Warm-upWarm-up

Answer the following questions:1. What was 1 political problem that America

faced at the turn of the century?2. Give 1 problem with business practices at

this time3. What problems were there in factories?4. What other issues did cities face during the

turn of the century?

Answer the following questions:1. What was 1 political problem that America

faced at the turn of the century?2. Give 1 problem with business practices at

this time3. What problems were there in factories?4. What other issues did cities face during the

turn of the century?

Happy Tuesday!!!Happy Tuesday!!!

I need to do a couple things before we get started: I need to check your study guides from the

test last class I need to collect your Industrialization

stamp sheetsDid you know: There is more real lemon

juice in Lemon Pledge furniture polish than in Country Time Lemonade

I need to do a couple things before we get started: I need to check your study guides from the

test last class I need to collect your Industrialization

stamp sheetsDid you know: There is more real lemon

juice in Lemon Pledge furniture polish than in Country Time Lemonade

ProgressivismProgressivism

Muckrakers and Woman SuffrageMuckrakers and Woman Suffrage

Problems at the Turn of the Century

Problems at the Turn of the Century

Politically: Political MachinesBusiness practices: trusts, monopoliesWorking conditions: child labor, low

pay, long hoursOther stuff: drugs, gangs, drinking,

women still can’t vote

Politically: Political MachinesBusiness practices: trusts, monopoliesWorking conditions: child labor, low

pay, long hoursOther stuff: drugs, gangs, drinking,

women still can’t vote

Enter ProgressivismEnter Progressivism

Progressivism: movement to improve American life in politics, society and the workplace.

Progressives were optimistic and forward looking and accepted the changes industrialization brought forth

Wanted to limit the power of big business, improve democracy and strengthen social justices

Progressivism: movement to improve American life in politics, society and the workplace.

Progressives were optimistic and forward looking and accepted the changes industrialization brought forth

Wanted to limit the power of big business, improve democracy and strengthen social justices

Where did the movement come from?

Where did the movement come from?

New political groups- populists and socialists Farmers- gained ideas from populists, hurt by

the railroads Labor-unions Religion- to be a better person

YMCA, YWCA, Salvation Army to improve lives of the poor

Muckrakers- writers, mostly magazines, who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life People wont change society unless they know about

the conditions and get angry about it Many magazines started at this time: Cosmo,

McClures

New political groups- populists and socialists Farmers- gained ideas from populists, hurt by

the railroads Labor-unions Religion- to be a better person

YMCA, YWCA, Salvation Army to improve lives of the poor

Muckrakers- writers, mostly magazines, who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life People wont change society unless they know about

the conditions and get angry about it Many magazines started at this time: Cosmo,

McClures

MuckrakersMuckrakers

Ida M. Tarbell- wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” Exposed the company’s cutthroat methods

of eliminating competitionUpton Sinclair- wrote “The Jungle”

about stockyard workers and meat packing industry

Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens

Ida M. Tarbell- wrote “The History of the Standard Oil Company” Exposed the company’s cutthroat methods

of eliminating competitionUpton Sinclair- wrote “The Jungle”

about stockyard workers and meat packing industry

Jacob Riis, Lincoln Steffens

Local ReformsLocal Reforms

Cities faced some of the most obvious social problems

1900, Galveston, TX adopted the “commission” idea as a form of government after a botched hurricane relief Commission is a group of experts-each takes

charge of a different city department 1913, Dayton, OH- adopted the council-

manager form of gov’t People elect a city council to make laws

Cities faced some of the most obvious social problems

1900, Galveston, TX adopted the “commission” idea as a form of government after a botched hurricane relief Commission is a group of experts-each takes

charge of a different city department 1913, Dayton, OH- adopted the council-

manager form of gov’t People elect a city council to make laws

State ReformsState Reforms

Gov. Robert M. LaFollette- Rep. Wisconsin Targeted RR industry- regulated rates, and forbade

free passes Progressives worked to regulate child labor

Keating-Owen Act 1916- prohibited the transportation across state likes of goods produced with child labor (eventually deemed unconstitutional)

Made efforts to limit working hours and workers compensation

Gov. Robert M. LaFollette- Rep. Wisconsin Targeted RR industry- regulated rates, and forbade

free passes Progressives worked to regulate child labor

Keating-Owen Act 1916- prohibited the transportation across state likes of goods produced with child labor (eventually deemed unconstitutional)

Made efforts to limit working hours and workers compensation

Election ReformElection ReformAdoption of the secret ballot (aka

Australian ballot) Initiatives and referendums- gave citizens

the power to create laws Citizens could petition to place an initiative (a

bill originated by the people) on the ballot Voters instead of legislatures accepted or

rejected the initiative by referendum (vote on initiative)

Adoption of the secret ballot (aka Australian ballot)

Initiatives and referendums- gave citizens the power to create laws Citizens could petition to place an initiative (a

bill originated by the people) on the ballot Voters instead of legislatures accepted or

rejected the initiative by referendum (vote on initiative)

Election Reform cont.Election Reform cont.

