warm up get a digestion and metabolism fill in from the front counter what is digestion? today:...
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Warm Up
Get a Digestion and Metabolism Fill in from the front counter
• What is Digestion?
• TODAY:– Digestion PPT/ Fill In Notes– Begin Posters
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Digestion and Metabolism
Summary and notes
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What is digestion?
• Process the body uses to transform food into a form it can use
• 2 types• Chemical
– Food is combined with enzymes and acids (HCL) which cause chemical reactions in the body to help break down nutrients so they can be absorbed
• Mechanical– Happens as food is crushed and churned
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What are enzymes?
• Enzymes do the job of converting food into compounds the body can use for energy, metabolism and other functions
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Where does digestion take place?
• Gastrointestinal Tract
• AKA the GI tract
• Muscular tube, divided into parts that perform specific functions
• Can be as long as 30 feet!
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How many parts?
• Six– Mouth– Esophagus– Stomach– Small intestine– liver– Large intestine
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Begins the mechanical digestive process
Chewing: Food is crushed by the teeth into smaller pieces
Begins the chemical digestive process when ptyalin breaks down complex carbs into simple carbs
The physical process of chewing helps move the food to the next step
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Moves food to the stomach
12 inches long
Peristalsis: Muscles contract and relax in wave-like patternsThis moves the food along entire GI tract
Emotions can decrease or increase this actionIncrease: aggressive, angryDecrease: sad, depressed, afraid, and nervous
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Largest area in the digestive tract
Can hold 2-3 pints of food
Mainly breaks down proteins with the enzymes: Rennin and Pepsin and gastric juices produced by the stomach walls
Churned until it turns into chyme
Satiety: feeling of fullnessProteins stay in the stomach the longestProteins: 5 hoursCarbs: 2 hours
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Small Intestine
• Next the food answers the duodenum• Mixed and combines with chemicals: Bile and
Pancreatic juice, Intestinal fluids and enzymes
• Lined with villi: hair like projections that filter and absorb materials from the intestine and help move them to the large intestine– Carbs: changed to glucose– Proteins: changed to amino acids– Fats: changed into fatty acids to provide energy– Vitamins and Minerals remain unchanged
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Liver
• Manufactures changes and stores nutrients and chemicals
• Turns glucose into glycogen for storage and sends it into the bloodstream when the body needs it
• Recycles worn out blood cells
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Large Intestine
• Water is absorbed and sent to the kidneys
• Fiber absorbs some of the water and helps to soften waste
• Acts as a holding place for waste
• 10% of food eaten ends up as waste
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Process where nutrients are burned for heat and energy or used to build new tissue
Body needs energy to carry out three functions:
Basal Metabolism: maintaining heart rate, sleeping
Activity: running, walking, working
Thermic Effect of Food: metabolism, digestion, absorption, storage
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Basal Metabolism
• The amount of energy needed for the body at physical, digestive and emotional rest
• Also referred to as BMR or basal metabolic rate
• Many factors affect your BMR
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Gender
Environment
BodySurface
BodyTemp.
Supply of Nutrients
Age
BMR
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What’s my BMR?
• To calculate your BMR
• Weight in kg X 1 or .9 X 24= BMR
• Males: 1 calorie per Kg of body weight per hour
• Females: 0.9 calories per Kg of body weight per hour
Weight in pounds = weight in Kg
2.2
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Calculating BMR
• Weight in kg X BMR factor (1 for M, .9 for F)
• Multiply weight in kg times 24
• Example: 165 lb male
• 165/2.2 = 75 kg
• 75 kg X 1.0 = 75 cal/hr
• 75 X 24 = 1800 calories
• Metabolic rate = 1800 calories per day
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Another Example
• 136/2.2= 61.8 kg
• 61.8 X .09 = 55.62 cal/hr
• 55.62 X 24= 1334.8 calories
• Basal Metabolic Rate is 1334.8
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Fiber
• Need 20-30 g of fiber per day• Functions:
– Keeps contents of the intestines moving, prevents constipation
– Helps reduce the risk of colon cancer by allowing food to pass quickly through the GI tract
– Stimulates muscles of the digestive tract– Absorbs water and gives the feeling of
fullness, contributes to healthy eating
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Top Ten High Fiber Foods
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Assignment
• Working with 2-3 people, create a poster of the digestive system
• Draw out the digestive system, Label and color each part
• Describe what each part of the digestive system does
• Due at the end of class on Thursday (: