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Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities 2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Holt Algebra 2
Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Warm Up 1. Graph the inequality y < 2x + 1.
Solve using any method.
2. x2 – 16x + 63 = 0
3. 3x2 + 8x = 3
7, 9
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve quadratic inequalities by using tables and graphs.
Solve quadratic inequalities by using algebra.
Objectives
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
quadratic inequality in two variables Vocabulary
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Many business profits can be modeled by quadratic functions. To ensure that the profit is above a certain level, financial planners may need to graph and solve quadratic inequalities.
A quadratic inequality in two variables can be written in one of the following forms, where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. Its solution set is a set of ordered pairs (x, y).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
In Lesson 2-5, you solved linear inequalities in two variables by graphing. You can use a similar procedure to graph quadratic inequalities.
y < ax2 + bx + c y > ax2 + bx + c
y ≤ ax2 + bx + c y ≥ ax2 + bx + c
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Graph y ≥ x2 – 7x + 10.
Example 1: Graphing Quadratic Inequalities in Two Variables
Step 1 Graph the boundary of the related parabola y = x2 – 7x + 10 with a solid curve. Its y-intercept is 10, its vertex is (3.5, –2.25), and its x-intercepts are 2 and 5.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 1 Continued
Step 2 Shade above the parabola because the solution consists of y-values greater than those on the parabola for corresponding x-values.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 1 Continued
Check Use a test point to verify the solution region.
y ≥ x2 – 7x + 10
0 ≥ (4)2 –7(4) + 10
0 ≥ 16 – 28 + 10
0 ≥ –2 ü
Try (4, 0).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Graph the inequality.
Step 1 Graph the boundary of the related parabola y = 2x2 – 5x – 2 with a solid curve. Its y-intercept is –2, its vertex is (1.3, –5.1), and its x-intercepts are –0.4 and 2.9.
Check It Out! Example 1a
y ≥ 2x2 – 5x – 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Step 2 Shade above the parabola because the solution consists of y-values greater than those on the parabola for corresponding x-values.
Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Check Use a test point to verify the solution region.
y < 2x2 – 5x – 2
0 ≥ 2(2)2 – 5(2) – 2
0 ≥ 8 – 10 – 2
0 ≥ –4 ü
Try (2, 0).
Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Graph each inequality.
Step 1 Graph the boundary of the related parabola y = –3x2 – 6x – 7 with a dashed curve. Its y-intercept is –7.
Check It Out! Example 1b
y < –3x2 – 6x – 7
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Step 2 Shade below the parabola because the solution consists of y-values less than those on the parabola for corresponding x-values.
Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Check Use a test point to verify the solution region.
y < –3x2 – 6x –7
–10 < –3(–2)2 – 6(–2) – 7
–10 < –12 + 12 – 7
–10 < –7 ü
Try (–2, –10).
Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Quadratic inequalities in one variable, such as ax2 + bx + c > 0 (a ≠ 0), have solutions in one variable that are graphed on a number line.
For and statements, both of the conditions must be true. For or statements, at least one of the conditions must be true.
Reading Math
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality by using tables or graphs.
Example 2A: Solving Quadratic Inequalities by Using Tables and Graphs
x2 + 8x + 20 ≥ 5 Use a graphing calculator to graph each side of the inequality. Set Y1 equal to x2 + 8x + 20 and Y2 equal to 5. Identify the values of x for which Y1 ≥ Y2.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 2A Continued
The parabola is at or above the line when x is less than or equal to –5 or greater than or equal to –3. So, the solution set is x ≤ –5 or x ≥ –3 or (–∞, –5] U [–3, ∞). The table supports your answer.
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
The number line shows the solution set.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality by using tables and graph.
Example 2B: Solving Quadratics Inequalities by Using Tables and Graphs
x2 + 8x + 20 < 5 Use a graphing calculator to graph each side of the inequality. Set Y1 equal to x2 + 8x + 20 and Y2 equal to 5. Identify the values of which Y1 < Y2.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 2B Continued
The parabola is below the line when x is greater than –5 and less than –3. So, the solution set is –5 < x < –3 or (–5, –3). The table supports your answer.
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
The number line shows the solution set.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality by using tables and graph.
x2 – x + 5 < 7
Use a graphing calculator to graph each side of the inequality. Set Y1 equal to x2 – x + 5 and Y2 equal to 7. Identify the values of which Y1 < Y2.
Check It Out! Example 2a
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
The parabola is below the line when x is greater than –1 and less than 2. So, the solution set is –1 < x < 2 or (–1, 2). The table supports your answer.