The recall enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term

17th Amendment- Direct election of Senators Started with the primary election Forced Senators to focus more on the

people not businesses

The recall enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face another election before the end of their term

17th Amendment- Direct election of Senators Started with the primary election Forced Senators to focus more on the

people not businesses

Women’s RoleWomen’s Role

At the turn of the century, 1 in 5 women held jobs (25% in manufacturing)

Faced dangerous conditions 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Women’s clubs popped up and grew into reform groups that addressed issues like temperance and child labor

Women began going to college- separate from men

At the turn of the century, 1 in 5 women held jobs (25% in manufacturing)

Faced dangerous conditions 1911 fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Women’s clubs popped up and grew into reform groups that addressed issues like temperance and child labor

Women began going to college- separate from men

Women in ReformWomen in Reform

1896, African-American women founded the NACW (National Assoc. of Colored Women) led by Josephine Ruffin

Susan B. Anthony led a campaign for woman suffrage (right to vote) Founded the National Women Suffrage

Assoc. (NWSA)

1896, African-American women founded the NACW (National Assoc. of Colored Women) led by Josephine Ruffin

Susan B. Anthony led a campaign for woman suffrage (right to vote) Founded the National Women Suffrage

Assoc. (NWSA)

Strategy for SuffrageStrategy for Suffrage

Tried 3 approaches to achieve objective Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women

the right to voteWon in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho

Women pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment- women citizens too!

Supreme Court ruled in 1875 that women were citizens but that that didn’t mean they had the right to vote

Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote

Amendment introduced in CA but it was killed laterFor 41 years, women lobbied to have it reintroduced but it

continued to be voted down

Tried 3 approaches to achieve objective Tried to convince state legislatures to grant women

the right to voteWon in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and Idaho

Women pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment- women citizens too!

Supreme Court ruled in 1875 that women were citizens but that that didn’t mean they had the right to vote

Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the right to vote

Amendment introduced in CA but it was killed laterFor 41 years, women lobbied to have it reintroduced but it

continued to be voted down

Happy Wednesday!!Happy Wednesday!!

Take out your jungle worksheet so I can check it and we can talk about it!

Did you know: In Utah, birds have the right of way on all highways

Take out your jungle worksheet so I can check it and we can talk about it!

Did you know: In Utah, birds have the right of way on all highways

ProgressivismProgressivism

Progressive Presidents Progressive Presidents

Political LeadersPolitical Leaders

Teddy Roosevelt- RepublicanWilliam H. Taft- RepublicanWoodrow Wilson- DemocratPROGRESSIVES CAME FROM BOTH

PARTIES!!! MOVEMENT WAS BIPARTISAN!

Teddy Roosevelt- RepublicanWilliam H. Taft- RepublicanWoodrow Wilson- DemocratPROGRESSIVES CAME FROM BOTH

PARTIES!!! MOVEMENT WAS BIPARTISAN!

Teddy RooseveltTeddy Roosevelt

Roosevelt took office after President McKinley was assassinated Was the youngest president ever (42 years old)

Saw the presidency as a “bully pit” from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation

Believed the American people deserve a “square deal” from government Term was used to describe the progressive

reforms sponsored by his administration

Roosevelt took office after President McKinley was assassinated Was the youngest president ever (42 years old)

Saw the presidency as a “bully pit” from which he could influence the news media and shape legislation

Believed the American people deserve a “square deal” from government Term was used to describe the progressive

reforms sponsored by his administration

Trust BustingTrust Busting

By 1900, trusts (legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies) controlled about 4/5 of the industries in the US Sherman Antitrust Act wasn’t working

TR didn’t believe all trusts were harmful, he didn’t want to “bust the trusts” just regulate them Believed in the 3 C’s:

Controlling corporationsConsumer protectionConservation

By 1900, trusts (legal bodies created to hold stock in many companies) controlled about 4/5 of the industries in the US Sherman Antitrust Act wasn’t working

TR didn’t believe all trusts were harmful, he didn’t want to “bust the trusts” just regulate them Believed in the 3 C’s:

