive eating followed by vomiting.

Binge Eating Disorder- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VS2mfWDryPE&feature=fvw

Changing Beauty Standards Correlate with Eating

Disorders

KATE MOSSMARILYN MONROE

Anorexia Often Ends In Death

Women’s Distorted Ideals of Body Image

Thinnest Women’sideal

What womenbelieved men

preferred

What menactually

preferred

Women’scurrent

body image

Fattest

Quick Write

Discuss the various physiological and psychological factors that are involved in appetite regulation. Pgs 459-497

You MUST use specific info. At least 5 vocab terms. Underline the terms.