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
Check It Out! Example 2a Continued
The number line shows the solution set.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality by using tables and graph.
2x2 – 5x + 1 ≥ 1 Use a graphing calculator to graph each side of the inequality. Set Y1 equal to 2x2 – 5x + 1 and Y2 equal to 1. Identify the values of which Y1 ≥ Y2.
Check It Out! Example 2b
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
The parabola is at or above the line when x is less than or equal to 0 or greater than or greater than or equal to 2.5. So, the solution set is (–∞, 0] U [2.5, ∞)
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
Check It Out! Example 2b Continued
The number line shows the solution set.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
The number lines showing the solution sets in Example 2 are divided into three distinct regions by the points –5 and –3. These points are called critical values. By finding the critical values, you can solve quadratic inequalities algebraically.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality x2 – 10x + 18 ≤ –3 by using algebra.
Example 3: Solving Quadratic Equations by Using Algebra
Step 1 Write the related equation.
x2 – 10x + 18 = –3
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 3 Continued
Write in standard form.
Step 2 Solve the equation for x to find the critical values.
x2 –10x + 21 = 0
x – 3 = 0 or x – 7 = 0 (x – 3)(x – 7) = 0 Factor.
Zero Product Property. Solve for x. x = 3 or x = 7
The critical values are 3 and 7. The critical values divide the number line into three intervals: x ≤ 3, 3 ≤ x ≤ 7, x ≥ 7.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 3 Continued
Step 3 Test an x-value in each interval.
(2)2 – 10(2) + 18 ≤ –3
x2 – 10x + 18 ≤ –3
(4)2 – 10(4) + 18 ≤ –3
(8)2 – 10(8) + 18 ≤ –3
Try x = 2.
Try x = 4.
Try x = 8.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Critical values
Test points
ü
x
x
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Shade the solution regions on the number line. Use solid circles for the critical values because the inequality contains them. The solution is 3 ≤ x ≤ 7 or [3, 7].
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Example 3 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality by using algebra.
Step 1 Write the related equation.
Check It Out! Example 3a
x2 – 6x + 10 ≥ 2
x2 – 6x + 10 = 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Write in standard form.
Step 2 Solve the equation for x to find the critical values.
x2 – 6x + 8 = 0
x – 2 = 0 or x – 4 = 0 (x – 2)(x – 4) = 0 Factor.
Zero Product Property. Solve for x. x = 2 or x = 4
The critical values are 2 and 4. The critical values divide the number line into three intervals: x ≤ 2, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4, x ≥ 4.
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Step 3 Test an x-value in each interval.
(1)2 – 6(1) + 10 ≥ 2
x2 – 6x + 10 ≥ 2
(3)2 – 6(3) + 10 ≥ 2
(5)2 – 6(5) + 10 ≥ 2
Try x = 1.
Try x = 3.
Try x = 5.
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued
ü
x
ü
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Critical values
Test points
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Shade the solution regions on the number line. Use solid circles for the critical values because the inequality contains them. The solution is x ≤ 2 or x ≥ 4.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Check It Out! Example 3a Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve the inequality by using algebra.
Step 1 Write the related equation.
Check It Out! Example 3b
–2x2 + 3x + 7 < 2
–2x2 + 3x + 7 = 2
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Write in standard form.
Step 2 Solve the equation for x to find the critical values.
–2x2 + 3x + 5 = 0
–2x + 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 (–2x + 5)(x + 1) = 0 Factor.
Zero Product Property. Solve for x. x = 2.5 or x = –1
The critical values are 2.5 and –1. The critical values divide the number line into three intervals: x < –1, –1 < x < 2.5, x > 2.5.
Check It Out! Example 3b Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Step 3 Test an x-value in each interval.
–2(–2)2 + 3(–2) + 7 < 2
–2(1)2 + 3(1) + 7 < 2
–2(3)2 + 3(3) + 7 < 2
Try x = –2.
Try x = 1.
Try x = 3.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Critical values
Test points
Check It Out! Example 3b Continued
ü
x
–2x2 + 3x + 7 < 2
ü
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Shade the solution regions on the number line. Use open circles for the critical values because the inequality does not contain or equal to. The solution is x < –1 or x > 2.5.
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Check It Out! Example 3
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
A compound inequality such as 12 ≤ x ≤ 28 can be written as {x|x ≥12 U x ≤ 28}, or x ≥ 12 and x ≤ 28. (see Lesson 2-8).
Remember!