Controlling corporationsConsumer protectionConservation

TR’s Square DealTR’s Square Deal Included 6 items:1. Increase Federal Power: to keep society running

well and to get rid of corruption the gov’t needed to be more involved

Fed. Gov’t needed to get involved in state problems

2. Mediating Strikes: before TR, the gov’t sided with business not strikers

TR didn’t want to totally change to ALWAYS siding with labor but he believed that gov’t needs to step in when strikes effect the common people EX: Coal strike in PA 1902- workers want an 8 hr work day,

higher wages, workers/owners didn’t agree for months, winter came and people needed coal for heat. TR threatens to seize the mines if a decision isnt made, TR sends the gov’t in to mediate

TR establishes a precedent of saying gov’t can intervene in strikes if the public welfare is involved

Included 6 items:1. Increase Federal Power: to keep society running

well and to get rid of corruption the gov’t needed to be more involved

Fed. Gov’t needed to get involved in state problems

2. Mediating Strikes: before TR, the gov’t sided with business not strikers

TR didn’t want to totally change to ALWAYS siding with labor but he believed that gov’t needs to step in when strikes effect the common people EX: Coal strike in PA 1902- workers want an 8 hr work day,

higher wages, workers/owners didn’t agree for months, winter came and people needed coal for heat. TR threatens to seize the mines if a decision isnt made, TR sends the gov’t in to mediate

TR establishes a precedent of saying gov’t can intervene in strikes if the public welfare is involved

TR’s Square Deal cont.TR’s Square Deal cont.

3. Regulate Trusts: tries to regulate businesses if they were oppressive to the people Sometimes the businesses were destroyed, others

were guided towards better business practices Sued the companies

4. Regulating Transportation (mainly RR) Elkins Act 1902: cant change rates w/o notifying

the public Hepburn Act 1906: Interstate Commerce

Commission now sets RR rates

3. Regulate Trusts: tries to regulate businesses if they were oppressive to the people Sometimes the businesses were destroyed, others

were guided towards better business practices Sued the companies

4. Regulating Transportation (mainly RR) Elkins Act 1902: cant change rates w/o notifying

the public Hepburn Act 1906: Interstate Commerce

Commission now sets RR rates

TR’s Square Deal cont.TR’s Square Deal cont.

5. Protecting Health: influenced by “The Jungle” Pure Food and Drug Act 1906: must put

ingredients on the label Meat Inspection Act 1906

6. Conserving Natural Resources: set up state parks, wildlife sanctuaries, national forests; first to recognize the issue of pollution

5. Protecting Health: influenced by “The Jungle” Pure Food and Drug Act 1906: must put

ingredients on the label Meat Inspection Act 1906

6. Conserving Natural Resources: set up state parks, wildlife sanctuaries, national forests; first to recognize the issue of pollution

Progressivism Under TaftProgressivism Under Taft

TR hand picks William H. Taft (R) as his successor

Taft pursued a cautious progressive agenda Sought to consolidate rather than expand TR’s

reforms Was able to bust 90 trusts in a 4 year term Taft runs into a great deal of problems in his

presidency

TR hand picks William H. Taft (R) as his successor

Taft pursued a cautious progressive agenda Sought to consolidate rather than expand TR’s

reforms Was able to bust 90 trusts in a 4 year term Taft runs into a great deal of problems in his

presidency

Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs

He tries to get the Payne-Aldrich tariff passed, which, when it entered the House was lower. But the Senate, under pressure from big business, actually increased tariffs Taft signed it thinking it was the initial bill

and angered progressives

Taft campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs

He tries to get the Payne-Aldrich tariff passed, which, when it entered the House was lower. But the Senate, under pressure from big business, actually increased tariffs Taft signed it thinking it was the initial bill

and angered progressives

Conservation Conservation

Does some good things- Appalachians added to national forests, set aside federal oil lands

BUT…he causes problems: Begins selling off some land/water

conservation areas Places Richard A. Ballinger as Sec. Of

Interior He starts selling land set aside for parks to

corporate developers

Does some good things- Appalachians added to national forests, set aside federal oil lands

BUT…he causes problems: Begins selling off some land/water

conservation areas Places Richard A. Ballinger as Sec. Of

Interior He starts selling land set aside for parks to

corporate developers

Problems in the Republican Party

Problems in the Republican Party

Taft Supported the political boss, “Uncle Joe” Cannon As Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Cannon often

ignored progressive bills Stripped him of his power

TR returns from Africa promoting “New Nationalism” in which the fed. gov’t exerted its power for the welfare of the people TR ran for a 3rd term in a new (progressive) party: The Bull

