warm up: clear your desks for geography quiz!. peer review work with a partner exchange homework...
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Warm Up:
Clear your desks for Geography Quiz!
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Peer Review • Work with a partner• Exchange homeworkLook for the following:• Thesis – does it preview the paragraph?• Comparisons – is a direct comparisons between the Assyrians and
Phoenicians made?Evidence – are there specific details/facts that support the comparisons being made?
• Analysis- is there explanation as to why each similarity or difference discussed exists?
• What did your partner do well?• What could be improved?
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Essay Structure
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E.
Phoenicians – Semitic speaking people living on the coast of modern Syria and Lebanon in the first millennia B.C.E. Referred to themselves as Canaanites
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E.
A. Phoenician City-States1. Origins• Settled near modern Lebanon. • the Phoenicians established a number of small
city-states• The major Phoenician city-states were Byblos,
Berytus, Sidon, and Tyre.
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
2. Trade and technology• Deeply involved in trade- Raw materials (Cedar, Pine, Metals Incense,
Papyrus)- Food stuffs (Wine, Spices, Fish)- Luxury Goods (Textiles, Ivory, Glass)• Invented the first alphabetical writing system.- Did not include vowel sounds
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E.
B. Expansion in the Mediterranean1. Colonization • expansion into the Mediterranean • Colonies were established on: • Cyprus, the North African coast, the south
and southeast Spanish coast, Sardinia, Sicily, and Malta.
See map page 88
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E.
2. Effects of Colonization• Outlet for excess population• New source of trade goods• New trading partners• Expanded the Phoenician trading to include
entire Mediterranean
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E.
3. Colonization and Conflict• expansion in Mediterranean brought
Phoenicians into conflict with the Greeks• Conflict over control of Sicily • Savage wars for centuries• By 3rd century B.C.E. Phoenicians controlled
Sicily
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E.
C. Carthage’s Commercial Empire1. Carthage • Phoenician colony on the Coast of North
Africa in modern Tunisia • Became most powerful Phoenician city-state
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
2. Geography• Located on the Mediterranean Sea• Hilltop citadel• Surrounded by high walls• Double harbor- Inner harbor for warships- Outer harbor for commercial ships• Harbor could be closed by large chain during an
attack
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
3. Government• Two “judges” elected from upper class families- Carried out administrative and judicial functions• The Senate- Members of leading merchant families- Members sat for life- Formulated policy, directed affairs• Occasionally the Senate convened an Assembly of Citizens to
vote for important issues- Used when the Senate was divided, or to gain popular
enthusiasm
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Warm Up:
• Why did the Phoenicians create colonies?• What were some of the effects of this
colonization?
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
4. Navy• Navy was the source of Carthaginian power• Dominated the W. Mediterranean • Navy made up of fast, maneuverable galleys- Ram to pierce hull of enemy ship- Marines fired weapons from deck- Up to 170 rowers
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Galley
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
5. Foreign Policy• Reflected economic interests • Protect sea lanes, gain access to raw materials• Created a commercial monopoly in the
western Mediterranean
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
D. War and Religion1. Control• Ruled indirectly• Allowed other Phoenician city-states to
remain independent
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
2. Military• Citizens not required to serve in army• More valuable participating in trade• Had no enemies close to home• Relied on mercenaries under Carthaginian
command
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V. Phoenicia and the Mediterranean, 1200-500 B.C.E
3. Religion• Polytheistic• Baal-Hammon was the chief god (male storm
god)• May have practiced child sacrifice to please
gods
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Review for Chapter 3 Test