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Example 4: Problem-Solving Application
The monthly profit P of a small business that sells bicycle helmets can be modeled by the function P(x) = –8x2 + 600x – 4200, where x is the average selling price of a helmet. What range of selling prices will generate a monthly profit of at least $6000?
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
1 Understand the Problem
Example 4 Continued
The answer will be the average price of a helmet required for a profit that is greater than or equal to $6000. List the important information:
• The profit must be at least $6000.
• The function for the business’s profit is P(x) = –8x2 + 600x – 4200.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
2 Make a Plan
Write an inequality showing profit greater than or equal to $6000. Then solve the inequality by using algebra.
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve 3
Write the inequality.
–8x2 + 600x – 4200 ≥ 6000
–8x2 + 600x – 4200 = 6000
Find the critical values by solving the related equation.
Write as an equation.
Write in standard form.
Factor out –8 to simplify.
–8x2 + 600x – 10,200 = 0
–8(x2 – 75x + 1275) = 0
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve 3
Use the Quadratic Formula.
Simplify.
x ≈ 26.04 or x ≈ 48.96
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve 3 Test an x-value in each of the three regions formed by the critical x-values.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Critical values
Test points
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve 3
–8(25)2 + 600(25) – 4200 ≥ 6000
–8(45)2 + 600(45) – 4200 ≥ 6000
–8(50)2 + 600(50) – 4200 ≥ 6000
5800 ≥ 6000 Try x = 25.
Try x = 45.
Try x = 50.
6600 ≥ 6000
5800 ≥ 6000
Write the solution as an inequality. The solution is approximately 26.04 ≤ x ≤ 48.96.
ü
x
x
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve 3
For a profit of $6000, the average price of a helmet needs to be between $26.04 and $48.96, inclusive.
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Look Back 4
Enter y = –8x2 + 600x – 4200 into a graphing calculator, and create a table of values. The table shows that integer values of x between 26.04 and 48.96 inclusive result in y-values greater than or equal to 6000.
Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
A business offers educational tours to Patagonia, a region of South America that includes parts of Chile and Argentina . The profit P for x number of persons is P(x) = –25x2 + 1250x – 5000. The trip will be rescheduled if the profit is less $7500. How many people must have signed up if the trip is rescheduled?
Check It Out! Example 4
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
1 Understand the Problem
The answer will be the number of people signed up for the trip if the profit is less than $7500. List the important information:
• The profit will be less than $7500.
• The function for the profit is P(x) = –25x2 + 1250x – 5000.
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
2 Make a Plan
Write an inequality showing profit less than $7500. Then solve the inequality by using algebra.
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Solve 3
Write the inequality.
–25x2 + 1250x – 5000 < 7500
–25x2 + 1250x – 5000 = 7500
Find the critical values by solving the related equation.
Write as an equation.
Write in standard form.
Factor out –25 to simplify.
–25x2 + 1250x – 12,500 = 0
–25(x2 – 50x + 500) = 0
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Simplify.
x ≈ 13.82 or x ≈ 36.18
Use the Quadratic Formula.
Solve 3
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Test an x-value in each of the three regions formed by the critical x-values.
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Critical values
Test points
Solve 3
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
–25(13)2 + 1250(13) – 5000 < 7500 7025 < 7500
Try x = 13.
Try x = 30.
Try x = 37.
10,000 < 7500
7025 < 7500 Write the solution as an inequality. The solution is approximately x > 36.18 or x < 13.82. Because you cannot have a fraction of a person, round each critical value to the appropriate whole number.
x
ü
ü
–25(30)2 + 1250(30) – 5000 < 7500
–25(37)2 + 1250(37) – 5000 < 7500
Solve 3
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
The trip will be rescheduled if the number of people signed up is fewer than 14 people or more than 36 people.
Solve 3
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Look Back 4
Enter y = –25x2 + 1250x – 5000 into a graphing calculator, and create a table of values. The table shows that integer values of x less than 13.81 and greater than 36.18 result in y-values less than 7500.
Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Lesson Quiz: Part I
1. Graph y ≤ x2 + 9x + 14.
Solve each inequality.
2. x2 + 12x + 39 ≥ 12
3. x2 – 24 ≤ 5x
x ≤ –9 or x ≥ –3
–3 ≤ x ≤ 8
Holt McDougal Algebra 2
2-7 Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Lesson Quiz: Part II
4. A boat operator wants to offer tours of San Francisco Bay. His profit P for a trip can be modeled by P(x) = –2x2 + 120x – 788, where x is the cost per ticket. What range of ticket prices will generate a profit of at least $500?
between $14 and $46, inclusive