Warm Up

List the significant events from the life of the German monk Martin Luther.

At least 5 events

Warm Up

Take a paper from the door way and complete it.

Reformation

Sale of IndulgencesDescribe what the selling of indulgences are in the Roman Catholic church during the Reformation.

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Martin LutherLuther troubled by the sale of indulgences

Dominican friar Tetzel was selling indulgences in Wittenberg in 1517

Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 with his complaints

Luther slowly but surely is drawn into a heated debate

Martin Luther - Older

Pope pays little attention to the Luther at first

Luther attacks the Pope and his bull of excommunication

Luther goes into hiding in 1521-- “A Mighty Fortress is our God”

Constraints against the spread of Luther’s ideas

The Protestant Reformation further divided Germany

Martin Luther’s Lutheran Church in Wittenberg, Germany

Luther’s Teachings

“Sola Fidei” (Salvation by Faith Alone)“Sola Scriptura” (Authority of the Scriptures Alone)--Luther’s German Translation of the New Testament

The Priesthood of All Believers--Peasant Revolt of 1525

All Vocations are pleasing to GodPredestinationSome latent Catholicism

The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism

The Peasant Revolt - 1525The Peasant Revolt - 1525

John Calvin (1509-1564)

John Calvin’s leadership in Geneva from 1541-1564

Geneva became the model Protestant training center

Stress on order and rigorous adherence to God’s law

A “Quasi-theocracy”Very austere religion practiced in Geneva

Self-discipline and the “Protestant Work Ethic”

Background

A scholar like LutherMore of a systematic thinker than Luther

Early legal trainingClear-cut moral directives for living

Relied on Scripture and Augustine primarily for his ideas

Teaching

PredestinationThe right of rebellion--English Civil War

More of a stress on works than Luther

Divine calling to all sorts of vocations

The “invisibility” of the True Church

Government serves the Church--Michael Servetus

Just war positionCalvin’s positions on communion and baptism

Calvin’s World in the 16cCalvin’s World in the 16c

Complete the Venn Diagram John Calvin vs. Martin Luther

Results of the ReformationThe relationship between politics and religion became strained, and the political influence of the Catholic Church weakened. With the churches authority decreasing the power of the monarchs increased.

Results of Reformation

Political stability valued over religious truth

Calvinism boosted the commercial revolution

Witch craze swept Europe in the 1600’s--Between 1561-1670, 3000 people in Germany, 9000 people in Switzerland and 1000 people in England were executed as witches

Possible reasons for this witchcraft craze

England - Henry VIII

Notion of the Renaissance Prince

Recent War of the Roses created a sense of political instability for the Tudor dynasty

--Henry VIIIThe significance of a male heir to the Tudors

Queen Catherine of AragonOriginally married to his brother

OlderGave birth to a daughter, Mary

Sent away so that Henry could marry Anne Boleyn

Daughter, Mary

Outcome: Divorced

Queen Anne Boleyn

Very TrickyGave birth to a daughter, Elizabeth

Accused of adultery

Daughter, ElizabethOutcome: Beheaded

Queen Jane SeymourYoung, gets married the day Anne is beheaded

Very Pretty and his “true love”

Gave birth to Edward – he died at age 6

Died shortly after childbirth

son, EdwardOutcome: Died

Queen Anne of ClevesGerman PrincessYoung and uglyBlind arranged marriageBad body odorMarried a few monthsCalls her his beloved sister

Outcome: Divorced

Queen Catherine HowardTeenager and pretty is a cousin of Anne Boleyn She thinks Henry is old and ugly

Gets caught cheating.

Outcome: Beheaded

Queen Katherine Parr

Young She thinks Henry is old and ugly

Takes care of him until his death.

Outcome: Survived

Which wife do you think is buried next to King Henry VIII? Jane Seymour

STOP Here

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EGzHsye71c

Elizabeth I England was empire building. (Colony in the Americas) Elizabeth learned that she should know her people. Elizabeth allowed her citizens to make their own decisions. She was willing to go into battle with her soldiers if needed.

Leads to: The Golden Age of England

The Tudors 1485-1603 The Stuarts 1603-1714 The Georgians 1714-1830 The Williamites 1830-1837 The Victorians 1837-1901 The Edwardians 1901-1917 

The Winsors 1917-present

United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. Queen at age 26 and reigned for 60 years

Warm Up

Turn to page 426 in the book and get out a piece of notebook paper.

You have 6 minutes to copy the two paragraphs entitled. “Guttenberg Invents Printing Press.” This is an easy daily participation grade so take it seriously.

Imagine:Weatherford ISD is short on history textbooks, the copy machines are broken, and there is no way to order new books. In order for each student to have a copy of the textbook next year, the district is asking that this year’s students copy the textbook by hand, word for word, on notebook paper.

Answer on your sheet:How much time do they think it would take?Do you think everyone will be able to complete the assignment?How many extra “books” do you expect us to have at the end of the year?

Counter Reformation: The Catholic Response

Begun by the Catholic Church The Bible was translated into a language everyone should understand (we call this vernacular).

The Catholic church banned heretical books. (Books that didn’t hold the Catholic churches values.)

Ingredients The Society of Jesus (“Jesuits”)—1534 --Ignatius Loyola

The InquisitionRenewed religious emotionalism--Baroque Art

Religious warfare and a new Bible

Example: Spanish Inquisition

Spanish Armada to England – They were beaten by Elizabeth’s navy and army.

Lead by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.

The Catholic Church and ScientistsDuring the early years of its formation, the Catholic Church rejected scientific theories of thinkers like Galileo.

After the Reformation new information on the universe was discovered by scientist.

How did this affect the churches authority among modern thinkers?

Copernicus wrote:“Finally we shall place the Sun himself at the center of the Universe.”

During the Renaissance and Reformation, how would the leaders of the Catholic church received Copernicus hypotheses?

Geocentric- earth is center

Heliocentric- sun is center

Why do you think people would believe the Earth was the center of the Universe?

Geocentric – earth is center

Terms to remember:

Religious – a person or institution bond to religious thought.

Secular - attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis

How did renewed interest in the Classical Greek and Roman manuscripts change the relationship between religious and secular institution?

A great separation between the two occurred.

ReformationEurope(Late 16c)

ReformationEurope(Late 16c)

Invention of movable type was invented in 1450 by Johann Gutenberg

Manufacture of paper becomes easier and cheaper

Helped spread ideas. Intensified intellectual criticism of the

ChurchProtestant ideals appealed to the urban and

the literate

Gutenberg’s Printing Press

The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press

How could geographical influences also affect the spread of the materials printed on the Gutenberg printing press?

Printing Press QuestionsExplain how the Bible being printed in the common language led to greater criticism of the church?

How does Gutenberg’s printing press compare to today’s social media?

Does social media bring transparency and challenges to existing ideas?

Finally Summary questions

What was the impact of the printing press on the Protestant Reformation and society?

What motivates individuals to challenge existing ideas, practices, and institutions?

What were the similarities and differences between the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter Reformation?

Exit Ticket:Reformation Web

Use book pages 428-436List 3 main ideas in each box