Moose PartyPlatform called for the direct election of senators and the adoption

in all states of the initiative, referendum and recall. The split gave the Democrats their first chance at the White

House since 1892…Woodrow Wilson wins in 1912

Taft Supported the political boss, “Uncle Joe” Cannon As Chairman of the House Rules Committee, Cannon often

ignored progressive bills Stripped him of his power

TR returns from Africa promoting “New Nationalism” in which the fed. gov’t exerted its power for the welfare of the people TR ran for a 3rd term in a new (progressive) party: The Bull

Moose PartyPlatform called for the direct election of senators and the adoption

in all states of the initiative, referendum and recall. The split gave the Democrats their first chance at the White

House since 1892…Woodrow Wilson wins in 1912

Wilson’s New FreedomWilson’s New Freedom

From Staunton, VA, was the president of Princeton and the polit. machine wanted a candidate they could control

Says that he will attack the Triple Wall of Privilege: tariffs, banks and trusts

Felt as TR did that the President had to play an active role in obtaining change in the country

From Staunton, VA, was the president of Princeton and the polit. machine wanted a candidate they could control

Says that he will attack the Triple Wall of Privilege: tariffs, banks and trusts

Felt as TR did that the President had to play an active role in obtaining change in the country

Breaking down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Tariff Reform

Breaking down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Tariff Reform

Underwood- Simmons Tariff 1913: lowered tariffs down to 29-41% Did this by telling the people to hold their

Congressmen accountable Changed the revenue of the Fed. Gov’t

US no longer gets the majority of its revenue from tariffs

16th Amendment: INCOME TAX!! This is how the US makes up the difference

Underwood- Simmons Tariff 1913: lowered tariffs down to 29-41% Did this by telling the people to hold their

Congressmen accountable Changed the revenue of the Fed. Gov’t

US no longer gets the majority of its revenue from tariffs

16th Amendment: INCOME TAX!! This is how the US makes up the difference

Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Banking Reform

Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Banking Reform

Need the gov’t to oversee the actions of the banking industry more

Set up the Federal Reserve Board Decentralizes the private banking system

Need the gov’t to oversee the actions of the banking industry more

Set up the Federal Reserve Board Decentralizes the private banking system

Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Trusts

Breaking Down the Triple Wall of Privilege: Trusts

Establishes the Federal Trade Commission Act: 5 member committee that had the power to investigate unfair business (trade) practices including unlawful competition, fake advertising, mislabeling, bribery If found unlawful, the commission will tell them to

“cease and desist” and turn them over to the courts Clayton Anti-trust Act: designed to strengthen

the Sherman Anti-trust Act Declared more business practices illegal (Ex: cant but

stocks in another company if it will eventually give you a monopoly)

Helped laborers: legal to strike, peacefully picket, boycott and collect strike benefits

Establishes the Federal Trade Commission Act: 5 member committee that had the power to investigate unfair business (trade) practices including unlawful competition, fake advertising, mislabeling, bribery If found unlawful, the commission will tell them to

“cease and desist” and turn them over to the courts Clayton Anti-trust Act: designed to strengthen

the Sherman Anti-trust Act Declared more business practices illegal (Ex: cant but

stocks in another company if it will eventually give you a monopoly)

Helped laborers: legal to strike, peacefully picket, boycott and collect strike benefits

Other Wilson ActsOther Wilson Acts

LaFollette Seaman’s Act (1915): improves working conditions on American merchant ships

Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr. work day for RR Federal Farm Loan Act (1916): low interest

loans for farmers Warehouse Act (1916): loans on the security

of staple crops Workingman’s Compensation Act (1916)

grant assistance to federal civil service employees during disability

LaFollette Seaman’s Act (1915): improves working conditions on American merchant ships

Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr. work day for RR Federal Farm Loan Act (1916): low interest

loans for farmers Warehouse Act (1916): loans on the security

of staple crops Workingman’s Compensation Act (1916)

grant assistance to federal civil service employees during disability

Woman Suffrage and African Americans

Woman Suffrage and African Americans

The movement gained strength with college-educated women

Carrie Chapman Catt took over the NAWSA The efforts of women in WWI led to the

passage of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote

Wilson didn’t make any progressive moves concerning African Americans due to his southern roots

The movement gained strength with college-educated women

Carrie Chapman Catt took over the NAWSA The efforts of women in WWI led to the

passage of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote

Wilson didn’t make any progressive moves concerning African Americans due to his southern roots